为有效利用热区农业废弃物砂仁茎叶及优质牧草资源,添加不同比例的砂仁茎叶与'热研4号'王草混合青贮,研究其对王草营养成分和发酵品质的影响,筛选最佳混合青贮比例,以期提高饲料营养品质.按照完全随机设计试验,鲜重基础条件下,'热研4号'王草和砂仁茎叶的混合比例依梯度分为100:0(对照组)、90:10(A1组)、80:20(A2组)、70:30(A3组),每组均加入10 mg/kg的EM菌,青贮30 d后开封进行检测分析.结果表明:各试验组乳酸(LA)/乙酸(AA)比值均大于2,均有少量丙酸(PA)和丁酸(BA)检出.A2和A3组感官品质为优良;随着砂仁茎叶比例升高,青贮料pH显著升高,各处理组的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)和粗灰分(ASH)均呈现上升趋势;铵态氮/总氮(NH3-N/TN)、LA和AA含量逐渐降低,且A3组NH3-N/TN显著低于CK和A1组(P<0.05);各处理组LA和AA含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但各处理组间LA和AA含量差异不显著(P>0.05);A3组的DM、CP、EE和ASH含量显著高于CK(P<0.05),水溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量显著低于CK(P<0.05),且A1、A2和A3组间差异不显著(P>0.05),中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量显著低于CK(P<0.05);从营养价值和发酵品质考虑,建议砂仁茎叶与'热研4号'王草以30:70比例混合青贮较为适宜.

雷州黑山羊是我国南方地区的优良品种,比较其他品种的山羊来说,其生长发育速度较缓慢,饲养周期长,在此过程中,感染疾病的风险也有所增加.其中肺炎支原体感染是一种发病率较高的疾病,该病对黑山羊的影响也较为严重,其中育成羊、 育肥羊和羊羔的发病率最高,雷州黑山羊支原体感染的主要原因是因为其生活环境较潮湿、 气温高且管理不够科学.本文主要论述了支原体感染的原理及防控策略,供参考.

A single factor design was used to treat king grass (Pennisetum sinese) with different fertilizers, sheep manure biogas slurry (A1), urea (A2), and no fertilizer (CK), to study the effect of biogas slurry on the production performance and quality of king grass in Leizhou peninsula in winter. The results showed that the fresh / dry ratio of grass in the A1 and A2 groups was significantly improved. The fresh / dry ratio of group A1 was 3.17 / 3.84, which was significantly lower than that of the other treatments (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the A2 and CK groups (P > 0.05). The plant height and growth rate of group A1 were higher than those of the A2 and CK groups (P < 0.05). The stem / leaf ratio was not significantly different in the A1, A2, and CK groups (P > 0.05). The crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) of group A1 were significantly higher than those of the A2 and CK groups (P < 0.05). The content of crude ash (Ash), crude fibre (CF), and nitrogen free extract (NFE) showed a significantly decreasing trend in the A1 and A2 groups compared to that in the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the application of sheep manure biogas slurry can effectively increase the production performance and improve nutrition quality of overwinter king grass.

To study the effects of different proportions of stems and leaves of Amomum villosum in the diet of Guangdong Leizhou black goats on growth performance and blood biochemical indexes, 20 goats were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups (CK, Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ), with 5 black goats per group. The control group (CK) was fed with a standard premixed diet. The test Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ groups were fed with 5 %, 10 %, and 20 % of King grass, respectively, which was replaced by an equal quantity of fresh A. villosum along with a constant basal diet. The trial period was 60 days. It was found that there was a significantly higher average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG) in the test Ⅰ and Ⅱ and CK groups than in the test Ⅲ group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the CK and test Ⅲ group (P > 0.05). Feed to gain of the test Ⅱ group was significantly lower than that of the control and other test groups (P < 0.05). The glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of the test Ⅲ group was significantly higher than that of the CK group (P < 0.05); other blood biochemical indexes were not significantly different in the other test groups (P > 0.05). In summary, 10% was the optimal proportion of stems and leaves of A. villosum, as a Chinese herbal medicine and source of roughage, in the daily diet of Leizhou black goats. The results will provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of the stems and leaves of A. villosum as forage.

笔者通过查阅我国农业秸秆资源现状、广东省甜玉米秸秆资源现状、甜玉米秸秆的营养结构特点和制约甜玉米秸秆饲料化利用难题等相关文献,对开发与利用甜玉米秸秆的重要性及其应用研究进行了综述.由于农业废弃的秸秆具有产量多、收集成本低、饲料化程度高等特点,在现代畜牧业中展现了良好的应用前景.此外,笔者还对甜玉米秸秆饲料化利用方面尚存在的问题进行了分析.

