Cationic antimicrobial peptides are ancient natural broad‐spectrum antibiotics, and several compounds also exhibit anticancer activity. However, most applications pertain to bacterial infections, and treatment for skin cancer is less frequently considered. The cytotoxicity of melittin, cecropin A, protegrin‐1 and histatin 5 against squamous skin cancer cell lines and normal human keratinocytes was evaluated and compared to established drugs. The results show that melittin clearly outperforms 5‐fluorouracil regarding antitumor activity. Importantly, combined melittin and 5‐fluorouracil enhanced cytotoxic effects on cancer cells and reduced toxicity on normal keratinocytes. Additionally, minimum inhibitory concentrations indicate that melittin also shows superior activity against clinical and laboratory strains of Candida albicans compared to amphotericin B. To evaluate its potential for topical applications, human skin penetration of melittin was investigated ex vivo and compared to two non‐toxic cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs), low molecular weight protamine (LMWP) and penetratin. The stratum corneum prevents penetration into viable epidermis over 6 h; however, the peptides gain access to the viable skin after 24 h. Inhibition of digestive enzymes during skin penetration significantly enhances the availability of intact peptide. In conclusion, melittin may represent an innovative agent for non‐melanoma skin cancer and infectious skin diseases. In order to develop a drug candidate, skin absorption and proteolytic digestion by skin enzymes need to be addressed.

Hintergrund: Im Jahr 2008 wurde in Deutschland das Hautkrebs-Screening in die gesetzlichen Gesundheitsleistungen für Personen ≥35 Jahre aufgenommen. Bisher nehmen 95% der ca. 3500 niedergelassenen Dermatologen an diesem Programm teil, das von den gesetzlichen Krankenkassen finanziert wird. Ziel: Bewertung des deutschen Hautkrebs-Screenings aus der Sicht der Dermatologen. Methoden: Seit 2009 wurden an rund 2000 Dermatologen landesweit einmal jährlich standardisierte Fragebögen verschickt, in denen es um die jeweiligen Patienten, Screenings und Behandlungen sowie um die persönlichen Erfahrungen und Einstellungen der Dermatologen beim Hautkrebs-Screening geht. Für die Jahre 2009, 2010 und 2011 wurde eine deskriptive Datenanalyse durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: In den Jahren 2009, 2010 bzw. 2011 führten Dermatologen 1380, 1364 bzw. 1348 Screenings mit einem durchschnittlichen Honorar von 21,50, 22,10 bzw. 21,93 EUR durch. 32,9, 46,6 bzw. 53,3% der Dermatologen waren mit dem Hautkrebs-Screening ziemlich bzw. sehr zufrieden, und eine steigende Anzahl an Dermatologen (69,4, 80,0 bzw. 83,1%) stellte eine bessere Qualität der Gesundheitsversorgung bei Hautkrebs seit 2008 fest. Schlussfolgerung: Das Hautkrebs-Screening wird von deutschen Dermatologen weithin akzeptiert und zunehmend häufiger durchgeführt.

Hintergrund: Demodex-Milben sind an verschiedenen Hautkrankheiten beteiligt und werden im Allgemeinen mittels Schabetest oder oberflächlichen Hautbiopsien nachgewiesen. Eine neue hochauflösende optische Kohärenztomographie (HD-OCT) mit hoher lateraler und axialer Auflösung in einem horizontalen (en-face) und vertikalen (slice) Bildgebungsmodus könnte die Möglichkeit einer nichtinvasiven und schnellen In-vivo-Untersuchung auf Demodex-Milben bieten. Methoden: 20 Patienten mit Demodex-bedingten Hautkrankheiten und 20 nach Alter und Geschlecht vergleichbare Kontrollen wurden mittels HD-OCT untersucht. Die Milben pro Haarfollikel und Haarfollikel pro Gesichtsfeld wurden gezählt und mit den Ergebnissen des Schabetests verglichen. Ergebnisse: In den HD-OCT-Bildern erschienen die Milben als helle runde Flecken, die in Gruppen von 3-5 Milben pro Haarfollikel angeordnet waren. Bei den Patienten mit Demodex-bedingter Hauterkrankung war eine mittlere Anzahl von 3,4 Milben pro Follikel nachweisbar bei einer mittleren Anzahl von 2,9 befallenen Follikeln pro Gesichtsfeld gegenüber einer mittleren Anzahl von 0,6 Milben in 0,4 befallenen Follikeln bei den Kontrollen. Der Schabetest war bei 21% der Patienten negativ. Schlussfolgerung: Die innovative HD-OCT ermöglicht einen schnellen und nichtinvasiven In-vivo-Nachweis von Demodex-Milben und könnte zu einem wichtigen Hilfsmittel in der Diagnose und Behandlungskontrolle von Demodex-bedingten Hauterkrankungen werden.

