ABSTRACT Overcoming sulfur poisoning in dry reforming of methane (DRM), which is a critical process for biogas upgrading, is particularly challenging. In this study, we illustrate that a reverse lattice oxygen spillover (RLOS) from CeO 2 to Pt on the Pt‐O‐Ce interface, induced by CO 2 , can oxidize S into SO 2 , aiding in the removal of S deposits. A low oxygen migration barrier at the Pt–O–Ce interface and Pt's high activity for oxidizing sulfur to SO 2 make Pt/CeO 2 uniquely effective at self‐recovering after H 2 S poisoning. Furthermore, the atomically dispersed Pt/CeO 2 catalyst undergoes reaction driven adaptive restructuring, which amplifies the RLOS effect and enables dynamic S deposition and removal. As a result, the catalysts maintain constant DRM activity for 100 h, even in the presence of H 2 S. This discovery paves the way for designing catalysts that resist sulfur poisoning in H 2 S‐containing streams.

The classical essential work of fracture (EWF) method is effective for characterizing intrinsic fracture energy () of weakly dissipative materials. But it overestimates by an order of magnitude in strongly viscoelastic systems due to bulk dissipation (). To address this, a modified two-step linear regression method was developed. The was first eliminated by extrapolating the fracture energy (w) data to zero sample length prior to implementing the classical EWF method. The of soft materials with strong viscoelasticity was then characterized, which is of the same order of magnitude as the expected value. It increases with the loading rate, which can be accurately described by the Chaudhury model. The respective contributions of the , and dissipation surrounding the ligament () to the w were also quantitatively analyzed. These findings provide insight into fracture mechanisms of soft materials with strong viscoelasticity.

Contact electrification (CE) remains a critical challenge in advanced material technologies where uncontrolled surface charging can compromise manufacturability, reliability, and performance of the materials for practical applications. Ultrathin glass with micrometer-scale thickness is a state-of-the-art specialty oxide material for flexible touchscreens in new-generation electronic devices. Despite extensive studies on CE on thermally grown oxide thin films, the physical and chemical properties of the stand-alone ultrathin oxide materials could be very different and thus lead to distinct CE behaviors. Such behaviors have not been experimentally investigated due to the challenge of their ultrathin form factor as well as the lack of experimental methods that would allow the successful study of CE on stand-alone ultrathin glass materials. Here, we, for the first time, visualize and quantify CE-induced surface charges on ultrathin glasses using sideband-mode Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). To enable the KPFM measurement, we have established experimental strategies, including electrode preparation enabling the measuring circuit, and surface cleaning procedures improving surface activation and hydrophilicity. Nanosized atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes were used to scan and induce triboelectric charges on the stand-alone glass surfaces with a variety of thicknesses (30-100 μm) under ultrapure N2 conditions. Time-dependent measurements reveal the surface charges on a 30 μm-thick glass sample decay from 4.47 to 0.37 V in 240 min. Moreover, we found that electrostatic charges exhibit a capacitor-like discharging behavior primarily through the bulk material yielding a long relaxation time constant of ∼41 min, which is different from the lateral surface discharging behavior in a thermally grown SiO2 thin film reported previously. Furthermore, the thickness-dependent surface charging effect was characterized for the ultrathin glass substrates, where the change in contact potential difference between the charged and uncharged region (ΔVCPD) was found to remain nearly constant across this thickness range from 1.39 ± 0.17 V at 30 μm to 1.34 ± 0.29 V at 100 μm. A self-capacitance analytical model was developed and employed to estimate the corresponding surface charge density (σ), yielding comparable values of 136.26 ± 16.25 μC/m2 at 30 μm and 131.44 ± 28.41 μC/m2 at 100 μm. Additionally, the external bias applied to the AFM tips can be used to enhance, suppress, or invert the intrinsic CE response of glass materials. This work extends nanoscale CE characterization beyond oxide thin films to stand-alone oxide materials, providing a framework to understand and manipulate electrostatic charging in glass systems for practical applications.

This study investigates the enhancement of epoxy resin (EP) for metal corrosion protection by addressing its inherent brittleness and susceptibility to voids and cracks during curing. We employed 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to silanize aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and graphene oxide (GO), resulting in a modified GO filler (FGO). A novel EP composite (EP-FGO) was then formulated through solution blending techniques, with varying ratios of Al2O3 and GO. Our findings indicate that the optimal modification ratio of Al2O3 to GO is 0.5:1. Mechanical property testing revealed that the EP-FGO composites achieved peak performance with 0.3 % FGO addition, resulting in a tensile strength of 35 MPa, a flexural strength of 73.8 MPa, an impact strength of 9.361 kJ/m2, and a hardness of 68 HD. These results collectively demonstrate the superior mechanical performance of the composite, indicating its potential for improved durability in practical applications.