试验选取年龄相近,体格发育以及大小相对一致的健康状况良好的雷州黑山羊32只,采用单因素随机分组的设计方法,随机分成4组,试验日粮中发酵甜玉米秸秆添加量分别为0%(对照组A组),30%(B组),60%(C组),90%(D组).结果表明,对照组和试验组B、C、D处理的黑山羊每只增重分别为4.55、6.06、7.08、4.64 kg,平均日增重分别为50.58、67.34、78.69、51.56 g,甜玉米秸秆青贮饲料对黑山羊日增重效果明显.随着日粮中甜玉米秸秆青贮饲料比例的提高,黑山羊的日增重也显著增加,以添加60%的甜玉米秸秆青贮饲料组最高,添加30%组次之.

秸秆青贮技术是发展草食动物饲草加工的关键技术之一.制作青贮饲料的关键在于合理控制好原料的水分含量,一般要求原料的水分含量保持在65％左右,而南方地区甜玉米秸秆在收获时一般水分含量在85％左右,水分过高制成的青贮饲料偏酸,饲料容易腐败.在我国北方等地,在制作玉米秸秆青贮饲料时可以通过晾晒的方式达到降低水分的目的,但南方多高温高湿天气,通过晾晒很难降低水分.本试验通过液压原理,集成创新了一套先进的牧草加工设备及其秸秆发酵工艺配套技术,能使青绿的甜玉米秸秆不需要晾晒就可直接进行青贮饲料制作,秸秆中过多的水分在压力的作用下通过管道排出,保证了青贮饲料制作对水分的要求,为南方地区高温高湿条件下青贮饲料制作奠定了坚实的基础.

通过利用多种选择性培养基,从自然发酵不同阶段的甘蔗渣中分离到多种纤雏素分解菌,经过初筛和复筛,获得了降解纤维素的功能菌株clg3-3及其最适功能培养基蛋白胨纤维素培养基(PCS),并通过形态、生理生化和分子综合鉴定得出clg3-3鉴定为木糖氧化无色杆菌(Achromobacter xylosoxidans).

[Objective]The study aimed to screen the starch-degrading bacterium in bagasse and carry on the identification of strains s2g5-1 and s3g4-8.[Method]By using a variety of selective media,varieties of starch degrading bacterium were isolated from the sugar cane bagasse form different stages of natural fermentation,then,primary screening and secondary screening were performed.[Result] Starch-degrading strains s2g5-1 and s3g4-8 were screened,and they were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens according to their morphological,physiological,biochemical and molecular characteristics.[Conclusion]The research provided theoretical basis for factory application of bagasse.

In order to accelerate the fermentation of pineapple residue,various cellulose degrading-bacteria were isolated from naturally fermented pineapple residue by using manifold selective media,and obtained a pineapple residue cellulose degrading strain c3b1-3 through preliminary and repeated screenings with optimal medium of protein cellulose medium(PCS).It was identified as Chryseobacterium sp.according to its morphology,physiology,bio-chemical and molecular characteristics.

为了加快菠萝渣发酵,本试验通过利用多种选择性培养基,从自然发酵的菠萝渣中分离到多种淀粉分解菌,经过初筛和复筛,获得了降解菠萝渣的淀粉降解功能菌株s2b7-1和s2b7-4,筛选出其最适培养基为改良LB培养基及其优化组合。通过形态、生理生化和分子综合鉴定得出s2b7-4菌株为枯草芽胞杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）。

广东农垦立足传统蔗业,以科学发展观为统领,积极实践新技术、新方法和新措施,发展甘蔗产业,建成了全国最大的甘蔗生产机械化综合示范基地.并针对实践中存在的问题,提出了今后发展的措施.

This paper describes the importance of the position Establishment and Management,analyzes the problem and proposes solutions to this problem

Combining with the natural environment condition of Guangdong and Guangxi reclamation areas,this paper summarized the rubber industry’s developing history of these areas,the rubber resumption carried out in recent years and the general planting situation.Under the test of successive natural disasters,the problems and solving approaches were analyzed according to Guangdong and Guangxi reclamation areas’ rubber industry.

概述湛江地区发展热带水果产业的优势、潜力及其与农业产业化、热作产业结构调整的关系 ,指出当前热带水果产业发展存在的主要问题。

对草豆蔻(Alpinia katsumadai Hayata)的产销情况进行调查,结果表明:草豆蔻目前虽然还不是一主要家种品种,但产品用途广泛,市场前景很好.草豆蔻种子团及茎杆麻皮均处于供不应求状态,人工种植草豆蔻可获得较好的经济效益.近5年内,海南的家种面积控制在733～867 hm2以内,种子团年生产量控制在800t以内,茎杆麻皮产量控制在3 000t左右,不会供过于求.

在分析国内外观光农业的发展现状和湛江发展热带观光农业的有利条件基础上,提出了湛江发展热带观光农业的六大发展战略,并阐明了加速这一产业发展的措施.