BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:Preterm birth (PTB) is a major public health concern worldwide, which may lead to detrimental maternal and neonatal outcomes. Maternal nutritional status, gestational weight gain (GWG), and lifestyle factors are potentially modifiable determinants of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study examined the association between PTB and maternal GWG and assessed whether maternal dietary habits and lifestyle factors were related to GWG in women delivering preterm versus at term. METHODS:A retrospective case-control study was conducted at a tertiary center in Hungary (MANOR Study, 2019). The case group included n = 100 women with PTB, while n = 200 matched term deliveries served as controls (1:2 ratio). Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and medical records. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was categorized using standard definitions, while GWG was classified as inadequate, recommended, or excessive according to the US 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines. A 7-item dietary index score was calculated based on gestational dietary habits. RESULTS:Pre-pregnancy BMI distribution did not considerably differ between groups (p > 0.05); over one-third of women in both groups were overweight or had obesity (38.7% vs. 36.7%). Previous PTB (p < 0.001) and gestational hypertension (GHT) (p = 0.003) were more common among current PTB cases, while smoking, alcohol consumption, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) showed negligible differences (p > 0.05)-28.0% of cases, and 34.5% of controls were classified as having healthy dietary habits, based on the dietary index score calculated. Inadequate GWG was more prevalent among PTB cases (49.0% vs. 26.8%), whereas excessive GWG was less frequent among cases (21.9% vs. 38.4%). Being within the recommended GWG range and the manifestation of gestational hypertension were associated with lower (aOR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.18-0.87; p = 0.020) and higher (aOR: 3.43; 95% CI: 1.44-8.19; p = 0.005) odds of PTB, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Inadequate GWG was more common in PTB, while excessive GWG was more frequent in term pregnancies. Fast-food consumption was associated with excessive GWG among term births. Optimizing GWG and improving maternal diet quality should be included as key, cross-cutting interventions targeting the improvement of antenatal care.

IntroductionProblematic pornography use (PPU) is increasingly studied, but different self-report operationalizations may not identify the same individuals. In this study, a structured symptom-checklist-based classification of pornography-watching disorder (PWD) was compared with direct self-identified pornography addiction (SIPA). The present study examined the overlap and divergence between these two classifications and compared their behavioral, sociodemographic, psychosexual, and psychosocial correlates.MethodsData were drawn from a large Hungarian web-based community survey. A total of 8,705 adults provided information on pornography use frequency (PUF) and SIPA, while multivariable analyses were conducted on a complete-case sample of 8,088 participants. Both classifications were based on self-report. PWD was operationalized using ten DSM-5-inspired symptom indicators, with four or more symptoms indicating PWD, whereas SIPA was measured using a single dichotomous self-identification item. Binary logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with symptom-defined PWD and SIPA, followed by multinomial logistic regression examining concordant and discordant profiles.ResultsSymptom-defined PWD was identified in 4.8% of participants, whereas 3.1% identified themselves as addicted to pornography. The overlap between the two classifications was moderate (φ = .430, p <.001). Among participants meeting symptom-based criteria for PWD, 63.7% did not identify themselves as addicted, whereas 43.7% of individuals with SIPA did not meet symptom-based criteria. Symptom-defined PWD was associated with PUF, male sex, greater religiosity, interpersonal difficulties, lower sexual-life satisfaction, earlier exposure to pornography, inadequate sexual education, self-reported sexual disorders, and self-reported paraphilic disorders. In contrast, SIPA was associated primarily with PUF, pornography-related symptom burden, and male sex. Multinomial analyses further showed that individuals who self-identified as addicted despite not meeting symptom-based criteria differed markedly from those with symptom-defined PWD and were distinguished mainly by higher PUF and male sex.DiscussionSymptom-defined PWD and SIPA represent related but non-equivalent operationalizations of problematic pornography involvement. Whereas the checklist-based PWD classification was associated with a broader range of sociodemographic, psychosexual, and psychosocial characteristics, SIPA was associated primarily with PUF and symptom burden. These findings highlight the importance of distinguishing between structured symptom-checklist-based classification and direct self-identification in both research and clinical assessment.

