In this study, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO nanoparticles) were synthesized using an aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized CuO/Gly nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM–EDS, BET, and TGA analyses. The CuO/Gly nanoparticles exhibited a mesoporous structure, spherical morphology, and good thermal stability. The CuO/Gly nanoparticles were applied as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of substituted 1,2,3-triazoles under mild and environmentally benign conditions. The catalytic system demonstrated high efficiency, operational simplicity, low cost, and good recyclability. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the CuO/Gly nanoparticles was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The nanoparticles exhibited moderate free-radical- scavenging activity, indicating potential applications beyond catalysis. Overall, this study presents a sustainable and cost-effective strategy for the synthesis of biologically relevant triazole derivatives using a green nanocatalyst.

Cellulose-copper oxide nanoparticles (Cell–CuO nanocatalyst) were synthesized via a co-precipitation method and employed as an efficient catalyst for the aerobic oxidation of alcohols in water. The Cell–CuO nanocatalyst was characterized using FE-SEM, EDS, XRD, TGA/DSC, BET, ICP-OES and FT-IR analyses. The results revealed that the catalyst efficiently promotes the selective aerobic oxidation of a wide range of alcohols, including benzylic and aliphatic substrates, using molecular oxygen as a green oxidant in aqueous media. Furthermore, the catalyst can be readily recovered and reused for at least six consecutive cycles without a significant loss of catalytic activity.

In this study, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesized using an aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized CuO/GLY nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM-EDS, BET, and TGA analyses. The CuO/Gly nanoparticles exhibited mesoporous structure, spherical morphology, and good thermal stability. The CuO/Gly nanoparticles were applied as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of substituted 1,2,3-triazoles under mild and environmentally benign conditions. The catalytic system demonstrated high efficiency, operational simplicity, low cost, and good recyclability. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the CuO/Gly nanoparticles was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The nanoparticles exhibited moderate free radical scavenging activity, indicating potential applications beyond catalysis. Overall, this study presents a sustainable and cost-effective strategy for the synthesis of biologically relevant triazole derivatives using a green nanocatalyst.

The isoxazole-5-one ring system is a central structure in many synthetic bioactive molecules, showing a wide range of biological activities, including antibacterial, antitumor, anticorrosion, antifungal, antituberculosis, and antioxidant. They are also applied as agrochemicals with potential fungicidal effects. Given various applications, these pharmaceutically and biologically significant heterocyclic compounds have attracted the attention of chemistry researchers. This study aimed to investigate the application of glycerol as a reaction medium for the three-component synthesis of arylidenisoxazol-5(4H)-one derivatives. The results of the optimized investigations revealed that 3.0 mL of glycerol is the best reaction medium. Evaluation of the effect of reaction temperature showed that the best temperature for this strategy is 60 °C. In the present environmentally friendly study, the desired heterocyclic compounds were quickly synthesized via a one-pot three-component reaction of two keto-esters with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and a number of aryl/heteroaryl aldehydes. This synthetic approach has significant merits, such as cost-effectiveness of the reaction medium, rapid green synthesis, operational simplicity, easy workup, avoiding chromatographic purification, sustainability, acceptable yields, and relatively inexpensive as well as commercially available starting materials.

In this research, an eco-friendly procedure is reported for the synthesis of NiO/MgO nanocomposite by the co-precipitation method. The obtained nanocomposite was characterized using FE-SEM, EDS, BET, XRD, and TGA analyses. The catalytic performance of the NiO/MgO nanocomposite was investigated in the regioselective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles under mild conditions. The results revealed that the desired triazole derivatives were produced in high yields with excellent selectivity. The catalyst exhibited notable stability and recyclability over several cycles without significant loss of activity. In addition, the antibacterial activity of the NiO/MgO nanocomposite was evaluated against various bacterial strains, showing good inhibitory effects against the tested pathogens.

In this study, the aerobic oxidation of alkylbenzenes and alcohols in the presence of a novel kind of NiO/Al2O3 nanocatalyst was investigated. The NiO/Al2O3 nanocatalyst was synthesized by the co-precipitation procedure and it was characterized by various techniques, including XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, BET, and TGA. In the presence of the NiO/Al2O3 nanocatalyst, the selective aerobic oxidation of various alkylbenzenes to the corresponding ketones was carried out in water under reflux conditions. Moreover, the selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones was efficiently performed under similar conditions. In both reactions, the results showed that the catalyst was recyclable for up to six consecutive runs through simple filtration.