Hintergrund: Zur Wirksamkeit der Corticosteroid-Pulstherapie bei Alopecia areata (AA) liegen nur wenige Daten vor. Ziel: Mit dieser Studie sollten die Langzeitergebnisse von Patienten unter Methylprednisolon-Bolustherapie untersucht werden. Methoden: In diese Studie wurden 60 Patienten eingeschlossen, die zwischen 1995 und 2000 eine Behandlung erhalten hatten. Die Kurzzeitergebnisse wurden im Jahr 2000 analysiert. Die Untersuchung der Langzeitergebnisse von 30 Patienten erfolgte 2010 mithilfe eines telefonischen Fragebogens. Ergebnisse: Bei 10/30 Patienten war 6 Monate nach der Bolusgabe ein signifikantes Haarwachstum zu beobachten. Die Hälfte der Patienten mit multifokaler AA hatte nach 6 Monaten auf die Therapie angesprochen, aber weniger als ein Viertel der Patienten mit Alopecia totalis (AT) und Alopecia universalis (AU) waren Responder. Die Untersuchung der Langzeitergebnisse erfolgte nach durchschnittlich 12,3 Jahren; 8/10 der initialen Responder hatten eine leichte oder keine Erkrankung und 14/20 initialen Non-Responder litten an schwerer AA. Schlussfolgerungen: Diese Studie bestätigte die geringe kurz- und langfristige Wirksamkeit dieser Behandlung bei AT und AU.

Hintergrund: Psoriasis vulgaris (PV) ist mit einer niedriggradigen systemischen Entzündung verbunden. Ziel: Die Serummuster von Zytokinen und Wachstumsfaktoren wurden bei Patienten mit PV und allergischer Kontaktdermatitis (ACD) sowie bei gesunden Probanden untersucht, um systemische Entzündungsreaktionen bei diesen Erkrankungen zu beschreiben und zu vergleichen. Methoden: Insgesamt 12 entzündungssensitive Biomarker wurden mit Hilfe der Evidence Investigator™ Biochip-Technologie gleichzeitig analysiert. Ergebnisse: Bei PV waren der proinflammatorische Tumornekrosefaktor-α (TNF-α), Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), die Interleukine IL-1β, -2, -6, -8 und das Monozyten-Chemotaktische Protein-1 (MCP-1) erhöht. Bei ACD waren 2 Marker (TNF-α und MCP-1) erhöht und das regulatorische Zytokin IL-10 wies einen niedrigeren Wert auf. Das proinflammatorische IL-2 hatte bei PV und ACD die stärksten Korrelationen mit anderen pro- bzw. antiinflammatorischen Zytokinen, während IL-6 positiv mit dem Psoriasis Area and Severity Index korrelierte. Die Konzentrationen der Wachstumsfaktoren korrelierten mit MCP-1, jedoch nur bei PV. Schlussfolgerung: Obwohl PV eine vielfältigere proinflammatorische systemische Reaktion induziert, ist auch ACD mit einem systemischen Anstieg von Entzündungsmediatoren verbunden.

Hintergrund: Condylomata acuminata (CA) wird vom humanen Papillomavirus verursacht. Die meisten herkommlichen Therapien fur CA sind mit einer hohen Rezidivrate ve