International medical students are exposed to complex cultural and academic environments that require continuous adaptation to both their host society and their culture of origin. This study examines acculturation among international medical students in Hungary using Berry’s Acculturation Theory, which classifies individuals into four categories: Integration, Separation, Assimilation, and Marginalization. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 326 international medical students using a modified Stephenson Multigroup Acculturation Scale and self-reported measures of health behaviours, perceived stress, and mental well-being. Most participants were categorized as either Integration (46.0

Background/Objectives: There is clear evidence that maternal micronutrient deficiencies result in adverse maternal and fetal health outcomes. Therefore, corrective supplementation should be considered when dietary intake is insufficient, particularly for vitamin D (VD), omega-3 fatty acids (O3), folic acid (FA), or prenatal multiple micronutrient products (PMM). Despite its significance, intake patterns in Hungary remain largely unexplored, and evaluating adherence to recommended intake levels would be of even greater importance. This is the first Hungarian study to provide a comprehensive overview of the frequency and adherence patterns of micronutrient supplementation among pregnant women, while also analyzing their association with predictors and outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 300 pregnant women who delivered in a university hospital. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire and clinical maternal and neonatal records. Results: The prevalence of FA, VD, O3, and PMM intake among the participants was 89.0%, 76.4%, 58.7%, and 67.6%, respectively. However, adherence to recommendations was notably lower: 41.1% for VD, 37.5% for O3, 36% for PMM, and 31% for FA. Higher adherence was associated with older maternal age, higher educational level, county town residence, planned pregnancy, primiparity, previous spontaneous abortion, and early initiation of antenatal care. Our findings refute concerns about the obesogenic effect of supplementation for both mothers and newborns. FA intake correlated with a lower likelihood of cesarean section, while O3 use was associated with improved uterine contractility and reduced risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: Our study underscores the need for individualized counselling on micronutrient supplementation, with particular emphasis on appropriate timing, dosage, and potential benefits.

Objectives We aimed to assess the role of islet autoimmunity and family history of diabetes in the presence of CFRD in children with CF. Methods Data from 78 children were analysed from the CF-related Pancreatic Disorders Registry. Pancreatic islet autoantibodies (AABs) (glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), insulin (IAA), islet antigen-2 (IA-2) and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) were measured and family history of diabetes was collected in a cross-sectional manner. Family history of T1DM and T2DM was assessed using the criterion by Blackman et al., 2009 and Ferrat et al., 2020. Fischer, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Witney U test were used. Results Males comprised 55% of the study population, with a median age of 8.7 years (IQR: 5.4–14.0 years). 51 children were on CFTR modulator therapy. Children with CFRD were significantly older with a median age of 15.9 years (IQR: 7.5–18.7) for any AAB-positive CFRD compared to 8.0 years (IQR: 6.2–12.4) for non-CFRD, and 12.1 years (IQR: 9.9–13.5) for AAB-negative CFRD compared to 7.9 years (IQR: 4.0–13.6) for non-CFRD. Any AAB and single AAB positivity was significantly associated with CFRD (Table 1). Only two children reported T1DM in any relative. Family history of diabetes showed no association with CFRD. Any AAB positivity frequency was comparable among children with positive and negative family history (Blackman criteria p=0.136; Ferrat criteria p=0.133). Conclusion Islet AAB positivity is associated with CFRD in children with CF. CFRD, regardless of autoantibody status, is more common in older individuals, which aligns with known disease progression in cystic fibrosis. The usefulness of family history of diabetes as a prognostic factor in the development of CFRD is limited.Funding: National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (NRDI Fund) FK 138929; CF Trust Strategic Research Consortium Grant NU-000600