In this study, the synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite (HAp)-supported CuO nanoparticles (CuO/HAp nanocatalyst) as an efficient and recyclable nanocatalyst were investigated for the synthesis of propargylamines. The CuO/HAp nanocatalyst was characterized using several analytical techniques, including FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, BET, and TGA. Antimicrobial properties of the CuO/HAp nanocatalyst were compared with those of copper oxide nanoparticles and hydroxyapatite alone, revealing superior antimicrobial activity on some gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and the fungal strain Candida albicans with better average OD. All reactions were conducted under solvent-free conditions, yielding corresponding products in high amounts. The CuO/HAp nanocatalyst exhibited excellent performance in the synthesis of propargylamines, and it can be recovered by simple filtration and recycled up to 4 following runs without any significant loss in its efficiency.

In this research, NiO nanoparticles were prepared by a green synthetic methodology using Artemisia annua extract. The biosynthesized NiO nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FE-SEM analysis, EDS, TGA/DSC, ICP, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Investigations showed that this catalyst accelerates the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole derivatives with high regioselectivity. The NiO-Arte is a heterogeneous nanocatalyst and can be recycled and reused easily 5 runs without a significant decrease in catalytic activity. Moreover, the antimicrobial activities of NiO nanoparticles against different bacteria and fungi were investigated. The results showed good antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacteria.

In this research, CuO/MgO nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized as a new, efficient and recyclable nanocatalyst, and then its catalytic activity was investigated on the regioselective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole derivatives. The nanocatalyst was characterized by various methods, including XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, BET and TGA. Various triazole derivatives were synthesized from the reaction between propargyl ethers or terminal alkynes with aryl halides or alkyl halides with very good efficiency. Moreover, CuO/MgO nanocomposite was tested against six standard strains of bacteria to determine its antimicrobial activity. The results indicated that CuO/MgO nanocomposite had different levels of inhibition against different bacteria.

In this research, poly (4-vinyl pyridine)-supported nickel oxide nanoparticles (P4VP-NiO nanocatalyst) as an efficient recyclable catalyst have been prepared and used for the regioselective synthesis of triazole derivatives. The nanocatalyst we characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), and brunauer-emmett-teller (BET) surface area analysis. The most important advantages of using poly (4-vinylpyridine)-nickel oxide nanocatalysts in these reactions are the short reaction time, cost-effectiveness, easy recycling of the catalyst, and high yield of the product. Also, the antimicrobial properties of the new triazole derivatives have been studied.

A green mesoporous catalyst was prepared by copper immobilization onto L-phenylalanine (L-Phe), and it was studied using different analytical methods, including FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, BET, TGA, DSC, and ICP analysis. Using sodium azide, phenylacetylene, benzyl or alkyl halides, and a nanocatalyst, the CuAAC reaction has been effectively utilized to produce 1,2,3-triazoles with regioselective efficiency. The main advantages of the current approach are the easy recyclability of the catalyst, short reaction time, low cost, simple preparation, and high yield. Furthermore, the (L-Phe)-CuO showed antimicrobial properties.

The green and efficient three-component reaction between aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes, β-ketoesters (ethyl acetoacetate and ethyl benzoylacetate) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in water and under natural sunlight leads to the formation of various derivatives of 4-arylidene-isoxazole-5(4H)-ones. In this reaction, natural sunlight was used outdoors as a green, cheap, clean, available, safe and non-toxic source of energy. The reactions were carried out in Damghan under sunlight. In this synthetic method using sunlight, the heterocyclization reaction was performed with simple tools and without the use of special equipment. In this three-component reaction, 4-arylidene-isoxazole-5(4H)-ones were synthesized in a range of 17-40 minutes and with yields ranging from 89-97%. The advantages of this suitable and green method can be mentioned abundant sunlight or low-energy visible light as an energy source, no environmental pollution, very mild reaction conditions, simplicity of the reaction method, easy separation, no use of organic solvents and catalysts. Some compounds were tested for antibacterial activity using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by disk diffusion method. Some synthesized compounds have good antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity of synthesized heterocycles is higher against Escherichia coli.

In this research, a nano-inorganic composite of CuO/NiO is prepared by co-precipitation method as an efficient recyclable nanocatalyst for the regioselective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles in water. The catalyst was characterized by several techniques such as the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), x-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and brunauer-emmett-teller (BET) surface area analysis. The regioselective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles was carried out from reaction of various benzyl halides or alkyl halides with phenyl acetylene and sodium azide in water under reflux condition in high yields. The CuO/NiO nanocatalyst can be simply recovered and reused 6 runs without a significant slight in activity.

In this research, NiO/ZnO nancatalyst was prepared, characterized, and used for the regioselective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole derivatives in ethanol. Various triazole derivatives were synthesized, and antimicrobial properties of the new synthesized compound were studied. Moreover, antimicrobial properties of NiO/ZnO nanoatalyst and new synthesized triazole including antifungal and antibacterial were investigated. The study of catalyst recycling showed that the NiO/ZnO nanoatalyst catalyzed the synthesis of the corresponding products up to 5 times without reducing its efficiency.

