In the original publication, there were mistakes in Figures 1, 2 and 4 as published [...]

In this study, we investigated the effects of collagen peptides (CP) and elastic peptides (EP) on UV-induced photoaging in HaCaT, B16, and ESF cells. We measured hyaluronic acid (HA), melanin, and collagen levels, as well as the expression of related genes and proteins, to evaluate their potential and combined effects. Compared with UV-irradiated controls, HA content increased by 87.57 % (CP), 39.13 % (EP), and 97.60 % (combined treatment). Both peptides enhanced collagen levels, reduced melanin content, and exhibited synergistic effects. Additionally, CP and EP significantly increased Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in HaCaT cells, decreased Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, upregulated Has2 mRNA, and downregulated Hayl1 mRNA. In B16 cells, they downregulated key melanogenesis-related genes and proteins (MITF, CREB, PKA, TYR, TRP-2). In ESF cells, they upregulated genes involved in collagen metabolism (Tgf-beta, Smad3, P4ha2, Adamts2, Bmp1, Lox). The combination index method confirmed their synergistic effects on improving skin photoaging. Our findings suggest that CP and EP can ameliorate skin photoaging by modulating key biomolecules in hydration, melanogenesis, and collagen metabolism, providing a basis for developing antiphotoaging strategies.

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and defense mechanisms of a sesame meal protein hydrolysate against ethanol-induced acute gastric mucosal injury in mice. The target peptides in the hydrolysate were identified by LC-MS/MS, the activity was predicted by PeptideRanker, and the KM mice were orally administered distilled water, a sesame peptide, and omeprazole for 24 consecutive days. Acute gastric mucosal injury was then induced in mice with 70% ethanol, except for the CK group. The sesame peptide significantly inhibited the over-accumulation of ALT, AST, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MPO, while promoting the reduction in GSH, T-AOC, GSSG, and EGF expression. In addition, a Western blotting analysis showed that sesame peptide significantly up-regulated the expression of HO-1 and NQO1 proteins in the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway, and down-regulated Keap1 protein. The defense effect of a sesame peptide on gastric mucosa may be achieved by alleviating the overproduction of lipid peroxides and improving the antioxidant activity.

This work elucidates the mechanism involved in the effect of varying sterilization intensities on RDC thickening via comparative analysis of the changes in the composition and structure of RDC interfacial protein after storage at 4 °C and at 25 °C. The results showed that pasteurized RDCs (75 °C for 16 s, 90 °C for 5 min) and high-temperature sterilized RDCs (105 °C for 3 min, 115 °C for 7 min and 121 °C for 7 min) did not thicken during storage at 25 °C, and had lower viscosities and higher Ca2+ concentrations than those stored at 4 °C. Whey protein (WP) aggregates were found to have been adsorbed at the interface of high-temperature treated RDCs stored at 4 °C, leading to the aggregation of fat globules and, consequently, reversible thickening. However, high-temperature sterilized RDCs underwent into irreversible thickening at 10 d, 7 d and 3 d. This phenomenon was attributed to the large amount of heat-induced whey protein and κ-casein complex that was absorbed on the oil-water interface, with Ca2+ bonded to form bridging flocculation, which altered the secondary structure of the interfacial protein to one with increased β-sheet content and decreased random coil content.

According to data from the World Health Organization, there were about 3 million deaths caused by alcohol consumption worldwide in 2016, of which about 50% were related to liver disease. Alcohol consumption interfering with the normal function of adipocytes has an important impact on the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. There has been increasing recognition of the crucial role of adipose tissue in regulating systemic metabolism, far beyond that of an inert energy storage organ in recent years. The endocrine function of adipose tissue is widely recognized, and the significance of the proteins it produces and releases is still being investigated. Alcohol consumption may affect white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), which interact with surrounding tissues such as the liver and intestines. This review briefly introduces the basic concept and classification of adipose tissue and summarizes the mechanism of alcohol affecting lipolysis and lipogenesis in WAT and BAT. The adipose tissue–liver axis is crucial in maintaining lipid homeostasis within the body. Therefore, this review also demonstrates the effects of alcohol consumption on the adipose tissue–liver axis to explore the role of alcohol consumption in the crosstalk between adipose tissue and the liver.