Background: The role of autoimmune beta-cell damage in cystic fibrosis-related glucose abnormalities remains unclear. This study evaluates the prevalence of pancreatic islet autoantibodies (AABs) by glycemic status and age, and assesses the risk of developing cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). Methods: A random-effects meta-analysis examined AABs against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulin (IAA), islet cell (ICA), islet antigen-2 (IA-2A) and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A) in pwCF (CRD42023482663). Prevalence, odds ratios (OR), and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with subgroup analyses by glycemic status and age. Results: Analysis of 20 studies (2229 pwCF) found an overall islet AAB positivity rate of 4 % (CI: 2-9 %) and multiple positivity at 1 % (CI: 0-11 %). IAA had the highest prevalence at 6 % (CI: 3-14 %), and ICA the lowest at 1 % (CI: 0-9 %). Islet AAB prevalence trended higher in CFRD than non-CFRD patients and in children than adults. CFRD was significantly associated with islet AAB positivity, notably for GADA (OR 4.63, CI: 3.42-6.28), ICA (OR 3.57, CI: 1.05-12.18), and IA-2A (OR 2.36, CI: 1.29-4.34). Any and multiple AAB positivity were similarly correlated to CFRD (OR 2.82, CI: 1.22-6.51 and OR 2.71, CI: 1.49-4.93). Conclusions: Pancreatic islet AABs are present in 1-6 % of pwCF and increase the risk of CFRD by 2.36 to 4.63 times. While there's a suggested link, limited study quality and inconsistent testing warrant cautious interpretation. Further robust studies are needed to confirm these findings and improve screening strategies.

Objectives This study aims to explore the motivation and barriers to physical activity (PA), quantify activity levels, and evaluate hand grip strength in Hungarian children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods In a single-centre prospective study conducted from January 2023 to June 2024, data on PA, motivation, and barriers were collected from children with CF aged 6 and above. For children aged 14 and older, both parents and patients completed questionnaires independently. The Modified Godin Scale Score (GSS) was calculated, and Cohen's kappa was used for parent-patient agreement. Results Data from 83 children, aged 12.0 (IQR: 8.5-16.3) years (45% male) including 33 parent-patient pairs were analysed. Cycling, jogging and walking, football and dancing were the most popular activities. Children reported a median of 5 hours of out-of-school weekly PA (IQR: 2.8-10.0 hours), all of them taking part in regular extracurricular PA. 78% of children were active, 9% moderately active and 14% insufficiently active based on their GSS. Most children (88%) reported enjoying exercise to some extent ('very much' or 'somewhat'), while only a small percentage (5%) expressed little or no enjoyment ('not much' or 'not at all'). Motivational factors and barriers are summarized in Table 1. Parents generally overestimated their role in motivating their child to engage in PA (26% vs. 10%). Notable disagreements included perceptions of health benefits (65% for children vs. 35% for parents, κ = 0.34). Key barriers identified by both groups were time constraints (36% and 55% κ = 0.53) and school-related commitments (39% and 39% κ = 0.62), though parents often perceived barriers as less significant than their children did. Conclusion While most children with CF participate in PA, some do not meet the recommended levels. We need to eliminate biases in parental assessments of barriers to more effectively tailor interventions that motivate the child.

Perinatal depression is one of the most common mental illnesses in women. The aim of this study was to assess the association of life stressors, perceived stress, obstetric and neonatal complications, and depressive symptoms in the early postpartum period and to compare these variables in two groups of women (preterm and term deliveries). Methods: A case–control study was conducted among 300 women who gave birth in 2019 at the University of Szeged. Cases included women with preterm deliveries (<37 weeks, n = 100), and the controls included women with term deliveries (≥37 weeks, n = 200). Data were collected during postpartum hospital stays through a self-administered questionnaire (containing validated questionnaires: the Holmes–Rahe Life Stress Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)) and the medical records of women and newborns. A descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression were used to identify predictors of high EPDS scores (≥10). Results: Perceived stress levels were significantly higher among cases than controls (p < 0.001). Higher perceived stress was associated with a higher risk of depression in cases (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.17–1.48, p < 0.001) and controls (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.21–1.45, p < 0.001), too. Newborn complications were associated with an increased perinatal depression risk in the controls (OR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.05–5.91; p = 0.039) but not in the cases (OR: 2.79, 95% CI: 0.79–9.85; p = 0.111). It is supposed that premature birth was stressful itself, and women with preterm babies were less sensitive to any complications occurring in their newborns compared to women with term newborns. Neither maternal age, education, nor obstetric complications predicted depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the impact of maternal perceived stress and newborns’ health status on the risk of developing depression during the early postpartum period. These results emphasize the need for ongoing screening and follow-up measures, especially for women with higher EPDS scores.