Hintergrund: Es wurde gezeigt, dass niederfrequenter Ultraschall eine Alternative zum chirurgischen Wunddébridement (WD) ist und die Wundheilung stimuliert; allerdings liegen hierzu nur wenige Daten vor. Ziel: Vergleich von Wirksamkeit, Verträglichkeit und Nutzen der beiden Wundbehandlungsmethoden. Methoden: Monozentrische, prospektive, randomisierte, kontrollierte klinische Studie zur Beurteilung der von den Patienten berichteten Behandlungsergebnisse und der klinischen Wirksamkeit der ultraschallgestützten Wundreinigung (UAW) im Vergleich zum WD. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt wurden 67 Patienten behandelt. Beide Behandlungen zeigten gute Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit: 88% der UAW-Patienten und 85,2% der WD-Patienten berichteten einen mehr als geringfügigen Nutzen. Die Lebensqualität besserte sich signifikant. In beiden Gruppen kam es zu einer Besserung des Wundstatus und zu einem Rückgang der Schmerzen. Schlussfolgerung: Im Vergleich zum Goldstandard (WD) zeigt die UAW die gleiche hohe Wirksamkeit, einen ähnlichen Patientennutzen und eine verbesserte Lebensqualität. Beide Verfahren sind für die äußerst nutzbringende leitlinienbasierte Behandlung chronischer Wunden gleichermaßen geeignet.

Hintergrund: Die photodynamische Therapie (PDT) stellt eine optimale Behandlung für das Basalzellkarzinom (BCC) dar. Die konfokale Reflexionsmikroskopie (RCM; reflectance confocal microscopy) ist ein nichtinvasives Bildgebungsverfahren, das in der Hautonkologie und zur Diagnose des BCC eingesetzt wird. Darüber hinaus ist die RCM ein nützliches Instrument, um die Wirksamkeit nichtinvasiver Behandlungen bei Nicht-Melanom-Hautkrebs zu beurteilen. Ziel: Unser Ziel war es, die Rolle der RCM bei der Beurteilung der Wirksamkeit der PDT bei der BCC-Behandlung zu untersuchen und die Hautveränderungen nach der PDT zu bewerten. Methoden: 10 Patienten mit 12 BCCs wurden mit PDT behandelt. Dermoskopie und RCM-Bildgebung wurden zu Studienbeginn sowie 7 Tage (T1), 30 Tage und 18 Monate nach der PDT durchgeführt. Eine zytologische Untersuchung erfolgte zu Studienbeginn und bei persistenten BCC. Ergebnisse: An T1 zeigte die RCM, dass in der Epidermis mehrere dendritisch geformte Zellen vorhanden waren, die aktivierten Langerhans-Zellen entsprachen. Nach 1 Monat zeigte die RCM zwei persistente BCCs, die bei der klinischen und dermoskopischen Diagnose nicht aufgefallen waren. Beim Langzeit-Follow-up wies keiner der Tumoren Anzeichen von Persistenz oder Rezidiv auf. Schlussfolgerung: Die RCM ist ein wertvolles nichtinvasives Instrument zur Diagnose und Überwachung der Behandlung des BCC mit Hilfe der PDT.

Glucocorticoids have remained one of the most frequently used classes of drugs for the treatment of skin diseases since their introduction more than 50 years ago. As a result of the discovery of new members of the nuclear hormone receptor (NR) superfamily, alternative therapeutic interventions that target retinoid and vitamin D receptors have been developed. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) comprise another important NR subfamily, consisting of three different isotypes: PPARα, PPARδ (PPARβ) and PPARγ. These NRs are activated by a variety of natural and synthetic ligands such as fatty acids, eicosanoids, and antidiabetic and antihyperlipidaemic agents. While these receptors are established as regulators of gene expression in lipid and glucose homeostasis, evidence is now accumulating that PPARs also play a crucial role in cutaneous biology. Results from in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated the involvement of PPARs in epidermal maturation, proliferation and differentiation, as well as in immune and inflammatory responses, carcinogenesis, hyperpigmentation and skin wound healing. Furthermore, treatment of psoriatic patients with PPARγ activators (thiazolidinediones) has been shown to induce beneficial effects. However, the effects of PPAR ligands should be carefully evaluated to determine whether they are in fact mediated via PPAR-dependent mechanisms. Nonetheless, PPARs seem to have significant potential as therapeutic targets in skin inflammatory disorders.

