Zn-0.45Mn alloy in an extruded state was treated by multiple passes of rotary forging. The process generated 1 mm ultrafine grainZn-0.45Mn material with elongation as high as 154.2%. The rotary-forging process induced the onset of dynamic recrystallization accompanied by dislocation annihilation, forming ultrafine grain material with an average grain size of 0.89μm. Immersion experiments revealed that denser corrosion products resulted in a lower rate of Zn-0.45Mn alloy during long-term immersion, and the corrosion rate was maintained at 40μm/year for 30 d. Cytotoxicity and fluorescence staining experiments showed that the Zn-0.45Mn alloy exhibited good biocompatibility. Results indicatedthatrotary forging caused the Zn-0.45Mn alloy to be more plastic, providinggreater possibilities for subsequent practical applications.

Samarium-cobalt (SmCo) magnets have good high-temperature performance, but the corrosion behavior of SmCo magnets in hydrogen conditions has not been studied comprehensively. In this work, the corrosion behavior of Sm2Co17 magnets in a hydrogen environment is assessed using electrolyzing hydrogen. Constant cathode current densities of 0, 6, 12, 25, 50, and 100 mA/cm2 are used to charge the magnet surface with hydrogen in 1 mol/L KOH solution. Results show that as the hydrogen charging current (ic) increases, the amount of hydrogen absorbed by magnets increases gradually, and it reaches saturation when ic approaches the critical threshold of 50 mA/cm2. X-ray diffraction analysis of the physical phase indicates that hydrogen absorption causes lattice expansion of the main phase. With the increase in absorbed hydrogen content, the surface of the cobalt magnet loosens and peels off layer by layer. Consequently, its corrosion resistance and magnetic properties gradually decrease. (c) 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

In this study, the extruded Zn-0.45Li alloy was processed through multiple passes of rotary forging to obtain ultrafine crystalline materials with 3 mm and 1 mm diameters. At 1 mm, the tensile strength reached 610 MPa, and the elongation remained at 38.4 %. The rotary forging treatment promoted the uniform distribution of LiZn4 phase and grain refinement. An extremely strong [0001]//ND basal texture was observed at 1 mm. The immersion and electrochemical experiments indicated that under the influence of the rotary forging process, the corrosion resistance of Zn-0.45Li monotonically decreased, and the final degradation rate was maintained at approximately 40 mu m/year. The results of cytotoxicity tests and fluorescence staining experiments showed that the Zn-0.45Li alloy exhibited excellent cytocompatibility, indicating that the rotary forging process effectively improves the comprehensive performance of Zn-0.45Li and has great potential for application.

Samarium–cobalt (SmCo)magnets have good high-temperature performance, but the corrosion behavior of SmCo magnets in hydrogen conditionshasnot been studied comprehensively. In this work, the corrosion behavior of Sm2Co17 magnets in a hydrogen environment is assessed using electrolyzing hydrogen. Constant cathode current densities of 0, 6, 12, 25, 50, and 100 mA/cm2are used to charge the magnet surface with hydrogen in 1 mol/L KOH solution. Results show that as the hydrogen charging current (ic) increases, the amount of hydrogen absorbed by magnets increases gradually, and it reaches saturation when icapproaches the critical threshold of 50 mA/cm2. X-ray diffraction analysis of the physical phase indicates that hydrogen absorption causes lattice expansion of the main phase. With the increase in absorbed hydrogen content, the surface of the cobalt magnet loosens and peelsoff layer by layer.Consequently,itscorrosion resistance and magnetic properties gradually decrease.

The high-temperature oxidation performance of SP2215 has become an important issue when they were used as superheaters and reheaters exposed to two different high-temperature environments. In this study, the oxidation behavior of SP2215 steel was investigated under steam and an atmosphere of 650–800 °C for 240 h. The microstructural and chemical characterization of the samples were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), a glow discharge optical emission spectrometer (GD-OES), and atomic force microscope (AFM). The kinetic curves of oxidation revealed excellent oxidation resistance under both environments, but significant different oxidation characteristics, oxide film composition, and structure were obvious. In the steam experiment, selective intergranular oxidation was evident at relatively low temperatures, which was attributed to the preference absorption of supercritical water molecules at the grain boundary. Conversely, a double-layer structure of outer Fe2O3 and a small amount of Fe3O4 and inner Cr2O3 was formed uniformly at 800 °C. In the high-temperature atmosphere experiment, a protective chromium film was dominant at 650–700 °C, and a loose multicomponent oxide film was formed at 750–800 °C, primarily consisting of Cr2O3, spinel FeCr2O4, and CuO.