Objectives To investigate the relationships between hand grip strength (HGS), physical activity levels, body composition, body mass index (BMI) and CFTR modulator therapy in paediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods This single-centre prospective observational study measured hand grip strength (HGS) using a Jamar hydraulic dynamometer, body composition (using InBody 770) and lung function (FEV1%) values. Physical activity was calculated using the Modified Godin Scale Score (GSS). Body weight, height and BMI were analysed as z-scores and HGS as percentiles standardised for age and sex. Linear regression was used to estimate relationships, with R² values indicating the strength of associations. Participants on CFTR modulators were compared with modulator-naïve individuals. Results The study included 82 children with CF (mean age: 12.4 ± 4.4 years). Of these, 66 patients were on CFTR modulator therapy (39 LUM/IVA, 27 ETI). No significant differences were found in any of the investigated parameters between those on CFTR modulator therapy and those not receiving it (Table 1). However, the modulator groups showed a trend for higher height, weight and BMI z-scores. Based on their GSS, 95% of children were classified as active. Neither the HGS nor the GSS showed any correlation with BMI (R²=0.044; 0.034), fat mass percentile (R²< 0.001; 0.001) or skeletal muscle mass percentile (R²=0.001; 0.006). Similarly, the relationship between FEV1% and SMM was negligible (R²=0.002). Both HGS and GSS showed weak positive correlations with FEV1 (R²=0.121; 0.077) and with each other(R²=0.115). Conclusion GSS, HGS and FEV1 showed weak correlation and may be useful in assessing aspects of functional and physical performance in children with CF. In contrast, body composition and BMI showed no correlation with these performance measures.

Adequate vitamin D (VD) intake during pregnancy is needed for fetal development and maternal health maintenance. However, while there is no doubt regarding its importance, there is not a unified recommendation regarding adequate intake. The main aim of our study was to measure the VD serum level of studied women, together with its potential influencing factors: demographic (i.e., age, level of education, relationship status and type of residence), conception and pregnancy related factors. Results are based on secondary data analyses of a retrospective case–control study of 100 preterm and 200 term pregnancies, where case and control groups were analyzed together. Data collection was based on a self-administered questionnaire, health documentation, and maternal serum VD laboratory tests. VD intake was evaluated by diet and dietary supplement consumption. According to our results, 68.1% of women took some kind of prenatal vitamin, and only 25.9% of them knew about its VD content. Only 12.1% of included women reached the optimal, 75 nmol/L serum VD level. Higher maternal serum levels were associated with early pregnancy care visits (p = 0.001), assisted reproductive therapy (p = 0.028) and advice from gynecologists (p = 0.049). A correlation was found between VD intake and serum levels (p < 0.001). Despite the compulsory pregnancy counselling in Hungary, health consciousness, VD intake and serum levels remain below the recommendations. The role of healthcare professionals is crucial during pregnancy regarding micronutrients intake and the appropriate supplementation dose.

A szembetegségek és a következményes látáskárosodás világszerte egyre nagyobb problémát jelentenek. 2020-ban világszerte 1,1 milliárd látáskárosodott személyt tartottak számon, akik közül 43 millióan éltek vaksággal. A legjobb megoldás a szembetegségek csökkenésére a prevenció. Összefoglaló közleményünkben a szemészeti kórképeket és azok megelőzési lehetőségeit elemeztük, a téma szempontjából releváns hazai és nemzetközi epidemiológiai adatok, közlemények, valamint szakmai irányelvek alapján. A szembetegségek, különösen az életkorral összefüggő kórképek (pl. szürkehályog) előfordulási gyakorisága Magyarországon is növekvő tendenciát mutat, így a prevenció lehetőségeinek feltárása itthon is aktuális és fontos népegészségügyi feladat. A primer prevenció az életmód, a táplálkozás tudatos alakításán keresztül ad esélyt a szembetegségek kialakulásának megakadályozására, progressziójának lassítására. A szekunder prevenció az életkornak és a rizikócsoportoknak megfelelő szűrővizsgálatok révén segíti a korai diagnózis felállítását, és ezáltal a mielőbbi adekvát kezelés elindítását. A tercier prevenció lényege pedig a látásukban már sérült emberek rehabilitációja, életminőségének és társadalmi megítélésének javítása. Mindhárom szinten számos lehetőség áll rendelkezésünkre, melyek segítségével a szemészeti ellátásra nehezedő teher hatékonyan mérsékelhető a mindennapi gyakorlatban.

