为明确盐浓度对稻米品质形成的影响及其机制,以江苏省大面积种植水稻品种南粳9108和盐稻12号为试验材料,种植于土培池中,全生育期以盐水灌溉代替淡水灌溉,盐浓度设置0.10％、0.15％、0.20％、0.25％、0.30％、0.35％,并以淡水(盐浓度0％)灌溉为对照(CK),研究不同盐浓度对稻米品质形成的影响.结果 表明,与CK相比,在低盐浓度(0.10％～0.15％)下,直链淀粉含量显著降低,稻米的糙米率、精米率和整精米率增加,稻米淀粉黏滞特性(RVA谱)的峰值黏度、热浆黏度和最终黏度增加,米饭的外观、黏度、平衡度和食味值在0.10％盐浓度下高于CK,南粳9108和盐稻12号的胶稠度在0.10％盐浓度下分别较CK高4.5和3.5 mm;在中、高盐浓度(0.20％～0.35％)下,稻米的加工品质、蒸煮食味品质和稻米淀粉黏滞特性明显降低.稻米的垩白粒率和垩白度随着盐浓度的增加而减小.综上可知,在低盐浓度(0.10％～0.15％)下,稻米的品质总体有一定的改善;高盐浓度(0.35％)下,稻米品质明显变劣.本研究通过分析不同盐浓度下水稻的品质状况,为滩涂水稻高产与品质调优栽培提供了参考.

针对江苏苏中小麦主产区对简化施肥的需求,本研究以扬麦20为试材,以传统高产施肥(共4次施肥,即:基肥+苗肥+拔节肥+剑叶肥)为对照,比较研究了树脂包衣尿素(SZ1)和含腐植酸的控释掺混肥(LM1)一次性基施对小麦产量及其形成的影响.结果 表明:在相同施氮量条件下,一次性基施树脂包衣尿素的产量为6 733.3 kg/hm2,与传统高产施肥(U)获得相似的产量;一次性基施含腐植酸的控释掺混肥的产量为6 933.3 kg/hm2,相比U处理提高了2.21％,差异不显著.两种缓控释肥中,在产量、叶面积指数、干物质积累、氮素积累、氮素利用率方面均呈含腐植酸的控释掺混肥＞树脂包衣尿素的趋势;茎蘖成穗率之间差异不显著.相比树脂包衣尿素,含腐植酸的控释掺混肥在小麦产量、氮素利用率方面效果更好,其释放特点更易满足小麦生长对养分的需求,利于获得高产、稳产.

[目的]旨在研究不同时期追施镁锌肥对优良食味粳稻产量和稻米品质的影响,以期为优良食味粳稻保优调优栽培提供理论依据与技术参考.[方法]大田试验条件下,以优良食味粳稻南粳9108和南粳505为材料,于基肥、蘖肥、穗肥时期分别设置镁肥单施、锌肥单施和镁锌配施处理,并设置不施镁锌肥为CK,研究优质食味粳稻产量和稻米品质对不同时期追施镁锌肥的响应特征.[结果]随追施时期的延迟,追施镁肥处理的产量呈上升趋势,追施锌肥处理的产量呈下降趋势,而镁锌配施处理的产量则呈先下降后上升的趋势.与CK相比,穗肥时期追施镁肥和镁锌配施产量显著提高,且镁锌配施处理产量最高.穗肥时期镁锌配施处理高产的主要原因是增加了单位面积穗数,提高了千粒重,每穗粒数和结实率减少,但最终颖花量仍显著提高.对稻米品质而言,蘖肥和穗肥时期追施锌肥可以改善稻米加工品质.穗肥时期追施镁肥,加工品质和外观品质得到显著改善,蛋白质含量、消减值减少,直链淀粉含量、崩解值增加,最终黏度显著下降,食味值变优;穗肥时期镁锌配施利于加工品质和营养品质改善,但外观品质、蒸煮食味品质等指标有变劣趋势,淀粉RVA谱中最高黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值显著降低,消减值、糊化温度显著提高.[结论]优良食味粳稻穗肥时期追施镁肥具有提高产量和优化稻米品质的作用,可能是保优调优栽培途径之一.

采用大田试验,以优质软米粳稻品种南粳9108和南粳505为材料,研究了不同施肥时期(基肥、分蘖肥、穗肥)追施微肥(镁、锌和镁锌混合肥)对其产量及精米中N、Mg、Zn、Mn、Ca、Cu这6种元素含量与积累的影响.结果表明,不同时期追施锌肥对稻米产量无显著影响,但显著提高了精米中6种元素的含量和积累量;随着追施锌肥时期的推迟,精米中6种元素的含量和积累量呈现下降的趋势.不同时期追施镁肥显著提高了稻米产量及精米中6种元素含量和积累量,且作穗肥追施的处理稻米产量较高;随着镁肥追施时期的推迟,精米中6种元素的含量和积累量呈上升趋势.不同时期追施镁锌混合肥显著提高了稻米产量及精米中6种元素含量和积累量,且作穗肥追施的处理稻米产量和精米中6种元素含量及积累量较高;随着锌镁混合肥追施时期的推迟,稻米产量和6种元素含量及积累量呈先下降后上升的趋势.可见,不同时期追施镁锌肥都能够提高水稻产量及增加精米中氮素和中微量元素的积累,其中,作穗肥追施在提高水稻产量和增加元素吸收上的效果最显著.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor2(TNFR2) of zebrafish was isolated using nest PCR method.The gene was 1 242 bp,encoding 413 amino acids.The deduced molocular mass and pI was 44.68 ku and 5.90 respectively.The realtime qPCR results showed that TNFR2 gene was in "descent-stabilization" pattern during the development period.TNFR2 gene was expressed in different tissues of zebrafish,and highly expressed in muscle,lowly expressed in gut.