Cowpox virus infection of humans is an uncommon, potentially fatal, skin disease. It is largely confined to Europe, but is not found in Eire, or in the USA, Australasia, or the Middle or Far East. Patients having contact with infected cows, cats, or small rodents sporadically contract the disease from these animals. We report here clinical aspects of 8 patients from the Munich area who had purchased infected pet rats from a local supplier. Pet rats are a novel potential source of local outbreaks. The morphologically distinctive skin lesions are mostly restricted to the patients' necks, reflecting the infected animals' contact pattern. Individual lesions vaguely resemble orf or Milker's nodule, but show marked surrounding erythema, firm induration and local adenopathy. Older lesions develop eschar, leaving slow-healing, deep ulcerative defects after eschar separation. Severe flu-like illness may be present in the acute phase. Smallpox-vaccinated patients tend to develop less severe reactions and heal more quickly. The differential diagnosis may include other localized orthopoxvirus infections, herpes simplex, bacterial infection, anthrax, foreign body granuloma, and primary tuberculosis. Dermatologists should be aware of the diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms for handling this disease.

Background: pH is known as an important parameter in epidermal barrier function and homeostasis. Aim: The impact of age and body site on skin surface pH (pHSS) of women was evaluated in vivo. Methods: Time domain dual lifetime referencing with luminescent sensor foils was used for pHSS measurements. pHSS was measured on the forehead, the temple, and the volar forearm of adult females (n = 97, 52.87 ± 18.58 years, 20–97 years). Every single measurement contained 2,500 pH values due to the luminescence imaging technique used. Results: pHSS slightly increases with age on all three investigated body sites. There are no significant differences in pHSS between the three investigated body sites. Conclusion: Adult pHSS on the forehead, the temple and the volar forearm increases slightly with age. This knowledge is crucial for adapting medical skin care products.