BACKGROUND:Medical students are more likely to have various physical and psychological issues, but less information is available about the healthcare-seeking behaviour for physical and mental health issues. The aim of this study is to determine the factors affecting medical students' healthcare-seeking when visiting a general practitioner (GP) and/or psychologist.METHODS:688 medical students (326 International and 362 Hungarian,) participated in a cross-sectional study. The information was gathered using a self-administered online questionnaire and covered socio-demographic background, health behaviour, general and mental health status and healthcare-seeking. For analysing adjusted associations, multivariable logistic regression models were used.RESULTS:Overall, 56.8% of medical students visit the GP; and 17.2%, the psychologist. Hungarian medical students visited the GP with chronic diseases, International medical students were more likely to visit a GP when they encountered sexual activity and had chronic diseases. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between sex, alcohol consumption, and perceived stress in the total sample of psychologist visits. When Hungarian medical students were in their clinical years and had a poor self-rated mental health, they were more likely to visit a psychologist. Whereas female international medical students and those who had poor self-rated mental health were more likely to seek psychological help.CONCLUSION:Students visit a GP and/or psychologist is associated with a variety of factors, including socio-demographic background, health behaviours, and health issues. Medical schools should encourage help-seeking behaviours and early disclosure of medical students. Their ability to grasp healthcare attitudes and designing treatments will be important for both their academic success and future profession.

Abstract Background Adequate level of health literacy (HL) is an important factor in pregnancy. Low HL may increase the risk of maternal and fetal complications (e.g., gestational diabetes mellitus, low birth weight). This study aimed to measure the levels of maternal HL and its associations with the consumption of folic acid (FoA), vitamin D (VD), and omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) during pregnancy in Hungarian women. Methods The questionnaire-based study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Szeged among women who gave birth between June and September 2023 (N = 294). Sociodemographic, lifestyle, conception and pregnancy related questions were asked. HL was measured by the Maternal Health Literacy Inventory in Pregnancy (MHELIP) questionnaire (after the Hungarian adaptation); it contains 48 items representing four subscales (maternal health knowledge, search for maternal health information, assessment of maternal health information, and maternal health decision making and behavior). Data analysis was performed by SPSS 29.0. (Ethical permission: 5351) Results The mean age of women was 31.53 +-4.75 years. During pregnancy 84.5% of women consumed FoA, 61.8% VD and 41.8% omega-3 FAs. The total mean score of MHELIP on a scale 0-100 was 78.93 (95%CI: 77.77-80.08); the score of “search for maternal health information” subscale was the lowest [57.68 (95%CI: 56.20-59.16)], and the score of “maternal health decision making and behavior” was the highest [86.75 (95%CI: 85.62-87.87)]. Omega-3 FAs and VD consumption was significantly higher in women with higher total and subscales mean scores (except “search for maternal health information”), while FoA consumption was significant in case of “assessment of maternal health information”. (The results are preliminary.) Conclusions The association between micronutrient consumption and HL supports that using this tool during pregnancy the mothers who needs more support and health information can be identified. Key messages • The Maternal Health Literacy Inventory in Pregnancy questionnaire is a reliable tool for measuring health literacy in Hungarian pregnant women. • Maternal health literacy plays an important role in the healthier lifestyle, including prenatal vitamin/micronutrient consumption.