Owing to their strong nonlinearity, cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanostructures are promising platforms for investigating the fundamental physics of light-matter interactions. However, observing the strong exciton-photon interactions in CdS microstructures at room temperature continues to present significant challenges, primarily because of the limited exciton binding energy. This study reports the direct observation of the interaction between excitons and microcavity photons in Sndoped CdS microsheets without extreme fabrication conditions. Using angle-resolved photoluminescence (ARPL) spectroscopy, Rabi splitting of polaritons up to 163 meV was obtained at room temperature. Additionally, the temporal lasing dynamics of the Sn-doped CdS microsheets were investigated using a streak camera system. Most importantly, exciton-polariton condensation and coherent exciton-polariton lasing in the Sn-doped CdS microsheet was observed at room temperature. These results advance the fundamental understanding of exciton-polaritons in Sn-doped CdS microsheets and their applications in miniaturized microlaser devices.

The tribovoltaic effect is a newly discovered physical phenomenon at the sliding interface of two semiconductor materials. However, its mechanism is still under investigation, and recent research on the effects of temperature provides a unique way to understand the tribovoltaic effect. Here, a pulsed infrared irradiation of atomic force microscopy-infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) is used to generate a local temperature increase from 0 to 140 degrees C to stimulate the "flash temperature" at sliding interfaces. The results show that when the temperature rise is about 140 degrees C, the tribovoltaic current can be increased for 25-fold. The local temperature rise has an enhancement on the tribovoltaic effect with a linear relationship between the instantaneous temperature rise and the tribo-current increment. Based the results, an energy band model is proposed, in which impurity states introduced by thermal decomposition of polystyrene sulfonate (PSS-) is considered to be one of the main reasons to promote the carrier transition. On the other hand, local temperature rise can bring stronger bonding interactions and produce more "bindington" to increase the generation efficiency of the electron-hole pairs. The findings have important guiding significance for improving the output, and developing applications of the tribovoltaic effect through friction interface design.

Contact electrification (CE) (or triboelectrification) is a common phenomenon occurring between any two materials or two states of a material. However, CE in semiconductor materials poses a highly complex problem. In 2019, Wang proposed the tribovoltaic effect, suggesting that the energy released by the formation and breaking of chemical bonds between interface atoms (bindington) may excite local electron–hole pairs, which will be separated by the built-in electric field, generating a DC. In recent years, the tribovoltaic effect has been extensively studied as a novel energy-conversion mechanism, leading to the development of higher power density generators and novel sensor devices. This article will review the development of the tribovoltaic effect, introduce the fundamentals of semiconductor interface CE, discuss the influence mechanisms of working parameters and materials on it, and propose some potential applications based on this effect. The paper reviews the development of the tribovoltaic effect on semiconductor interfaces. Various forms of tribovoltaic nanogenerators (TVNGs) are discussed, including semiconductor–semiconductor, metal–semiconductor, metal–insulator–semiconductor, liquid–semiconductor, and others. It summarizes the effects of material parameters such as resistivity, metal type, and operational parameters such as speed, pressure, and humidity on CE. Furthermore, the application of the tribovoltaic effect in mechanical energy conversion is elucidated. Finally, the article offers insights into the potential application fields and future development prospects of the tribovoltaic effect.

The 2D nanomaterial has been widely used in the field of electromagnetic wave absorption because of its high specific surface area and special electrical properties. In this work, three 2D materials were integrated to form a unique ternary composite with Ti3C2Tx MXene as the substrate, RGO as the intercalator with additional components, and CoFe-LDH loaded on the MXene/RGO surface. The interfacial and dipole polarizations were notably enhanced due to the abundant formation of heterogeneous interfaces between the three 2D materials and their corresponding abundant functional groups and defects, and the space between the 2D lamellae enabled multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves. Compared with pure MXene, the MXene/RGO/CoFe-LDH composites exhibited excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance due to the synergy of multiple loss mechanisms, resulting in the best reflection loss value of -58.9 dB at 13.12 GHz.