本文主要综述了氨基酸螯合物的理化特性、营养功能、在养猪生产中的应用及其发展前景,为猪生产中合理利用现有蛋白质资源,进一步开发利用新型蛋白质资源提供科学的理论参考,为解决蛋白资源不足的问题寻找到一条既经济有效又可持续发展的道路.

Planting density and nitrogen application are two essential factors affecting growth characteristics and aboveground dry matter accumulation of castor plants(Ricinus ccommunis L).A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of planting density and nitrogen application amount on growth characteristics and dry matter accumulation of Zibi 5 and Yunbi TCO202 plants grown on medium saline soil.The suitable planting density for Zibi 5 and Yunbi TCO202 was 13 000 and 16 000 plant·hm-2,respectively.The suitable nitrogen application amount for both cultivars was 120 kg·hm-2.When the nitrogen fertilizer was applied equally at seedling stage and at budding stage,the plant height,leaf number and aboveground dry matter accumulation of castor plants were maintained within reasonable ranges,and high castor bean yield was achieved.The dry weight of aboveground plant at grain filling and ripening stage and castor bean yield were positively correlated(P0.05 or P0.01).The relationship between aboveground dry matter accumulation during flowering stage and castor bean yield could be expressed with an invertedU quadratic equation with one variable.The aboveground dry matter accumulation after flowering and castor bean yield were positively correlated(P0.05 or P0.01).The key point of increasing castor bean yield is to enhance the photosynthetic production after the flowering stage.

桑叶中含有丰富的蛋白质、维生素、微量元素以及天然活性物质,具有抗应激、提高机体抵抗力等功能,是一种开发前景广阔的新型饲料资源。本文主要综述了桑叶在畜禽饲料方面的应用价值及应用前景。

<正>小肽在提高蛋白质合成、消除游离氨基酸的吸收竞争、提高动物生产性能、提高矿物元素的吸收与利用、增强动物机体的免疫力等方面发挥了重要的营养及生理作用。抗菌肽是生物体抵御外源性病原微生物入侵而产生的一类小分子多肽,是动物宿主先天性非特异防御体系的一个重要组成成部分(Lee,2004),具有良好的广谱抗菌作用,兼具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒等生物活性,同时作为一种高效安全的绿色添加剂,对畜禽的生长具有促进作用,成为抗生素禁用后的热点替代品。

铬参与动物机体的碳水化合物、脂类、蛋白质和核酸代谢,是动物生长发育过程中必不可少的一种微量元素,对猪的生产性能、胴体品质、肉质、免疫功能都有一定的影响。本文综述了铬对猪营养的作用效果及机理,为铬在猪营养中的应用提供参考。

Potassium absorption in crops is affected by the content of soil available potassium,planting density,and the supply of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil.The overuse of potassium and unusual high content of soil available potassium may result into the luxury absorption of potassium in plants.With Zibi 5 and Yunbi TCO-202 as the tested cultivars,the absorption of potassium in castor plants grown on medium saline soil without potassium application were studied under different treatments of planting density and nitrogen applied amount.The absorption of potassium was significantly affected by planting density and nitrogen applied amount.At the planting density level of 13 000 plant·hm-2 and the nitrogen applied amount of 120 kg·hm-2,the yield of Zibi 5 was the highest;and 9.55 kg K2O was needed to produce 100 kg castor bean.For Yunbi TCO-202,the highest yield was obtained when the planting density was 16 000 plant·hm-2 and the nitrogen application amount was 120 kg·hm-2;11.16 kg K2O was needed to produce 100 kg castor bean.The rate of potassium absorption at seedling stage was very low,increased at budding stage,and reached the peak at flowering stage.Compared with Zibi 5,the rate of potassium absorption at flowering stage and graining filling and ripening stage was significantly higher in Yunbi TCO-202.For both cultivars,the absorption of potassium in the whole plant and in the inflorescence was positively correlated to castor bean yield at the 0.05 or 0.01 probability level.The relationship between the absorption of potassium in the leaves and in the stems,and the castor bean yield was expressed with an inverted-U quadratic equation.Under the conditions of this study,the application of potassium can probably increase the yield of castor bean.But the application should be conducted at the flowering stage so as to promote the growth of inflorescence and grain filling.