A project has been launched for the development of a laser-based neutron source with the few-cycle lasers available at ELI ALPS. Here we show the first experiments, when deuterons were accelerated from ultrathin deuterated foils at 1 Hz repetition rate with the use of 12 fs, 21 mJ laser pulses. The energy spectra of the accelerated deuterons were measured with Thomson ion spectrometers both in forward and backward directions. The accelerated deuterons induced 2H + 2H fusion reaction in a deuterated polyethylene disk. The resulting fast neutrons were measured with a time-of-flight (ToF) detector system, within which each detector consisted of a plastic scintillator and a photomultiplier, at four different angles relative to the normal of the neutron converter disk. We found good agreement with the simulated angular distribution and energy spectra. Here, we also present preparations for the next phases when the repetition rate is increased to 10 Hz. The developed flat liquid jet was demonstrated to accelerate protons over 0.6 MeV cutoff energy with a stability better than 4

Introduction: Knowledge and prejudices of medical students regarding marginalised patient groups can influence their interactions with patients.Objective: The perceptions of medical students from the point of view of which social groups they would be less likely to accept as patients.Method: Medical students of the University of Szeged completed a voluntary, anonymous questionnaire (n = 410) in 2021, which included several groups of questions (sociodemographic characteristics, family background, career choice motivations, shaping of medical identity, future professional plans, working during university; warmth and competence, social distance, own experiences among 19 social groups).Results: Students were least likely to meet abusers, vaccine deniers and prisoners in their future work. Female medical students were more reluctant to meet abusers, while their male counterparts homeless, alcoholic, AIDS and psychi-atric patients, and senior students the vaccine denial group and AIDS patients. Their experiences with different social groups also varied widely. Most of them personally knew Romani people, drug users, psychiatric patients and alcohol-ics. In clinical practice, they encountered Romani people, alcoholics and psychiatric patients the most. During their education, they heard most often about vaccine deniers, alcoholics, Romani people, homeless people, AIDS patients.Discussion: Overall, the students were accepting patients from different social groups. However, their personal and educational experiences behind their prejudices were very diverse.Conclusion: It would be important to strive to meet and get to know different social groups during university studies in behavioural sciences and public health as well as during clinical work, so that students can learn to communicate with them appropriately.

Bevezetés: Az orvostanhallgatók marginalizált csoportokkal kapcsolatos ismeretei, előítéletei befolyásolhatják a betegekkel való kapcsolatukat. Célkitűzés: Az orvostanhallgatók véleményének vizsgálata abból a szempontból, hogy mely társadalmi csoportokat fogadnának el betegként kevésbé. Módszer: A Szegedi Tudományegyetem orvostanhallgatói önkéntes, anonim kérdőívet töltöttek ki 2021-ben (n = 410), mely több kérdéscsoportot tartalmazott (szociodemográfiai jellemzők, családi háttér, pályaválasztási motivációk, orvosi identitás alakulása, jövőbeli szakmai tervek, egyetem alatti munkavégzés, 19 társadalmi csoportra vonatkozóan kedvesség és kompetencia, társadalmi távolság mérése, saját tapasztalatok). Eredmények: A hallgatók a legkevésbé a bántalmazókkal, az oltásellenesekkel és a fogvatartottakkal szeretnének munkájuk során találkozni. Az orvostanhallgató-nők nagyobb arányban utasították el a bántalmazókat, míg férfi társaik inkább a hajléktalanokat, az alkoholistákat, az AIDS-betegeket, illetve a pszichiátriai betegségben szenvedőket, a felsőbb évesek pedig az oltásellenes és az AIDS-betegeket. A hallgatóknak a különböző társadalmi csoportokkal kapcsolatos tapasztalatai is nagyon eltérőek voltak. Személyesen a legtöbben romát, drogfogyasztót, pszichiátriai beteget, alkoholistát ismertek. A klinikai gyakorlatokon a leginkább romákkal, alkoholistákkal és pszichiátriai betegekkel találkoztak. Az oktatás során oltásellenesekről, alkoholistákról, romákról, hajléktalanokról, AIDS-betegekről hallottak a leggyakrabban. Megbeszélés: A hallgatók a különböző társadalmi csoportokba tartozó betegekkel kapcsolatban elfogadók voltak. Az előítéleteik mögött álló személyes, illetve az oktatás során szerzett tapasztalataik azonban nagyon szerteágazóak. Következtetés: Törekedni kell arra, hogy a hallgatók magatartás-tudományi, népegészségtani tanulmányaik alatt és klinikai munkájuk során is találkozzanak a különböző társadalmi csoportokkal, megismerhessék őket, így megtanulhassák a velük való megfelelő kommunikációt. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(48): 1912–1919.