Perovskites are promising electrocatalysts for solid oxide cells (SOCs) due to their tunable structures. The reactivity/stability can be effectively enhanced by tuning the spin, whereas few studies have been able to elucidate the correlation between spin and reactivity/stability. Herein, the double-exchange effect coupling spin modulation is studied for Sr2Fe1.3Ni0.2Mo0.5O6, which exhibits a current density of 2.48 A cm-2 with high stability at 800 °C and 1.5 V as the cathode in CO2 reduction. Based on Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations, it is revealed that the doped Ni induces an additional double-exchange effect with enhanced conductivity coupling spin modulation. It produces high-spin Fe4+ (t2g3eg1) with vacant eg orbitals which can accommodate additional electrons from the lone pairs of oxygen, thus facilitating CO2 reduction by enhancing CO2 adsorption and weakening CO adsorption. This work provides a general strategy for the design of SOC electrocatalysts.

Developing coatings with improved resistance to corrosion and wear for use in extreme environments is critical for advancing the marine engineering sector. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was modified with tea polyphenols (TP) and further combined with nano-ZnO to fabricate a tea polyphenol-modified graphene oxide/zinc oxide (TP-GO@ZnO) composite material. The composite material was incorporated into the polyester resin (PR) coating at a ratio of 0.1–2.0wt

The design of the material structure significantly influences microwave absorption properties. Enhancing electromagnetic performance requires the creation of diverse and heterogeneous interfaces to promote extensive wave reflections. This study developed 3D composites with point (NiFe-LDH), line (multi-walled carbon nano-tubes, MWCNTs), and surface (reduced graphene oxide, RGO) architectures using ultrasonic stirring and a hydrothermal process, aiming to achieve improved electromagnetic properties. At a Ni:Fe ratio of 3:1, MWCNTs are interspersed within the layers of reduced RGO, forming a distinctive three-dimensional network structure. Additionally, on the MWCNTs/RGO composite's surface, NiFe-LDH flakes grow uniformly. The resulting composite exhibits an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.2 GHz and a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of-57.93 dB at a thickness of 1.64 mm. Furthermore, a thickness of 1.70 mm achieves a maximum EAB of 6.88 GHz. These results demonstrate that the MWCNTs/RGO/NiFe-LDH composite provides a broad microwave absorption bandwidth and high absorption efficiency, making it a promising candidate for developing advanced materials for microwave absorption applications.

Dexterous manipulation in robotics requires coordinated sensing, signal processing, and actuation for real-time, precise object control. Despite advances, the current artificial tactile sensory system lacks the proficiency of the human sensory system in detecting multidirectional forces and multimodal stimuli. To address this limitation, we present a bio-inspired "slip-actuated" tactile sensing system, incorporating dynamic direct-current generator into stretchable electronic textile. This self-powered bionic tactile sensing system operates in conjunction with a normal force sensor, paralleling the functions of human rapid-adapting and slow-adapting mechanoreceptors, respectively. Furthermore, we tailor and integrate the bionic tactile sensing system with robotic fingers, creating a bionic design that mimics human skin and skeleton with mechanoreceptors. By embedding this system into the feedback loop of robotic fingers, we are able to achieve fast slip and grasp monitoring, as well as effective object manipulation. Moreover, we perform quantitative analysis based on Hertzian contact mechanics to fundamentally understand the dependency of output on force and velocity in our sensor system. The results of this work provide an artificial tactile sensing mechanism for AI-driven smart robotics with human-inspired tactile sensing capabilities for future manufacturing, healthcare, and human-machine interaction.

The construction of multihollow lightweight wave absorbing materials is a future goal. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) offer a great potential for electromagnetic wave absorption given their lamellar texture and tunable bimetallic composition. In this study, CoFe-LDH was grown on 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane-modified reduce graphene oxide (RGO) surfaces through a hydrothermal method, and composites with different morphologies and wave-absorbing properties were obtained at varying molar ratios of Fe to Co in CoFe-LDH. When Fe: Co=5:5, CoFe-LDH flakes grew uniformly on the RGO surface, and the composite exhibited an excellent microwave absorption performance with a minimum reflection loss of -60.0 dB and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.4 GHz. When Fe: Co=3:7, the composite can obtain a maximum EAB of 5.12 GHz at a matched thickness of 1.82 mm.