Four hundred and fifty one day-old AA broilers were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups(control group and five treatment groups).The diets of five treatment groups were supplemented with acidifier by the levels of 0.10 %,0.15 %,0.2 %,0.25 % and 0.3 %,respectively.The results showed that the compound acidifier supplementation significantly reduced the pH and acid-binding capacity of diets.The crude protein,energy,Ca and P availability in ration were significantly increased(P < 0.05).The optimal supplementation of compound acidifier was 0.15 %.

One thousand and eighty 27-week old broilers were randomly divided into 6 treatments with 3 replicates,and each replicate had 60 broilers,to study nutritional requirement for laying peak.A,B,C group were fed with diets con-taining about 15.5 %,16.5 %,17.3 % protein respectively,while A',B',C' group were fed with diets,which were cotton seed meal and rapeseed meal partly replacing soybean meal in A,B,C diet.The results showed as follows:diets with dif-ferent nutrition levels significantly influenced the egg laying rate,feed/egg ration and feed consumption;Different nutrition level diets had no significant influence on egg weight,soft-shelled ration of broilers.Metabolizable energy(ME) 11.26 MJ/ kg and crude protein(CP)17.25 % in diets C' was the best diet for broilers in laying peak.

The effects of potassium and mepiquat chloride on plant type and yield of high quality cotton line FZ-1 were studied.Application of mepiquat chloride decreased plant height,number and length of fruit branches and length of internodes,while increased the diameter of internodes.Application of potassium fertilizer increased the length of fruit branches,number ratio of fruit nodes to fruit branches,and the diameter of internodes.When 360 kg/hm2 potassium was applied and mepiquat chloride was applied twice at the stages of full-budding and initial flowering or three times at the stages of full-budding,initial flowering,and full flowering,the cotton plant was with suitable type,high boll number and single boll weight;and the lint cotton yield could reach 1 528.25 and 1 525.08 kg/hm2 respectively.

选择1日龄AA肉仔鸡450只,随机分成对照组和5个试验组,研究日粮中添加不同水平的复合酸化剂对肉仔鸡屠宰性能及营养物质利用率的影响。5个试验组日粮中的酸化剂添加量分别为0.1%、0.15%、0.2%、0.25%和0.3%,试验期为42 d。结果表明:添加复合酸化剂显著降低了各试验组日粮系酸力,显著提高了半净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率,对屠宰率、腹脂率无显著影响,显著提高生长阶段饲料蛋白、干物质、能量、钙和磷的表观消化率。根据研究结果得出,添加量0.15%效果最佳。

试验旨在研究复合酸化剂对肉仔鸡消化道pH值和消化酶活性的影响.选用420只1日龄健康AA肉仔鸡,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复35只.4种试验日粮分别是在基础日粮中添加0、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%的复合酸化剂配制而成.试验期21和42 d,每个重复随机取2只,测定不同消化段pH值、腺胃和肌胃内容物的蛋白酶活性以及十二指肠和空肠内容物的蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性,结果表明:试验期21 d,日粮中添加0.2%复合酸化剂组显著降低了嗉囊、腺胃、肌胃和十二指肠的pH值(P＜0.05),添加0.3%复合酸化剂组显著降低了嗉囊和腺胃的pH值(P＜0.05),添加0.2%和0.3%复合酸化剂可以显著提高十二指肠的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性(P＜0.05);试验期42 d,日粮添加0.3%复合酸化剂显著降低了空肠pH值(P＜0.05),添加0.2%复合酸化剂可以显著提高十二指肠淀粉酶活性(P＜0.05),添加0.3%复合酸化剂可以显著提高十二指肠蛋白酶活性(P＜0.05).研究表明,添加复合酸化剂组对消化道前段pH值影响显著,日粮中添加0.2%复合酸化剂能够有效降低消化道的pH值,并能提高十二指肠蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活性.

山楂作为一种中草药饲料添加剂应用在畜牧生产中以降低饲料消耗、防治疾病、提高成活率、促进动物生长发育、提高经济效益.近年来,山楂在饲料中的开发应用越来越受到人们的关注,再度掀起研究和利用的高潮.

Selenium participates in the metabolism of protein,amino acid,nucleic acid,fat,carbohydrates,vitamine and microelement in the animals,and play important roles in improving performance,immunity,and meat quality in chicks.This ariticle reviewed the effect and mechanism of selenium and its application in chick nutrition.

硒是动物生命活动中所必需的微量元素,参与动物体内蛋白质、氨基酸、核酸、脂肪、碳水化合物和维生素以及微量元素等营养物质的代谢,能调节甲状腺激素的代谢,并能拮抗和降低某些有毒元素及物质的毒性,在提高动物免疫力、生产性能、改善肉品质方面也有重要的作用.综述了硒对水产动物的作用效果及机理,为硒在水产动物中进一步运用提供参考.

溶菌酶具有类似抗生素药物的抗菌、消炎、抗病毒等作用。本文综述了溶菌酶在预防仔猪腹泻方面的应用进展,针对其作为饲料添加剂对仔猪腹泻的预防进行探索研究,为生产中认识和使用溶菌酶提供参考。