解剖制作瓢甲雄性外生殖器样本,观察了盔唇瓢虫属、 食植瓢虫属、 整臀瓢虫属、黄菌瓢虫属、 褐菌瓢虫属、 异斑瓢虫属、 异色瓢虫属、 小巧瓢虫属、 宽柄月瓢虫属、 盘瓢虫属10个属的16种瓢甲的雄性外生殖器的特征.结果表明,瓢甲的雄性外生殖器,尤其是弯管、 侧叶、 中叶等结构的形态特征在种、 属间具有明显差异,瓢甲的雄性外生殖器形态多样、 结构复杂,具有明显的种间差异,可作为物种鉴定,特别是区分近似种的重要依据.

甘肃农业大学馆藏昆虫标本依托于植物保护学院,标本主要来源于甘肃及周边的宁夏、陕西,还有一小部分来自云南,从其收藏的1300余号瓢甲科昆虫标本中鉴定出35属92种,列出了种类名录及国内分布,其中闪蓝唇瓢虫Chilocorus hauseri Weise、狭臀瓢虫Coccinella transversalis Fabricius为甘肃省新记录种.

增补甘肃民勤连古城国家级自然保护区昆虫名录95种,分别是蜻蜓目2科5属7种、鞘翅目13科28属32种、半翅目2科4属5种,膜翅目4科10属10种、革翅目1科1属1种、鳞翅目9科16属19种,直翅目5科6属7种,双翅目1科5属9种,脉翅目1科5属5种.其中,巨短胸步甲、扁胸漠甲为甘肃省新记录种.

实验室开放是高校实验教学改革的必然要求，在开放运行与管理体系建立的实践过程中，提出了端正管理理念，健全和完善管理制度，建立实验室多层次开放模式，注重统筹建设与科学管理的思想，以期在不断的改进和完善过程中，把植物保护实验教学中心发展成为具有一定学术水平、实验水平的实验研究基地、学术活动中心和高层次人才培养基地，促进学校的教学、科研，培养更多高素质创新人才。

研究了土壤无脊椎动物对土壤重金属污染程度的响应.群落多样性指数随土壤重金属污染程度的加重而降低,井灌田、荒草田、黄灌田的群落多样性最高,而长期污灌田的群落多样性最低.重金属污染田土壤无脊椎动物的优势类群是蜱螨目和弹尾目,两类无脊椎动物具有较强的耐污染能力.在同一季节土壤无脊椎动物的种群数量主要受土壤污染程度的影响,污染程度越高其种群数量越低.不同季节间土壤无脊椎动物的数量存在极显著差异,不同污染程度的农田总群落、弹尾目和蜱螨目的个体数量均以7月为最多,10月次之,4月最少.

Experiment was conducted to study the effects of heavy metal pollution,organic content,physical and chemical properties on invertebrate community in soil.A negative correlation was found between soil heavy metal pollution and soil invertebrate community diversity,the individual numbers of species.Different regression model was constructed in soil heavy metal comprehensive pollution index,Cu pollution index,As pollution index and Simpson community diversity index,McIntosh diversity index,Acarina and Collembola population.Show that soil invertebrate community diversity index and population can be instructed to soil heavy metal pollution level.

In order to understand the pathogenic mechanism of the black rot leaf diseases of sainfoin(Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop.),diseases were investigated from field specimens obtained in Lanzhou,Dingxi district of Gansu provinces.The pathogen was identified by isolating cultures with separation and purification,and pathogenicity tests.Separation of the pathogenic toxins was incubated in PSK culture medium by ethyl acetate extraction,and toxin activities were tested by biological assay.Pure toxin specimens were obtained by concentration and purification from crude toxin.The chemical structures of toxin components were determined by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer(HP6890-5973I).Results show that the black rot disease of sainfoin was caused by the fungus Alternaria tenuis.The crude toxin of the pathogen show strong virulence to seminal root elongation,leaves in vitro and leaf disks of sainfoin.The main chemical structure of the toxin component is acetic acid 2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl ester.The molecular formula is C6H7NO4,and the relative content is 67.02%.

The pest on Medicago sativa in Gansu Province was investigated and the result indicated that there were 184 species belonging to 42 families of 7 orders.In which,83 species were from Lepidoptera,56 species from Coleoptera,20 species from Hemiptera,10 species from Homoptera,9 species from Orthoptera,4 species from Thysanoptera and 2 species from Hymenoptera.The Chinese names,scientific names and main distribution regions of these pests were introduced.

Biological characteristics of Porthesia similis on Polygonum aubertii were studied by incubation and investigation in Lanzhou.The results showed that P.similis had two generations each year and overwinters as larva.The eggs were laid on the back of the leaves and to be hatched within 5~8 days.The larva generally had five instars and usually fed on the tender leaves of fallopia aubertii.When the larva became mature,the larva cocooning and pupate on the back of leaves,the gap of trunk or on the ground.The pupal stage lasted 7~12 days.At night the adult mates and after 2 or 3 days of emergency it laid eggs.A female P.similis laid 153~529 eggs.The developmental threshold temperatures of the eggs,the larva,the pupa and preoviposition period was(12.559±2.24)℃,(7.155±1.80)℃,(6.649±0.83)℃ and(3.727±1.72)℃,respectively.The effective accumulated temperature was(73.62±3.75),(691.18±15.24),(114.78±11.36) and(42.51±5.00) d/℃,respectively.The developmental threshold temperature and the effective accumulated temperature of the whole generation were(17.384±0.95)℃ and(1 190.73±26.18)d/℃.

