Cerebral blood flow measurement has not yet been attempted with xenon and CT in patients. Xenon washout was studied in three patients receiving subanesthetic concentrations of xenon. Cerebral enhancement after 30%--50% inhaled xenon was demonstrated without serious side effects. Clinical cerebral blood flow measurements with xenon and CT may be feasible.

Based on their mol. wts, notexin and scutoxin elute later than expected from gel filtration columns in multiple peaks [Francis et al. (1991) Toxicon29, 85–96]. Notexins present in these peaks have identical amino acid sequences and unmodified amino acid side-chains. Scutoxin is an isoform of notexin which contains arginine at position 16 and glutamate at position 82. Like notexin, it also elutes in different fractions on a gel filtration column, yet the fractions show identical amino acid sequence. This perplexing chromatographic behavior appears to be caused by the association of these proteins with different anions, since dissolving notexin in buffers containing different anions produces up to a 30% change in elution volume. Certain anions promote an apparent reduction in the interaction of notexin with gel filtration matrix, hence earlier elution. These anions include citrate, 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate, which also inhibit the PLA2 activity of notexin. However, even under conditions which minimize protein-matrix interaction the toxins elute later than expected based on their mol. wt.

New versions of three verbal learning tests (paragraph learning, list learning, and word-pair learning) were normed on 420 subjects, aged 20 to 79. These tasks used multiple acquisition trials, employed a delayed retention trial, incorporated the Buschke Selective Reminding procedure and utilized a continuum of free-recall, cued-recall, and recognition tasks. Norms are presented for six, 10-year age groups equated for intellectual level and gender. Normative groups also were screened for depression, dementia, and psychiatric illness. Results showed that all three tasks were highly reliable, demonstrated promising construct validity, and appeared to be measuring the same underlying cognitive function. Basic interpretative stategies for use with clinical data are proposed.

A revised method for administering and scoring the Taylor Complex Figure (TCF) is described and norms are presented for ages 20 to 79. Prior to the first exposure of the TCF, 407 participants were informed that they would be shown a design that they would have to draw from memory (intentional learning procedure). On each of four learning trials participants observed the TCF for 30 s. Then the figure was removed and individuals were given a maximum of 2 min to reproduce it from memory. Approximately 15 min after the last learning trial a retention trial was administered. This was followed by a copy trial where subjects were given 4 min to draw the TCF with the model present. Extensive norms that control for age are presented. Other variables, such as gender, depression, education and performance on the Vocabulary and Block Design subtests of the WAIS-R were shown to be sufficiently independent of the TCF scores to negate their need to be controlled in the norms.

A new clinical test for assessing learning and memory abilities, the Learning and Memory Battery (LAMB), is described. The LAMB was developed within an information-processing framework, and its normative sample contained 480 Ss, age 18-79 years, stratified over 8 age groups. The LAMB contains 3 verbal, 2 visual, and 2 numerical substests. Specific features include multiple learning trials, delayed-retention tests, a continuum of retrieval cues ranging from free recall through cued recall to recognition, and both visual and verbal material that have a sufficient range of difficulty enabling examination of Ss differing widely in abilities. Interrater reliability estimates and measures of internal consistency strongly support the reliability of the LAMB. Factor analysis supports the validity of the LAMB by showing that it measures 2 independent processes: visual and verbal memory

The entire M RNA segment of the phlebovirus Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) has been molecularly cloned and the complete nucleotide sequence determined. The RNA is 3884 nucleotides in length, corresponding to a molecular weight of 1.38 × 106, having a base composition of 27.3% A, 25.4% G, 27.2% U, and 20.1% C. Sequences present at the 3′ and 5′ termini of the molecule are largely complementary for some 51 residues and can form a stable duplex structure when the potential secondary structure of the entire molecule is considered. A single major open reading frame, capable of encoding 1206 amino acids (131,845 Da), was found in the viral-complementary sequence (“positive” polarity). Amino-terminal amino acid sequencing of the purified viral glycoproteins G1 and G2 allowed for the positioning of the coding sequences for these polypeptides within this major open reading frame in the following orientation with respect to the genomic M RNA: 3′-G2-G1–5′. From the predicted amino acid composition of the two mature viral glycoproteins, both were found to have a high cysteine content (G2, 6%; G1, 5%). Sequences within the open reading frame capable of encoding up to 23,000 Da of polypeptide were found in addition to those required for the viral glycoproteins. The potential contribution of these sequences to the coding capacity of the M RNA, viral protein processing, and intracellular protein distribution is discussed.

