Social role theory (Eagly, Wood, & Diekman, 2000) predicts that traditional gender ideology is associated with preferences for qualities in a mate that reflect a conventional homemaker-provider division of labor. This study assessed traditional gender ideology using Glick and Fiske's (1996, 1999) indexes of ambivalent attitudes toward women and men and related these attitudes to the sex-typed mate preferences of men for younger mates with homemaker skills and of women for older mates with breadwinning potential. Results from a nine-nation sample revealed that, to the extent that participants had a traditional gender ideology, they exhibited greater sex-typing of mate preferences. These relations were generally stable across the nine nations.

A 16-nation study involving 8,360 participants revealed that hostile and benevolent attitudes toward men, assessed by the Ambivalence Toward Men Inventory (P. Click & S.T. Fiske, 1999), were (a) reliably measured across cultures, (b) positively correlated (for men and women, within samples and across nations) with each other and with hostile and benevolent sexism toward women (Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, P. Click & S.T. Fiske, 1996), and (c) negatively correlated with gender equality in cross-national comparisons. Stereotype measures indicated that men were viewed as having less positively valenced but more powerful traits than women. The authors argue that hostile as well as benevolent attitudes toward men reflect and support gender inequality by characterizing men as being designed for dominance.

A German-language version of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI; Glick & Fiske, 1996) is presented. This scale aims at measuring ambivalent attitudes toward women. In contrast to the concepts of traditional and modern sexism, the concept of ambivalent sexism differentiates between overtly negative attitudes (hostility) and subjectively positive attitudes (benevolence). Studies with 2 student and 3 nonstudent samples (total N = 773) demonstrate that the German 22-item scale is reliable and valid. In particular, the results confirm the hypothesis that hostility and benevolence form two distinct subsystems representing opposite evaluative orientations toward women. In the discussion, directions for future research on sexist attitudes are pointed out.

Zusammenfassung: Es wird eine deutsche Version des «Ambivalent Sexism Inventory» (ASI; Glick & Fiske, 1996 ) vorgestellt. Diese Skala dient der Erfassung ambivalenter Einstellungen gegenüber Frauen. Anders als die Konzepte des traditionellen und des modernen Sexismus trennt das Konzept des ambivalenten Sexismus zwischen negativen, offen feindseligen Einstellungen (Hostilität) und subjektiv positiven, wohlwollenden Einstellungen (Benevolenz). Untersuchungen an 2 studentischen und 3 nichtstudentischen Stichproben mit insgesamt 773 Vpn weisen die 22-Item-Skala als reliabel und valide aus. Insbesondere bestätigt sich die Hypothese, daß Hostilität und Benevolenz zwei separate Subsysteme sexistischer Einstellungen mit gegenläufiger subjektiver Valenz bilden. In der Diskussion werden Perspektiven der Forschung zu sexistischen Einstellungen aufgezeigt.