The vegetation on abandoned farmland in the Loess Plateau of China evolved in succession from Agriophyllum arenarium community to Lespedez adavurica community,simultaneously,the soil invertebrate community changed from simply to complex.The species of soil invertebrate changed from 14(1 year after restored)to 28(7 years after restored),and the dominant soil invertebrate in abandoned farmland are Nematodes,Acarina,Tenebrionidae,Curculionidae,Cudnidae and Scarabaeoidae.The biodiversity of soil invertebrate is positively correlated to the restoration duration.More soil invertebrate species was recruited at the initial stage of restoration;the succession of soil invertebrate dependes on vegetation and soil water.

The entomopathogenic fungi,Emericella quadrilineata Dh strain,were isolated from the dead body of larva of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff collected in field.The symptom and changes of protective enzymes activities of Aproaerema anthylidella Hubner larva infected by E.quadrilineata Dh strain were assayed.The results indicate that the correction death rate of the larvae was 88.38% when inoculated with the conidial suspension of Dh strain at the treating concentration of 5×107 spores / mL.The surface of cortices of the larva infected by Dh strain was black with lots of hyphae and conidia of the fungi on the epiderm of the illness larva after moist incubation.The POD and CAT activities of the larvae infected by Dh strain were significantly lower at the beginning and afterward higher than that of the control,but the speed of POD activity ascended relatively faster than that of CAT,and the SOD activity of the larvae went up smoothly in comparison to control.Generally,the activities of the above three preservative enzymes of the A.anthylidella worm infected E.quadrilineata Dh strain showed a rising trend along with the time proceeding.

利用四脊裸孢壳Dh菌株不同浓度的分生孢子悬浮液处理钩麦蛾幼虫和菜青虫,进行室内毒力测定,分析Dh菌对钩麦蛾和菜青虫幼虫的作用。结果表明:Dh菌1×106、5×106、1×107、5×107个/mL和1×108个/mL 5种浓度分生孢子悬浮液对钩麦蛾和菜青虫幼虫均有致病力,致死中浓度钩麦蛾幼虫为4.426×106个/mL,菜青虫为1.279×107个/mL。

Based on investigation and laboratory test of the field soil quality in the sewage irrigation area and the Yellow River irrigation area in Baiyin city,the influences of sewage irrigation on the field soil quatity were analyzed.The results showed that those harmful substances,such as Cr,Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,As,Hg,F etc,had exceed the content limit of the national standard and the tendency has been increasing year by year.In addition,the countermeasures for sewage irrigation control and polluted soil improvement have been preliminarily discussed.

The genital structures of two species of Nitidulidae attacking spring rape, Strongllodes variegates (Faimaire) and Meligethes aeneus Fabricius, were compared. Their ovipositor structures are much different and there by, cause different damaging severity by oviposition. The male genital structure is also different, which can be used in the identification of the two species.

Iwao's law, Taylor's law and 5 kinds of gathering quotas were applied to analyze the distribution patterns of mixed populations of beet weevil larva, which belong to the genus Bothynoderus Schoenherr, in the field of the Hexi corridor, in Gansu Province. The results indicated that the distribution of the beet weevil larva population in field is aggregated. The basic composition of distribution is the individual crowd, and the degree of gathering of basic composition will become larger while the population density enlarges. Finally, the calculation formula of theory sampling number were built on the basis of Iwao's law.

随着化学杀虫剂引起的害虫抗药性和农药残留、污染农产品及环境等问题的日益突出,植物质杀虫剂的开发研究已越来越受到世界各国的广泛关注.苦豆子和铁棒锤广泛分布于我国西北各省区,为了探索其提取物对害虫的控制作用以及田间应用提供依据,笔者对苦豆子和铁棒锤提取物对苜蓿蚜和二斑叶螨的毒力进行了测定.

课程体系、教学内容、授课方式、实践课教学是影响植物保护专业昆虫学科的教学体系的重要因素,经过系统改革,建立了完整的昆虫学科教学体系.实践证明,该教学体系及时反映了本学科的主要科技成果,具备了该学科体系的系统性、完整性,突出了应用学科的地方特色,较好地解决了教学与生产实际脱节的问题.

从教材内容、教学方式、实践课教学、考试评分等方面探讨了植物保护专业<普通昆虫学>课程的教学内容和方法,经多年的教学实践证明,该教学内容和方法能及时反映本学科的最新科技成果,较好地解决理论与实践之间脱节的问题.

在甘肃临夏县调查发现,春季油菜蚤跳甲的越冬成虫可潜藏在杨树的老翘皮下、地边土缝及田间表土中蛰伏.田间为害春油菜幼苗的成虫量随当时的气温而变化.田间成虫数量的调查结果往往不能代表实际的危害状况.通过对被害苗的详细调查归类,本文提出了油菜蚤跳甲为害的分级标准,建议以被害指数来表示该虫的危害程度,以便在综合防治中能准确的表示虫情.

毒力测定结果表明 ,苦豆子和乌头生物碱对桃蚜都有较高的毒力 ,两者的致死中浓度分别为 12 7 72 μg/ g和 16 1 2 5 μg/g。田间防治试验表明 ,两种生物碱在 6 0 0 μg/ g和 30 0 μg/g下对桃蚜均有良好的控制作用 ,它们的校正虫口减退率防治后 2d在 84%～ 89% ,防后 3d达 89%～ 95 %。