ABSTRACT Scientists' role is to separate fact from fiction to assure that decisions be based upon valid evidence rather than emotions and misinformation. The use of chemicals for aquatic vegetation control is one issue commonly surrounded with fear and uncertainty by the general public, environmental groups, and politicians. This has led to restrictive laws in some States which severely limit or prohibit the application of registered aquatic pesticides. In-lake rehabilitation methods and watershed protection measures have achieved mixed results in controlling lake nutrient concentrations to suitably limit macrophyte or algae growth. For many bodies of water, high quality water is not presently economically or technologically feasible. However, symptomatic treatment of nuisance aquatic plant growth with chemicals or through integrated pest management methods can provide waterways acceptable for recreational and functional use. Historically, the chemicals used for aquatic macrophyte and algae control were sodium arsenite and copper sulfate, respectively. These did pose a threat to the environment from overdose and abuse in attempts to eradicate rather than manage aquatic plant problems. Today's chemicals and application techniques are more selective and sophisticated. Toxicity limits, breakdown times, and tolerances are established prior to EPA registration. Organic herbicides that characteristically degrade in the environment or become biologically inactive have replaced persistent chemicals such as sodium arsenite. Formulated, chelated copper compounds are replacing copper sulfate treatments as a safer, more effective approach. Improved application equipment, techniques using spray adjuvants, and granular formulations have helped overcome problems with drift and uneven distribution. The judicious use of chemicals for aquatic vegetation control is imperative. Loss of any of our limited number of tools for maintaining suitable recreational and functional waterways through regulations imposed by the uninformed could severely limit our ability to achieve future water quality objectives.

To examine the interrelationships of MMPI scale scores among low back pain patients, 50 profiles were scored on the traditional 13 scales, Hanvik's Lb scale and seven subscales derived from Scales 1 and 3. The profiles were randomly divided into two equal samples and factor analyzed. Comparison of the two samples yielded three common factors. The first factor measured severity of the symptoms, the second assessed the level of anger and aggression and the third assessed the psychogenic components of the syndrome. The implications of the factors are discussed.

Studies of xenon-enhanced CT for detecting cerebral demyelination have produced conflicting results. Therefore, we studied the effect of xenon inhalation on the CT appearance of five demyelinated plaques. The plaques and the surrounding white matter increased commensurately in attenuation during xenon inhalation. Therefore, xenon enhancement does not generally increase the sensitivity of CT for detecting cerebral demyelination.

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook SectionClasses in Contemporary Capitalism. Nicos Poulantzas Class, Crisis and the State. Erik Olin Wright James SchmidtJames Schmidt Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmailPrint SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Politics Volume 41, Number 3Aug., 1979 Sponsored by the Southern Political Science Association Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/2129845 Views: 6Total views on this site Copyright 1979 Southern Political Science AssociationPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Sixty-nine midrange responders on the Introversion-Extroversion (IE) scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) were given an experimental measure to assess tendency toward ambivalence (i.e., both strongly introverted and strongly extraverted responses) vs. moderation (i.e., midrange responses), and degree of importance given to IE types of activities. The participants were divided into those showing ambivalence vs. those showing moderate responses, and into those reporting high vs. low importance of such activities. As was predicted, the ambivalent group showed significantly higher scores on the neuroticism scale of the EPQ, while the low importance group tended to show more psychoticism, but not to a significant degree. Both of the midrange scores were unrelated to the Bem Sex Role Inventory. Based on the findings, at least two groups are posited in the midrange of the IE dimension: an ambivalent group with mixed strong introversive and extraversive tendencies, and an ambiverted group with midrange scores.