Abstract Background International medical students are more likely to experience mental health issues. In addition to the acculturation challenges, people living with obesity often struggle with mood and anxiety disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between mental health and nutritional status of international medical students, focusing on body mass index (BMI), perceived stress and acculturation. Methods This was a cross-sectional study among international medical students at the University of Szeged, Hungary between April and October 2021. A self-administered survey was used to obtain the data. Questionnaires were asked regarding the perceived stress scale (PSS), the modified Stephenson multigroup acculturation scale (SMAS), BMI, and sociodemographic characteristics. The data were analysed using SPSS 28.0 with a multiple logistic regression model. Results A total of 326 international medical students participated in the study. 49.7% of the students reported poor mental health and 5.2% were underweight and 10.1% were obese. We have found that perceived stress and acculturation were associated with poor mental health after adjusting for covariates. Higher perceived stress was likely to increase poor mental health (OR = 8.50; 95% CI = 3.82 – 8.93, P < 0.001), similar to acculturation where marginalization was more likely to have poor mental health (OR = 6.42; 95% CI = 2.39 – 9.03, P = 0.011). Meanwhile, the association between poor mental health and BMI in total was not significant, but underweight students were less likely to have poor mental health in the multivariable analysis (OR = 0.23; 95% CI = 0.06 – 0.86, P = 0.029). Conclusions The results of the study can be used to advise academic institutions to help international students integrate into the local students and local communities. The arts and other free time activities, and sports could help to alleviate mental conditions including anxiety, depression, and burnout.

Abstract Background Globally, more than 340 million children and adolescents aged 5-19 were overweight or obese in 2016. Obesity in children and poor dietary habits in adulthood are associated with parental feeding practices. This study aimed to characterize the sociodemographic status, lifestyle, and health related factors of mothers associated with child feeding control practices. Methods A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Hungary among 8-13-year-old students and their parents (N = 454). In this analysis only mothers of normal/overweight/obese children were analysed (n = 338). Questions included mothers’ characteristics and their practices in child feeding measured by the Hungarian version of the Child Feeding Questionnaire. It has two main categories: “risk factors and concerns” and “control in child feeding”; we analysed the last one with its three domains (restriction, pressure to eat and monitoring). Factors influencing mothers’ feeding control were analysed by multivariate logistic regression models. Results According to our classification 86.9% of mothers were “monitoring”, 20.0% “pressure to eat”, and 26.9% “restrictive”. Neither of the variables was explored in the regression model of “restrictive” mothers. Mothers of overweight children (79%) and of obese children (89%) were less likely to be “pressure to eat” mothers (p = 0.007, p = 0.036). Women with high education were 2.19 times more likely to be “monitoring” mothers (p = 0.047) than lower educated. Mothers who had hopeless feelings were 94% less likely to be “monitoring” (p = 0.016). Overweight children's mothers were 4.12 times likely to be “monitoring” mothers (p = 0.040) than mothers of normal weighted children. Conclusions In our analysis predicting factors of child feeding were educational level and mental health of mothers and nutritional status of children. Improved education, self-efficacy and mental status are important public health issues from the point of the promotion of healthy nutrition. Key messages • Parents, especially mothers can significantly influence children’s eating experiences, so the evaluation of mothers’ feeding control may be used in the formulation of obesity prevention in children. • The mothers’ feeding strategy and their ideas about child feeding are determined by many factors which can be modified by the promotion of their education and health way of life.