雷州黑山羊是我国南方地区的优良品种,比较其他品种的山羊来说,其生长发育速度较缓慢,饲养周期长,在此过程中,感染疾病的风险也有所增加.其中肺炎支原体感染是一种发病率较高的疾病,该病对黑山羊的影响也较为严重,其中育成羊、 育肥羊和羊羔的发病率最高,雷州黑山羊支原体感染的主要原因是因为其生活环境较潮湿、 气温高且管理不够科学.本文主要论述了支原体感染的原理及防控策略,供参考.

A single factor design was used to treat king grass (Pennisetum sinese) with different fertilizers, sheep manure biogas slurry (A1), urea (A2), and no fertilizer (CK), to study the effect of biogas slurry on the production performance and quality of king grass in Leizhou peninsula in winter. The results showed that the fresh / dry ratio of grass in the A1 and A2 groups was significantly improved. The fresh / dry ratio of group A1 was 3.17 / 3.84, which was significantly lower than that of the other treatments (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the A2 and CK groups (P > 0.05). The plant height and growth rate of group A1 were higher than those of the A2 and CK groups (P < 0.05). The stem / leaf ratio was not significantly different in the A1, A2, and CK groups (P > 0.05). The crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) of group A1 were significantly higher than those of the A2 and CK groups (P < 0.05). The content of crude ash (Ash), crude fibre (CF), and nitrogen free extract (NFE) showed a significantly decreasing trend in the A1 and A2 groups compared to that in the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the application of sheep manure biogas slurry can effectively increase the production performance and improve nutrition quality of overwinter king grass.

To study the effects of different proportions of stems and leaves of Amomum villosum in the diet of Guangdong Leizhou black goats on growth performance and blood biochemical indexes, 20 goats were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups (CK, Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ), with 5 black goats per group. The control group (CK) was fed with a standard premixed diet. The test Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ groups were fed with 5 %, 10 %, and 20 % of King grass, respectively, which was replaced by an equal quantity of fresh A. villosum along with a constant basal diet. The trial period was 60 days. It was found that there was a significantly higher average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) in the test Ⅰ and Ⅱ and CK groups than in the test Ⅲ group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the CK and test Ⅲ group (P > 0.05). Feed to gain of the test Ⅱ group was significantly lower than that of the control and other test groups (P < 0.05). The glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of the test Ⅲ group was significantly higher than that of the CK group (P < 0.05); other blood biochemical indexes were not significantly different in the other test groups (P > 0.05). In summary, 10% was the optimal proportion of stems and leaves of A. villosum, as a Chinese herbal medicine and source of roughage, in the daily diet of Leizhou black goats. The results will provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of the stems and leaves of A. villosum as forage.

"稻-鳖-鱼-鸭"复合共生生态种养模式是一种对稻田食物系统和空间位态利用更加充分的新型生态种养模式.本研究参照国家绿色食品生产标准对该模式种养基地周边环境质量及其所产出农产品(稻谷、鳖、鱼、鸭)的质量安全进行了初步探究.结果表明,在产地环境质量满足绿色食品生产的条件下,这种生态种养模式能够生产和提供品质更加优良的绿色稻谷以及水产和禽肉.

The ecological planting and breeding mode of rice-turtle-fish-duck is a new ecological cultivation mode for paddy field spatial fully utilization. The scientific character of the mode was analyzed using paddy field spatial and food supply chain principle from the perspective of paddy field ecosystem construction. The techniques were detailed introduced from the aspects of symbiotic field construction,rice planting,farming symbiotic animal(turtle,fish,duck),field management. The ecological, economic and social benefits of the ecological planting and breeding mode of rice-turtle-fish-duck were analyzed,and the prospects of its application were discussed.

笔者通过查阅我国农业秸秆资源现状、广东省甜玉米秸秆资源现状、甜玉米秸秆的营养结构特点和制约甜玉米秸秆饲料化利用难题等相关文献,对开发与利用甜玉米秸秆的重要性及其应用研究进行了综述.由于农业废弃的秸秆具有产量多、收集成本低、饲料化程度高等特点,在现代畜牧业中展现了良好的应用前景.此外,笔者还对甜玉米秸秆饲料化利用方面尚存在的问题进行了分析.

试验选取年龄相近,体格发育以及大小相对一致的健康状况良好的雷州黑山羊32只,采用单因素随机分组的设计方法,随机分成4组,试验日粮中发酵甜玉米秸秆添加量分别为0%(对照组A组),30%(B组),60%(C组),90%(D组).结果表明,对照组和试验组B、C、D处理的黑山羊每只增重分别为4.55、6.06、7.08、4.64 kg,平均日增重分别为50.58、67.34、78.69、51.56 g,甜玉米秸秆青贮饲料对黑山羊日增重效果明显.随着日粮中甜玉米秸秆青贮饲料比例的提高,黑山羊的日增重也显著增加,以添加60%的甜玉米秸秆青贮饲料组最高,添加30%组次之.

秸秆青贮技术是发展草食动物饲草加工的关键技术之一.制作青贮饲料的关键在于合理控制好原料的水分含量,一般要求原料的水分含量保持在65％左右,而南方地区甜玉米秸秆在收获时一般水分含量在85％左右,水分过高制成的青贮饲料偏酸,饲料容易腐败.在我国北方等地,在制作玉米秸秆青贮饲料时可以通过晾晒的方式达到降低水分的目的,但南方多高温高湿天气,通过晾晒很难降低水分.本试验通过液压原理,集成创新了一套先进的牧草加工设备及其秸秆发酵工艺配套技术,能使青绿的甜玉米秸秆不需要晾晒就可直接进行青贮饲料制作,秸秆中过多的水分在压力的作用下通过管道排出,保证了青贮饲料制作对水分的要求,为南方地区高温高湿条件下青贮饲料制作奠定了坚实的基础.