The current study reports a simple and eco-friendly method for synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using an aqueous extract of Artemisia annua. The green synthesized CuO NPs were characterized using UV–Vis, FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The UV–Vis spectroscopy showed maximum absorption at 250 nm, and the average diameter of the biosynthesized NPs was found to be 35 nm. FTIR showed the presence of functional groups, especially C=O and O–H in bioactive constituents present that acted as reducing and capping agents during the biosynthesis of CuO NPs. The antioxidant activity of the biosynthesized CuO NPs was evaluated by DPPH assay, which showed that at 100 µg/ml, the highest antioxidant activity of 67

Boric acid and pentaerythritol as a green and reusable catalytic system efficiently catalyzed the one-pot three-component synthesis of mono- and bis-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinones, bis-alkylidene malononitriles, as well as spirooxindoles from the various aromatic aldehydes/isatins, malononitrile, and barbituric acid in water. Being environmentally friendly, reusability, short reaction times, high yields, low cost, commercial availability of the starting materials, and easy work-up are attractive features of the present work. 10 new compounds were synthesized in similar conditions reactions in high yields.

This investigation aims to highlight the applicability of a potent eco-friendly developed composite film to combat the Escherichia coli biofilm formed in a model food system. ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized using green methods were anchored on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Subsequently, nano-chitosan (NCh) solutions were used to disperse the synthesized nanoparticles and cinnamon essential oil (CEO). These solutions, containing various concentrations of CNC@ZnO NPs and CEO, were sequentially coated onto cellulosic papers to inhibit Escherichia coli biofilms on grey zucchini slices. Six films were developed, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, biodegradation, and mechanical properties were assessed. The film containing 5 % nano-emulsified CEO + 3 % dispersed CNC@ZnO nano-hybrid in an NCh solution was selected for further testing since it exhibited the largest zone of inhibition (34.32 mm) against E. coli and the highest anti-biofilm activity on biofilms developed on glass surfaces. The efficacy of the film against biofilms on zucchini surfaces was temperature-dependent. During 60 h, the selected film resulted in log reductions of approximately 4.5 logs, 2.85 logs, and 1.57 logs at 10 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C, respectively. Applying the selected film onto zucchini surfaces containing biofilm structures leads to the disappearance of the distinctive three-dimensional biofilm framework. This innovative anti-biofilm film offers considerable potential in combatting biofilm issues on food surfaces. The film also preserved the sensory quality of zucchini evaluated for up to 60 days.

A new green mesoporous magnetically heterogeneous catalyst was prepared by the copper immobilization onto magnetic epoxidized soybean oil as a nano bio-support and was utilized for the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole derivatives in the presence of amberlite supported azide. A great range of triazole derivatives were synthesized from benzyl halides or epoxides halides in high yields at the room temperature. The catalyst was characterized by various techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, VSM, FE-SEM, EDX, TEM, BET, TGA, and ICP analysis. This catalytic system can be reused for five times without any significant decrease in the catalytic activity. Fe3O4@SiO-ESBO/CuO nanocatalyst and amberlite supported azide as a green catalytic system has been used for the regioselective synthesis of triazole derivatives in water. A large range of triazole derivatives were synthesized from benzyl halides or epoxides in high yields.

A highly regioselective aerobic bromination of aromatic compounds has been achieved using Fe3O4@SiO2/CuO nanocatalyst and O2 as a green oxidant. In this procedure, the reactions gave high yields and para-selectivity for the various aromatic compounds. Mechanistic studies are described, and the possible mechanisms are proposed. Recyclability of the Fe3O4@SiO2/CuO nanocatalyst has also been explored upon aerobic bromination of aromatic compounds. The nanocatalyst can be reused five times without any significant decrease in the catalytic activity and selectivity.

Background: In this study, the synthesis and characterization of a novel kind of NiO-supported CuO nanoparticles (CuO/NiO nanocatalyst), as an efficient and recyclable catalyst, were carried out. Methods: Nanocatalyst was characterized by XRD, BET, FESEM, EDS, HRTEM, TGA and DSC analysis. It was used in the three-component synthesis reaction between barbituric acid, malononitrile and various aromatic aldehydes for the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinone derivatives. Results: The advantages of using CuO/NiO nanocatalyst in this reaction are high yields of products, a decrease in the reaction times and easy separation of catalyst from the reaction mixture, and the reaction being performed in one-pot. Conclusion: The CuO/NiO nanocatalyst can be recycled for five consecutive cycles without significant degradation in its catalytic activity.