s can be submitted for: • Oral presentation only • Poster presentation only • Oral or poster presentation Secretariat: Xianyong Yin (Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China) Tel.: 86-551-5138576 (F) Email: xianyongyin@gmail.com More Information available at www.cmacsd.org/wcg2012. Philippine Dermatological Society Linkages, conventions and the regional conference of dermatology 2012 The Philippine Dermatological Society (PDS), in cooperation with the Women’s Dermatologic Society (WDS), held its 35th PDS Annual Convention last May 19 and 20, 2011 at the Crowne Plaza Galleria Manila in Quezon City, Philippines. The theme, ‘Dermatology Focus: Woman and Child’, was very relevant for the Philippine setting, women being the majority of dermatology patients in the clinics. The collaboration was a success with 931 attendees, mostly members of the PDS, and a delegation of 90 participants coming from India. A total of 20 lectures were given by the nine WDS representatives consisting of Profs. Wilma Bergfeld, Jean Bolognia, Suzanne Connolly, Marcia Ramose-Silva, Dedee Murrell, Suzanne Olbricht, George Reizner, and Drs. Christine Poblete-Lopez and Wendy Roberts; and accomplished Philippine lecturers, Drs. Evangeline Handog, Arnelfa Paliza, Emily Soriano and Agnes Thaebtharm. The convention was an enriching one, with a wide range of topics presented, from the controversy of in-offi ce dispensing, childhood dermatoses, updates on acne, drugs in pregnancy, polycystic ovarian syndrome in dermatology, toxic erythema of chemotherapy, and skin malignancies in women, to the ever popular cosmetics subjects like topical skin rejuvenation and hand rejuvenation in the elderly. This joint activity of the PDS and the WDS was truly memorable, highlighting the value of international cooperation and academic exchange. In the same light, the Philippine Dermatological Society will host the 20th Regional Conference of Dermatology (Asian-Australasian) on February 20–23, 2012 with the theme ‘Emerging Concepts and Paradigm Shifts in Dermatology’. This biennial conference is a meeting among dermatologists in the AsiaPacifi c region, and counterparts from all over the world. It promises to be a lively forum for academic and clinical interchange of ideas and viewpoints on various topics in Medical Dermatology, Pediatric Dermatology, Lasers and Light, and Procedural Dermatology. Speakers from the US, Europe and Asia will be featured. For more information, please visit the Regional Conference of Dermatology website at: www.rcd2012.com ILDS Certifi cate of Appreciation Professor Tran Hau Khang Report on Vietnam from Professor Hee Chul Eun Certifi cate of Appreciation to Professor Tran Hau Khang Professor Tran Hau Khang is the Director of the National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology in Hanoi, Vietnam and also Chairman of Vietnamese Society of Dermatology. He is not only a leading dermatologist in Vietnam and also has contributed much to the regional development of dermatology. On December 16th, 2011 a Certifi cate of Appreciation of the ILDS was awarded to him at the Dermatological Scientifi c Meeting held in National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology in Hanoi (see related photograph). It was a great pleasure to participate the ceremony and to perform this important mission on behalf of ILDS. Nearly 230 people were attended at the meeting and it was the fi rst occasion that a Vietnamese dermatologist received this important award. Therefore, everyone congratulated Professor Khang sincerely at the ceremony. During this occasion, I had a chance to communicate with several Vietnamese dermatologists and would like to briefl y introduce about Vietnam as well as Vietnamese Society of Dermatology including the National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology where Professor Khang works. Professor Tran Hau Khang on the left with Professor Hee Chul Eun General information about Vietnam Vietnam is located in Southeast Asia, with a total area of approximately 331’210 km. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea – to the east. The land is mostly hilly and densely forested, with fi eld covering no more than 20%. Geographically, it is composed of 3 regions: North, Centre and South. While Ha noi is the capital city and it is also the administrative center. Ho Chi Minh City (former Saigon) in the South is an economic center. The population is approximately 85.8 million in 2010, of which the Viet or Kinh ethnic groups occupy over 85% of the whole population Historically, Vietnam has been an agricultural society with predominantly rice cultivation. However, thanks to the economic reform since 1986, private ownership has been encouraged by the government in industries and commercial sectors in addition to agricultural fi eld. And several new industrial zones have been opened recently. The GDP in 1990s was achieved around 8% in annual average and it had been fl ourishing continuously at an annual rate of growth around 7% between 2000 and 2005, and 6.8% in 2010, which suggests that Vietnam is a nation with one of the world’s fastest growing economies. Medical training There are 11 medical faculties or universities in all over Vietnam and about 4’000 new doctors are coming out per year. To be a dermatologist, doctors have to study at least one year for training in dermatology after 6 years under graduate medical education. The Vietnamese Society of Dermatology The Vietnamese Society of Dermatology was founded on the 6th September 1961 under the umbrella of Vietnam General Medical Association. Since 2009, the society has become formally a member of the ILDS with more than 600 members from 63 provinces throughout Vietnam. Important Activities in Dermatology There are several annual dermatological related activities as follows. • Organizing the dermatological meetings every three months • Annual scientifi c conference in dermatology • Skin forum every two months • Training course in dermatology for practitioners • The Vietnamese Journal of Dermatology is published every 3 months and the active editor-in-chief is Professor Tran Hau Khang The National Hospital of Dermatology and Venerology From 1982 to 2009, The National Institute of Dermatology and Venereology has contributed much for the development of Dermatology in Vietnam and it was based on the Dermatological Department of Bach Mai Hospital. From 2009, the National Institute of Dermatology and Venereology renamed as the National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology (NHDV) Major Missions of the NHDV The major missions of the NHDV are as follows. • The NHDV is a dermatological referral center with 100 beds and approximately 1’000 dermatology out-patients visiting per day from Hanoi or even more remote areas of Vietnam. Out of a total of 210 medical staff 65 are dermatologists. Half of the dermatologists were trained abroad in countries such as Thailand, Japan, France and the USA. • Research activities involving dermatology and venereology • Training staff specialized in dermatology and venereology • Health education on dermatology and venereology • Technical guidance concerning the elimination of leprosy and sexually transmitted infections as well as the care of skin diseases in Vietnam. Although it was a very short stay in Hanoi, I can sense that Vietnam is changing rapidly in a certain direction. It seems to be true that many Asian nations enthusiastically follow a similar track such as South Korea has pursued for the past 50 years: from a traditional agricultural society through a rapid industrialization and fi nally to a high-tech society. What ever the end result may be, it will be very exciting and also challenging not only to Vietnamese dermatologists but also to all the Vietnamese. Hee Chul Eun, Professor Department of Dermatology Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Board Member of the International League of Dermatological Societies Rosemarie Moser (2010) and Angelika Stary (2011) having been presented with their ILDS Certifi cates of Appreciation in Linz, Austria, November, 2011. The Certifi cates were presented by Klaus Wolff on behalf of the ILDS. l. to r. Josef Auböck, President of the Austrian Society of Dermatology, Angelika Stary, Rosemarie Moser and Klaus Wolff . Dr Rosemarie Moser Professor Angelika Stary