Background: Cancer is a major public problem and poses a long-term impact on patients' life, work, and study. Oats are widely recognized as healthy food and fermented oats were rich in the higher contents of polyphenols. However, the role of fermented oats in cancer remains elusive. Methods: The effect of ethyl acetate subfractions (EASs) from ethanol extracts of oats fermented by Rhizopus oryzae 3.2751 on cancer cells was verified by series experiments in vitro and in vivo. The cell viability, colony formation, cell cycle, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and western blot were determined in vitro. The toxicity of EASs and xenograft mouse model were performed in vivo. Results: MTT assay indicated that EASs interference suppressed the proliferation of four human cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner without a significant impact on two normal cells. EASs (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 μg/mL) resulted in the G2/M and S phase arrest, apoptosis, depolarization of MMP, and ROS generation in HepG2 cells by flow cytometry. p53, JNK, caspase-9, and caspase-3 were activated and the expression of Bax was promoted, while the expression of Bcl-2 was reduced in HepG2 cells exposed to EASs via western blot. Furthermore, the in vivo study using a xenograft mouse model demonstrated that EASs attenuated the tumor growth with low systemic toxicity. Conclusions: EASs exhibited anti-cancer activities in vitro and in vivo via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This finding suggests that polyphenol-enriched composition from fermented oats might become a promising candidate for impeding the development and progression of liver cancer.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of the death around the world. An elevation of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. To achieve optimal plasma LDL-C levels, clinal therapies were investigated which targeted different metabolism pathways. However, some therapies also caused various adverse effects. Thus, there is a need for new treatment options and/or combination therapies to inhibit the LDL-C level. Dietary polyphenols have received much attention in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases due to their potential LDL-C lowering effects. However, the effectiveness and potential mechanisms of polyphenols in lowering LDL-C is not comprehensively summarized. This review focused on dietary polyphenols that could reduce LDL-C and their mechanisms of action. This review also discussed the limitations and suggestions regarding previous studies.

AIM To compare effects on certain health indices in rodents of different doses of alcoholic beverages, huangjiu (Chinese yellow wine), red wine and baijiu (Chinese liquor) combined with high-fat diet (HFD) and the pure HFD. METHODS A total of 80 rats were randomly divided into eight groups and treated with (a) basal diet (3.5 kcal/g); (b) HFD (19.5% w/w lard, 4.5 kcal/g) and (c) HFD with low or high doses of separate alcoholic beverages (2.5 and 5 g/kg ethanol, respectively) for 28 weeks. RESULTS Chronic drinking when combined with HFD was associated with reduced body weight, fat accumulation and serum TNF-α level, serum TG, TC and LDL-C levels, and improved glucose tolerance (OGTT) and insulin sensitivity (ITT), hepatic enzymes; elevated levels or activities of the antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase, reduced the content of lipid peroxidation productions such as malondialdehyde, in comparison with the pure HFD intake. In addition, compared with HFD, drinking plus HFD improved microbiota dysbiosis, down-regulated the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and promoted the growth of some probiotics including Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 and norank_f__Bacteroidales_S24-7_group. CONCLUSION Overall, the three beverages showed different impacts on indicators but red wine showed the most 'beneficial' effects. Of course, higher ethanol dosages can be expected to cause overall negative health effects, and harms of high fat intake can be prevented by healthier diet.

This study aimed to explore the effect of nine kinds of Citrus essential oils (CEOs) and its seven primary components (limonene, myrcene, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, phellandrene, geraniol, and geranial) on primary dysmenorrhea in vivo and in vitro, respectively. The results showed that CEOs could enhance the activity of antioxidant status markers (T-AOC, SOD, CAT, and GSH), as well as reducing the levels of MDA and iNOS, and the ratio of PGF2 alpha/PGE2 in rat uterus induced by estradiol benzoate and oxytocin, thus ameliorating the writhing response. Furthermore, seven components in CEOs could reverse the upregulation of the ratio of PGF2 alpha/PGE2 in RL95-2 cells induced by estradiol benzoate. Sweet orange and bergamot essential oils showed a more significant effect than other CEOs. This work supported that CEOs could effectively inhibit oxidative stress and prostaglandinsinduced uterine contraction, representing a prevention from PD and its major components exerted the potentially beneficial effect.

Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is one of the most common gynecological disorders among young women. Bergamot is rich in natural bioactive ingredients, which could potentially ameliorate PD. We aimed to investigate whether the bergamot products (essential oil, juice, and ethanol extract) could improve PD induced by estradiol benzoate and oxytocin. The rats were supplemented with the three doses of bergamot products and positive drugs by gastric perfusion, respectively. The results demonstrated that bergamot products could alleviate PD with dose-dependence via inhibiting the growth of PGF2 α /PGE2 ratio, accumulation of MDA, and release of iNOS, and promoting the activities of T-AOC, SOD, CAT, and GSH in uterine tissues. Furthermore, bergamot products could mitigate the writhing response and histopathological alterations in uterine tissues. In addition, bergamot essential oil had greater benefits than the corresponding dose of juice and ethanol extract. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: An increasing number of young women suffered PD, severely impacting their life. Seeking a healthy diet therapy can effectively avoid the adverse effects of PD drugs. Bergamot as natural fruit is rich in several bioactive ingredients. This study reported the function of bergamot products for alleviating PD via regulating the levels of prostaglandins and inflammatory mediator, and the capacities of antioxidants. This research provides insights for the development of functional foods with improving effect against PD. It also offers us a theoretical basis for the reasonable application of different forms of bergamot products.

基于紫薯糖液可提供一定糖分及其酰基化花色苷可提高花色苷稳定性,研究不同阴离子交换树脂和流速对黑莓汁降酸效果及紫薯糖液对黑莓汁口感的影响,比较黑莓紫薯复合果汁、黑莓汁和紫薯汁在加速贮藏期间花色苷含量的变化,探究紫薯糖液对黑莓汁花色苷稳定性的影响.结果 表明,8种树脂对黑莓汁均有不同程度的降酸效果和花色苷、可溶性固形物吸附作用,其中LXZ-67树脂最适于黑莓汁降酸,脱酸率为55.6％,花色苷和可溶性固形物保留率分别为81.4％、87.1％,综合考虑生产效率和花色苷保留率,适宜生产流速为20 BV/h.黑莓汁与紫薯糖液的最佳调配比例为4∶1,此时复合果汁酸甜适口、香气浓郁.加速贮藏期间花色苷降解速率由大到小为黑莓汁＞复合果汁＞紫薯汁,表明紫薯糖液可提高黑莓汁花色苷稳定性.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">为研究佛手和甜橙的果汁及挥发油对兔耳痤疮的预防作用,采用兔耳内侧涂抹油酸形成痤疮模型,将新西兰兔分为空白组、模型组、阳性对照组（灌胃复方珍珠暗疮胶囊）、佛手汁和挥发油高低剂量组、甜橙汁和挥发油高低剂量组,分别灌胃对应成分,观察兔耳组织病理学及检测兔耳组织皮脂分泌量、氧化应激指标和炎症因子的变化。结果表明:1)经过油酸诱导的新西兰兔耳,皮肤粗糙增厚且毛囊口扩张并隆起,并出现一定量的红色丘疹和脓包,兔耳组织中甘油三酯、丙二醛含量增加、炎症因子表达水平增加、抗氧化能力显著下降（P&lt;0.05）;2)与模型组相比,各干预组均可降低兔耳组织甘油三酯、丙二醛、炎症因子表达水平,提高抗氧化物含量,改善兔耳的痤疮程度;3)在成分干预组中,甜橙挥发油对痤疮的抑制效果最佳,其次是佛手挥发油,果汁效果较差。因此,佛手和甜橙挥发油都具有良好的改善油酸致兔耳痤疮的效果,并且甜橙挥发油的效果最佳。</span>