《物理化学》热力学部分是课程的重要章节,本文比较了热力学部分理想气体绝热可逆过程方程式和理想气体单纯PVT变化熵变计算公式的相似性,并提出一种记忆方法-六格子法,有助于帮助学生和教师轻松记住热力学部分的六个计算公式.随后,举例说明理想气体绝热可逆过程方程式和理想气体单纯PVT变化熵变计算公式的应用,为学生的热力学学习增添了乐趣,提高了学生的学习兴趣,有助于学生更好掌握和利用公式去解决实际问题,进一步培养学生对物理化学其他公式归纳总结的能力,从而进一步锻炼学生发现问题、思考问题、分析问题、解决问题、总结问题的能力乃至创新能力等.

以材料化工类专业为例,从教育理念、教学设计、教学方法和课程体系建设等方面进行专创融合改革分析和探讨,提出专创融合的教育理念.通过改革教学方法、教学模式、考核内容和方式等,将双创教育融入到专业教育中,逐步培养学生的创新创业能力,提升学生的综合素质.

根据化工原理实验课程具有工程性和社会性的特点,制定出一套切实可行的信息化背景下的化工原理实验教学内容体系,从信息化背景下化工原理实验资源库的构建、信息化背景下的实验课中和课前的有效衔接以及信息化背景下化工原理实验教学改革的实施着力培养学生科学的自主学习方法,进而提高学生的自主学习能力.

利用共沉淀-浸渍法制得固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/高岭土.以丙二酸和无水乙醇为原料,SO2-4/TiO2/高岭土为催化剂,催化合成丙二酸二乙酯.考察了合成时间、不同带水剂、带水剂使用量、n(乙醇):n(丙二酸)、催化剂使用量、催化剂的重复使用性能等反应条件对酯化反应效率的影响.结果表明,在n(丙二酸)=0.10 mol、n(乙醇):n(丙二酸)=3.0、w(催化剂)=7％、带水剂V(环己烷)=5 mL、t=3 h的条件下,酯化率可达89.60％,催化剂重复使用6次,仍具有较高的活性,表明固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/高岭土催化剂具有良好的催化活性和重复使用性,可以广泛应用于催化反应中.

针对学生在实验中存在的工程语言表述不准确、不规范,工程交流能力差等问题,以培养学生综合表达能力为目的,从教师理念、学生主动性、教学模式、实验报告以及实验预习环节等方面着手对化工原理实验教学进行改革和创新.通过提高教师的自觉性,调动学生的积极性,通过设置"准现场",学生讲解实验、预习答题、小组讨论环节,以小论文的形式书写实验报告等措施,提高了学生整体实践能力,使学生的综合表达能力显著提高.

以氧化石墨烯(GO)和聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)为反应物,采用共混法制备PEI/GO,然后将Fe3O4纳米颗粒分散沉积到PEI/GO表面,得到了复合材料Fe3O4/PEI/GO.利用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法对该材料进行表征,并研究了其对Cu2+的吸附性能.结果 表明,PEI与GO的羧基反应生成了酰胺键,Fe3O4成功沉积在GO表面,GO层状结构的规整性被破坏.Freundlich等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型能更好地拟合Cu2+在Fe3O4/PEI/GO表面的吸附过程,说明该吸附主要受化学作用控制,可能是Fe3O4/PEI/GO表面的胺基、羧基、羟基等活性基团与Cu2+发生了离子交换或络合反应所致.

以木屑为原料,高温热解制备生物炭。以聚乙烯醇为粘结剂,采用混合法将生物炭与果胶复合,并负载磁性,经烘干定型制备果胶包覆的磁性生物炭材料（果胶@生物炭-Fe 3 O 4 ）。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）及N 2 吸附-脱附（BET）等方法对果胶@生物炭-Fe 3 O 4 进行表征,结合吸附实验分析其对Cu 2+ 的吸附特性。结果表明,当生物炭、果胶、Fe 3 O 4 质量比为5∶1∶1,溶液pH值为6,吸附24 h,果胶@生物炭-Fe 3 O 4 对Cu 2+ 吸附效果最好;二级动力学方程能较好地描述果胶@生物炭-Fe 3 O 4 对Cu 2+ 的吸附过程,Freundlich模型能较好地拟合其吸附行为;SEM结果显示该材料具有不规则的孔隙结构;XRD分析显示纳米Fe 3 O 4 是其主要的晶体结构;BET测得其比表面积为25.654 m~2·g -1 ,平均孔径为20.18 nm。

The solid superacid SO42-/TiO2/bentonite was prepared by co-precipitation impregnation method with low-cost bentonite as carrier. Then malonic ester was synthesized from malonic acid and ethyalcohol with the solid superacid catalyst. The effect of experimental reaction conditions on the esterification rate was studied, such as the molar ratio of acid to isobutyl alcohol, the reaction time, the choice of the water-taking agent, the amount of water-taking agent, the amount of catalyst, reusability of the catalyst. The best reaction conditions were found as follows:the amount of malonic acid acid 0.10 mol, n(alcohol):n(acid)=3:1, the dosage of catalyst 1 g, reaction time 3 h, the dosage of cyclohexane 5 mL. Under above conditions, the yield of esterification could reach 90.39%. The catalyst showed high activity after being reused for six times. The results show that the catalyst SO42-/TiO2/bentonite has good activity, and can be used widely.