BACKGROUNDDue to its strong water-binding potential, hyaluronic acid (HA) is a well-known active ingredient for cosmetic applications. Native HA is proposed to help the skin to retain and maintain elasticity, turgor and moisture.OBJECTIVETo observe the efficacy of topical application of 0.1% hyaluronan formulations of different molecular weights (MW) (50, 130, 300, 800 and 2000 kDa, respectively) in the periocular area as anti-wrinkle treatment.MATERIAL AND METHODSSeventy-six female subjects between 30 and 60 years of age with clinical signs of periocular wrinkles applied one of the formulations twice-daily to the area of interest in a randomized fashion for 60 days. Around the other eye, a vehicle control cream was applied. Measurements of skin hydration and skin elasticity were performed before treatment, 30 and 60 days thereafter. At similar time points negative replicas were taken and evaluated by semi-automated morphometry.RESULTSAll HA-based creams utilized in this study demonstrated a significant improvement in skin hydration and overall elasticity values (R2) when compared to placebo. Measurements of wrinkle depth using mean roughness (Ra) and maximum roughness (Rz) values revealed significant improvement in the 130 and the 50 kDa HA group after 60 days of treatment compared to placebo-treated area.CONCLUSIONTopical application of all 0.1% HA formulations used in this study led to significant improvement in skin hydration and elasticity. Application of low-molecular-weight (LMW) HA was associated with significant reduction of wrinkle depth, which may be due to better penetration abilities of LMW HA.

Background Chitin, after cellulose the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature, is an essential component of exoskeletons of crabs, shrimps and insects and protects these organisms from harsh conditions in their environment. Unexpectedly, chitin has been found to activate innate immune cells and to elicit murine airway inflammation. The skin represents the outer barrier of the human host defense and is in frequent contact with chitin-bearing organisms, such as house-dust mites or flies. The effects of chitin on keratinocytes, however, are poorly understood. Methodology/Principal Findings We hypothesized that chitin stimulates keratinocytes and thereby modulates the innate immune response of the skin. Here we show that chitin is bioactive on primary and immortalized keratinocytes by triggering production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Chitin stimulation further induced the expression of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) TLR4 on keratinocytes at mRNA and protein level. Chitin-induced effects were mainly abrogated when TLR2 was blocked, suggesting that TLR2 senses chitin on keratinocytes. Conclusions/Significance We speculate that chitin-bearing organisms modulate the innate immune response towards pathogens by upregulating secretion of cytokines and chemokines and expression of MyD88-associated TLRs, two major components of innate immunity. The clinical relevance of this mechanism remains to be defined.

Recently, the three-dimensional structure of the active site of human DNA polymerase alpha (pol alpha) was proposed based on the application of molecular modeling methods and molecular dynamic simulations. The modeled structure of the enzyme was used for docking selective inhibitors (nucleotide analogs and the non-nucleoside inhibitor aphidicolin) in its active site in order to design new drugs for actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The resulting complexes explained the geometrical and physicochemical interactions of the inhibitors with the amino acid residues involved in binding to the catalytic site, and offered insight into the experimentally derived binding data. The proposed structures were synthesized and tested in vitro for their influence on human keratinocytes and relevant tumor cell lines. Effects were compared to aphidicolin which inhibits pol alpha in a non-competitive manner, as well as to diclofenac and 5-fluorouracil, both approved for therapy of actinic keratosis. Here we describe three new nucleoside analogs inhibiting keratinocyte proliferation by inhibiting DNA synthesis and inducing apoptosis and necrosis. Thus, the combination of modeling studies and in vitro tests should allow the derivation of new drug candidates for the therapy of skin tumors, given that the agents are not relevant substrates of nucleotide transporters expressed by skin cancer cells. Kinases for nucleoside activation were detected, too, corresponding with the observed effects of nucleoside analogs.</.

JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen GesellschaftVolume 8, Issue 10 p. 769-770 Full Access Phytotherapie bei Hautkrankheiten Hans Christian Korting, Hans Christian KortingSearch for more papers by this author Hans Christian Korting, Hans Christian KortingSearch for more papers by this author First published: 24 September 2010 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1610-0387.2010.07538.xCitations: 2AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume8, Issue10October 2010Pages 769-770 RelatedInformation