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Bergamot and sweet orange are rich in nutritional and functional components, which exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of bergamot and sweet orange (juice and essential oil) on acne vulgaris caused by excessive secretion of androgen. Eighty male golden hamsters were randomly divided into 10 groups and received low or high dose of bergamot and sweet orange juice and essential oil, physiological saline, and positive drugs for four weeks, respectively. Results showed that all interventions could improve acne vulgaris by reducing the growth rate of sebaceous gland spots, inhibiting TG accumulation, decreasing the release of inflammatory cytokines (notably reducing IL-1α levels), promoting apoptosis in the sebaceous gland, and decreasing the ratio of T/E2. Among them, bergamot and orange essential oil may have better effects (dose dependent) on alleviating acne vulgaris than the corresponding juice. In view of the large population of acne patients and the widespread use of sweet orange and bergamot, this study is likely to exert an extensive and far-reaching influence.

(1) Background: Modern dietary patterns with a high intake of fat and fructose, as well as refined carbohydrates, closely relate to lipid/glucose metabolic disorders. The main objective of this study is to provide new thoughts in designing functional food with some lipid/glucose metabolism regulating effects for obese people. (2) Methods: The alleviating abilities of γ-oryzanol, phytosterol or ferulic acid-enriched wheat flour on lipid/glucose metabolic dysfunction were evaluated in male SD rats induced by a high-fat-fructose diet. The underlying mechanisms were clarified using western blot. (3) Results: In an in vitro cell model, γ-oryzanol, phytosterol and ferulic acid regulate lipid/glucose metabolism by increasing the phosphorylation of AMPK and Akt, and PI3K expression, as well as decreasing expressions of DGAT1 and SCD. The in vivo study shows that ferulic acid and γ-oryzanol-enriched flours are beneficial for managing body weight, improving glucose metabolism, hyperlipidemia and hepatic lipid accumulation. Phytosterol-enriched flour exerted remarkable effects in regulating hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and hyperuricemia. Western blot analysis of proteins from liver samples reveals that these enriched flours alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance through their elevation in the phosphorylation of AMPK and Akt. (4) Conclusions: Our study indicates that these enriched flours can serve as a health-promoting functional food to regulate obesity-related lipid/glucose metabolic dysfunction in rats.

In this study, we determined the nutritional and functional components in blossom and bee pollen from Rosa rugosa and evaluated their effects on acne caused by excessive androgen secretion based on the golden hamster acne model. Blossom and bee pollen extract from Rosa rugosa had beneficial effects on reducing the area of the sebaceous glands, decreasing TG levels in the sebaceous glands, decreasing the release of IL-1α and TNF-α, alleviating the release of MMP-2 and MMP-9, increasing the content of caspase-3, reducing the release of testosterone T, and increasing the release of estrogen E2. Both blossom and bee pollen extract from Rosa rugosa could alleviate acne caused by excessive androgenic secretion. In addition, bee pollen extract may have better effects on alleviating the release of inflammatory cytokines and MMPs, and promoting the degree of apoptosis. However, blossom extract may have better effects on regulating the levels of sex hormone.

本研究基于紫薯糖化液可为树莓发酵果酒提供糖分、紫薯酰基化花色苷可提高果酒花色苷稳定性的特性,以树莓和紫薯为原料,探讨了酶种类、酶添加量、水解时间等因素对紫薯液化糖化液还原糖和总糖含量的影响,以及发酵方式、酵母种类、发酵温度和树莓汁添加量等对复合果酒酒精度、二氧化碳失重、pn值和还原糖、总糖、总酸、花色苷含量等理化指标的影响,比较了复合果酒、树莓酒、紫薯酒贮藏期间花色苷含量的变化.结果 表明:紫薯最佳液化、糖化条件:选择耐高温α-淀粉酶,酶添加量为0.9 mL/kg,液化时间为3h,复合糖化酶添加量为1.2 mL/kg,糖化时间为3.5 h;复合果酒的最佳发酵参数:采用异步糖化发酵,酵母种类为BV818酵母,发酵温度为25℃,树莓汁添加量60％.所得果酒酒精度为11.7％ vol,果香、酒香良好,柔和爽口.采用树莓紫薯复合发酵可提高树莓酒贮藏期间花色苷稳定性.