以USY分子筛为载体,采用共沉淀-浸渍法制备分子筛超强酸SO42-/TiO2/USY,用其催化丙二酸、无水乙醇合成胡萝卜酸乙酯.考察了不同反应时间、带水剂种类、带水剂用量、醇酸比、催化剂用量、催化剂重复使用性等因素对反应酯化率的影响.结果表明:在丙二酸用量为0.1 mol,醇酸摩尔比为3.1:1,催化剂用量为1.0g,反应时间为3h,带水剂环已烷用量为5mL时,酯化率达到92.13％,催化剂重复使用5次以后仍然有很高的活性.说明SO42-/TiO2/USY对该反应具有很强且极稳定的催化活性.

以钛酸丁酯为钛源,Hβ分子筛为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了负载型TiO2/Hβ复合光催化剂,并以甲基橙为模型反应物评价光催化剂的性能。结果发现,催化剂适宜的制备条件是：钛酸丁酯用量为10mL,蒸馏水加入量为3.0mL,乙醇水溶液pH值为3,焙烧温度为500℃。当用4.8g/L催化剂样品处理20mg/L的甲基橙溶液时,降解率为88.7%。

TiO2/Hβ photocatalyst was prepared by sol-gel method using tetrabutyl titanate as raw material and Hβ zeolite as carrier.The methyl orange(MO)was used as the reagent to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst samples.The results showed that the optimum preparation conditions of TiO2/Hβ were the Ti(OC4H9)4 dosage of 10mL,H2O dosage of 3.0mL,ethanol solution pH of 3,calcination temperature of 500℃.When TiO2/Hβ photocatalyst amount was 4.8g,/L,the degradation rate of MO solution(20mg/L)was 88.7%.

The synthesis,blocking and unblocking technologic conditions of hydrogel polyurethane were researched.The results showed that it would improve the bonding strength of hydrogel polyurethane when the hydrophilic polyether polyol was mixed with lipophilic polyether polyol of 10%.And the prepolymer of water-soluble polyurethane was achieved with hydrophilic polyether polyol and lipophilic polyether polyol as the materials at a prepolymerization reaction temperature of 85℃ with TDI and reaction time of 180min.Then the preferable result could be got at a choice of phenol as sealant which was used to seal the water-soluble polyurethane active group,n(-NCO)∶n(-OH)=1∶1.2,dosage of dibutyltin dilaurate as catalyst of 0.3%,unblocking in hot water.

Bifunctional catalysts Ni-Mo/HY-silicalite-1, Ni-Mo/HY+Hsilicalite-1, Ni-Mo/HY were respectively prepared by the impregnation method with HY or the mixture of HY-silicalite-1, HY and Hsilicalite-1 as a carrier. Physical and chemical properties as well as catalytic performance of the bifunctional catalysts were studied. The results showed that all of XRD characteristic peaks of Y and silicalite were observed on the composite zeolite catalysts Ni-Mo/HY-silicalite-1 and HY-silicalite-1. Compared with the pure Y zeolite and its mixture, the surface area and pore volume of Ni-Mo/HY-silicalite-1 and HY-silicalite-1 were smaller respectively. The results of NH3-TPD showed that both the composite zeolites had weak acid sites and strong acid sites. Then the performance of these catalysts for hydrocracking of n-octane was studied in a fixed bed stainless steel tubular reactor. The evaluation result showed that, under the same conditions, the orders of conversion and hydrocracking rate of n-octane were Ni-Mo/HY-silicalite-1>HY-silicalite-1≈Ni-Mo/HY+Hsilicalite-1>Ni-Mo/HY>HY≈HY+Hsilicalite-1. Ni-Mo/HY-silicalite-1 and HY-silicalite-1 showed well n-paraffin selectivity.

In experiments,the students are with problems such as lacking practical abilities and innovation consciousness.Aimed at cultivating the autonomous ability of students,reform and innovation of the principles of chemical engineering experimental teaching are taken from the aspects of teaching mode,experimental content,experimental reports,students learning style and the assessment mode.The engineering aspect of experiment will be reflected through creating a quasi field environment;the experimental project will be optimized through online preview and questions;the students'subjective initiative will be aroused through students'self-teaching experiments.