Coal gasification fine slag (CGFS) is rich in unburned residual carbon, silica and alumina, and has a large specific surface area, making it a potential polymer-reinforcing filler. Tea polyphenol (TP)-modified coal gasification fine slag (TP-CGFS-T) was prepared using flotation and modification methods in this study. The effects of unmodified and modified CGFS-T on the sulfurization performance, processing properties, thermal stability, fracture morphology, and mechanical properties of natural rubber composite materials were investigated. Results indicated that after TP modification, CGFS-T exhibited highly uniform dispersion on the surface without the agglomeration of fillers. When the dosage of TP-CGFS-T was 20 phr, the comprehensive performance of the natural rubber (NR) composite material was optimal, with a tensile strength of 12.12 MPa, the elongation at break of 1208.83%, the tear strength of 30.94 kN/m, and the shore hardness of 38.7 A. As the amount of TP-CGFS-T increased, the scorch time of NR increased, which enhanced the processing safety of rubber. This study provides a strategy for treating CGFS, which can both reduce the pollution caused by CGFS and save costs for NR composite materials.Highlight The CGFS is separated into concentrate and tailings by flotation. The compatibility between fillers and the matrix is enhanced by TP modification of CGFS-T. The composite materials show excellent mechanical and processing properties. Coal gasification fine slag separation and modification process diagram. image

On the basis of the complex environment of port terminals, the corrosion resistance of coatings for accompanying metal facilities is a primary factor that needs to be considered. This study prepared polydopamine-modified graphene oxide loaded with silicon dioxide (PGO@SiO2) functional filler, which was incorporated into polyester resin (PR) by extrusion mixing. The PGO@SiO2/PR composite coating was obtained by electrostatic spraying and high-temperature curing. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and other results confirmed the successful preparation of the PGO@SiO2 functional filler. In addition, contact angle, adhesion, and corrosion resistance tests were performed on the composite coating. Compared with pure PR coating, the surface hydrophobicity and adhesion of the composite coating were significantly improved compared with the pure PR coating. Furthermore, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the carbon steel substrate composite coating confirmed that after immersion in salt solution, the low-frequency impedance modulus of the composite coating could be maintained at 8.63 x 108 Omegacm2, which was more than two orders of magnitude higher than that of the pure PR coating. Thus, PGO@SiO2 could significantly enhance the corrosion resistance of the PR coating and hinder the infiltration of corrosive media. It has broad prospects for engineering applications because of its excellent anticorrosive performance. Schematic diagram of preparation process and corrosion resistance mechanism of PGO@SIO2/PR composite coating. image

Optimizing the heterostructure design is crucial for maximizing the electrochemical activity and electronic properties essential for supercapacitors. Herein, we developed a Co-MOFs-based substrate to create a built-in electric field within the heterostructure, significantly enhancing energy storage kinetics and electrode conductivity. Experimental results highlighted the pivotal role of heterostructures in enhancing supercapacitor materials, as evidenced by measurements of charge transfer coefficient and hydroxide diffusion coefficient. The synthesized Co4S3/MoS2/MnS composite exhibited exceptional specific capacitance of 590 F g(-1) at 1 A g(-1), while demonstrating outstanding cycling stability with over 90% retention after 45,000 cycles. Furthermore, the assembled asymmetric supercapacitor device exhibits an energy density of 30 W h kg(-1) at a power density of 800 W kg(-1), maintaining 93% of its initial specific capacity even after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles. The synergistic effects of the internal electric field within Co4S3/MoS2/MnS heterostructure, characterized by a porous structure, diverse redox chemistries, and high conductivity, facilitated enhanced hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) and supercapacitor performance. This leads to significant enhancement of their complementary electrocatalytic HER and supercapacitor energy storage performance. This study highlights the promising potential of incorporating a built-in electric field within electrode materials to elevate the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors and HER, paving the way for future advancements in energy storage technologies.

Organosulfur compounds, such as sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN), are a class of promising cost-effective and eco-friendly cathode materials for lithium-sulfur (Li–S) batteries. However, the notorious polysulfide shuttling effect seriously deteriorates the cycling stability of SPAN in ether electrolyte, especially under practical testing conditions of high sulfur loading, lean electrolyte, and limited Li excess. In this work, a multiscale design strategy is proposed to improve the performance of SPAN cathode. The carbon framework of SPAN is selenized at molecular level to promote fast Li+/electron conduction, while the meso-to-macroscopic conductive network could provide contiguous electronic/ion pathways. In addition, a nanoscaled robust cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) is in situ formed to suppress the polysulfide shuttling. Impressively, the as-designed cathode realizes rapid and stable lithium storage with 77% of capacity retention over 200 cycles under high mass loading of ~7 mg cm−2, low electrolyte/sulfur ratio of ~2.9 μL mg−1, and limited N/P ratio of 1.5. It is believed that the multiscale design strategy could pave a new avenue for fabricating stable organosulfur cathodes for next-generation energy storage.