探讨不同比例的藜麦全粉对高筋小麦粉面团流变学特性的影响,确定藜麦全粉馒头中最佳的藜麦全粉添加比例并进行馒头加工工艺的优化.通过混合实验仪和吹泡仪对面团流变学特性进行测定,以馒头的感官评价和质构特性为评价指标,对藜麦全粉馒头的酵母添加量、发酵时间和醒发时间进行优化.结果表明:藜麦全粉馒头的最佳藜麦全粉添加量为15％;当酵母添加量0.75％、发酵时间100 min、醒发时间15 min时,藜麦全粉馒头的感官评价总分达到最高值86.58,比容达到最高值3.02 mL/g,同时,硬度、咀嚼性和胶着性分别达到最低值9.76、45.53 N和6.66 N.

本研究在同一水平比较了3种结构相似的黄酮——槲皮素、山柰酚和芦丁对大鼠代谢综合征的影响效果.SD大鼠分为5组:基础饮食组、高糖高脂饮食组(模型组)、加入槲皮素(2.6 mmol/kgmb)的高糖高脂饮食组、加入山柰酚(2.6 mmol/kgmb)的高糖高脂饮食组、加入芦丁(2.6 mmol/kgmb)的高糖高脂饮食组,持续饲喂13周.测定血清生化指标、氧化应激指标、促炎细胞因子水平和肝脏组织学变化.结果表明:与喂食高糖高脂饲料的模型组((33.00±0.67)U/L)相比,槲皮素能显著降低大鼠血清谷丙转氨酶活力至(25.00±0.67)U/L(P<0.05);山柰酚能有效降低大鼠体质量增加和减少脂肪堆积,且大鼠最终平均体质量比模型组降低了10.7％.在口服葡萄糖耐量实验中,模型组的曲线下面积为(13.80±0.45)mmol/(L·min),而芦丁组显著下降至(12.10±0.13)mmol/(L·min)(P<0.05).说明3种黄酮均可有效改善大鼠代谢综合征;且尽管这些化合物具有相似的结构,但产生的生物学作用不同.

Three major components from Ilex kudingcha C.J.Tseng,seeds of Cassia obtusifolia L.and Crataegus L.were selected to investigate their interaction types in inhibiting proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.Results showed that ursolic acid and emodin exhibited a synergistic interaction on inhibiting proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes when emodin was accounted for 1/10,1/4 and 1/2 of the mixture.However,the synergistic interaction became antagonism with the fraction increased.The combination of quercetin and emodin showed no synergistic interaction but antagonism interaction.Moreover,emodin could enhance the inhibitory effect on differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocyts of ursolic acid.In all,the combination of emodin and ursolic acid at specific ratio is highly recommended for the development of antiobesity formulation or the direction for sliming diet.

This study aims to conduct a detailed investigation on four cultivars grown in northwest China, concentrating on the analysis of the bioactive contents, nutrients, heavy metal concentrations, and pesticide residue contents. Those Chinese jujubes consist of 51.99-71.75% edible part, 82.35-89.63% carbohydrates, 4.43-6.01% protein, 0.48-0.63% lipid, 2.80-4.80% polysaccharide, 45.64-88.97 mg/100 g ascorbic acid, 132.16-196.58 mg/100 g phenolics and 101.17-132.04 mg/100 g flavonoids in dry matter. In those four Chinese jujube cultivars, sulfur amino acids are the first limiting amino acids for adults, and aromatic amino acids are for children. The amount of heavy metal and pesticide residue concentrations in those jujubes was way below the limit. All four cultivars were found to have different nutritional values except for the carbohydrates; they had higher rates of carbohydrates and polysaccharide than those previously reported ones from Eastern China; and they are a better source for carbohydrates, vitamin C and functional amino acids.