Background This multi-center study aimed to investigate the association between the ZJU index, a composite indicator of metabolic disturbance, and the prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Clinical data from inpatients in an in-hospital cohort and the NHANES 2005-2018 database were analyzed. The association between the ZJU index and the presence of OA and RA was assessed using multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, and medication use. Z-score transformation of the ZJU index was applied to estimate odds ratios (OR) per 1-standard deviation (SD) increase. The discriminative performance of the ZJU index was compared with body mass index (BMI) using DeLong's test. Subgroup and dose-response analyses were conducted to assess the robustness and shape of the associations. Results A total of 1,961 participants from the in-hospital cohort and 13,548 eligible participants from the NHANES database were included. In fully adjusted models, each 1-SD increase in the ZJU index was significantly associated with higher odds of OA (in-hospital: OR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.46-2.54; NHANES: OR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.27-1.62) and RA (in-hospital: OR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.17-2.04; NHANES: OR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.04-1.53). The ZJU index demonstrated predictive performance comparable to or exceeding that of BMI. Dose-response analyses revealed continuous linear associations for both OA and RA (P for non-linearity>0.05), with no apparent threshold effects. Robust consistency was observed across subgroups, irrespective of anti-inflammatory medication use. Conclusion This study provides insights into the metabolic-inflammatory link underlying OA and RA and suggests that the ZJU index may serve as a valuable tool for metabolic assessment and phenotyping in the management of joint diseases.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the predictive value of the systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) for clinical efficacy of acupuncture combined with exercise rehabilitation in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods In this retrospective observational study, 151 patients with radiographically confirmed Kellgren–Lawrence Grade II or III KOA who completed an 8‐week standardized protocol of acupuncture and exercise rehabilitation were enrolled. Clinical efficacy was defined as the attainment of minimal clinically important improvement (MCII) in both the 11‐point Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain (≥ 2‐point reduction) and the 68‐point WOMAC function subscale (≥ 6‐point improvement, Likert version 3.1). Baseline demographic, clinical, and hematological data were collected, and SII was subsequently calculated from baseline hematological parameters. Uni‐ and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors of treatment response. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to assess the discriminative ability of SII, body mass index (BMI), and lymphocyte count, individually and in combination. Results Of the 151 patients, 73 were classified as responders and 78 as nonresponders. Baseline BMI and SII were significantly lower, while lymphocyte count was higher in the effective group (all p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression identified BMI (OR = 0.596, 95% CI: 0.472–0.753), lymphocyte count (OR = 34.597, 95% CI: 3.234–370.131), and SII (OR = 0.912, 95% CI: 0.873–0.953) as independent predictors of treatment response. ROC analysis showed that SII demonstrated only moderate predictive power (AUC = 0.749, 95% CI: 0.670–0.828), with improved but still moderate accuracy when combined with BMI and lymphocyte count (AUC = 0.858, 95% CI: 0.799–0.917). Conclusion Although SII is an independent and accessible biomarker for predicting clinical efficacy, its discriminative ability is moderate. A combined model incorporating SII, BMI, and lymphocyte count may provide better, though not strong, predictive performance and could support clinical decision‐making and individualized treatment planning. However, the retrospective single‐center design may introduce selection bias and limit generalizability. Residual confounding from unmeasured variables cannot be excluded, and the absence of longitudinal SII measurements limits evaluation of temporal changes. Future multicenter prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings.

Casimersen is an antisense oligonucleotide used to treat patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), with mutations amenable to exon 45 skipping. However, real-world safety data are limited. This study used the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database to describe post-marketing adverse event reporting patterns associated with casimersen, identify disproportionality signals at the preferred term level, and characterize their onset patterns and affected organ systems. FAERS reports from 2004 to 2024 involving casimersen were extracted, deduplicated, and coded using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA). Disproportionality analyses were performed using four validated algorithms: Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN) and Empirical Bayesian Geometric Mean (EBGM). Signals that met all four criteria were considered statistically significant. Time-to-onset and subgroup analyses according to age and sex were also performed. Among 21,964,449 FAERS reports, 598 listed casimersen as the primary suspect, predominantly in males (98.5

This study evaluated the clinical value of a "immuno-metabolic co-management" strategy by investigating the association between glucose-lowering agents (metformin, insulin, and acarbose) and readmission risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study included up to 10 years of longitudinal follow-up data from 616 patients with RA and comorbid T2DM. A shared Gamma frailty model was utilized to analyze unplanned readmission. Furthermore, inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was employed to control for confounding, followed by validation. Subgroup interaction tests and sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate model robustness. In the weighted multivariable analysis, metformin and insulin use were significantly associated with a lower risk of readmission (metformin: HR = 0.56, 95%CI: 0.46-0.70, P < 0.001; insulin:HR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.52-0.81, P < 0.001), respectively, whereas acarbose showed no statistically significant correlation with the readmission risk (HR = 0.97, P = 0.790). Subgroup interaction analyses indicated that the observed associations were largely consistent across clinical strata. Notably, the inverse association with metformin was more pronounced among patients receiving concomitant glucocorticoids (P for interaction = 0.003). These primary findings remained robust in multiple sensitivity analyses. In conclusion, metformin and insulin are associated with a lower risk of unplanned readmission in patients with RA and comorbid T2DM. These findings highlight the potential clinical relevance of "immuno-metabolic co-management", although future prospective studies are needed to validate these observations.

Objective: To investigate the causal relationship between alcohol consumption frequency and generalized osteoarthritis (OA) risk using Mendelian randomization (MR), and to quantify the potential mediating role of plasma lipids. Methods: A two-sample MR and two-step mediation analysis were performed using large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Alcohol intake frequency was the primary exposure. Mediators included total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method served as the primary framework, supplemented by multivariable MR (MVMR) to control for body mass index (BMI). Results: Genetically predicted higher alcohol intake frequency was significantly associated with an increased risk of generalized OA (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.12–1.45, P < 0.001). Two-step mediation analysis identified a statistically significant, albeit modest, indirect effect through TC levels ( β = 0.0096, 95% CI: 0.0008–0.0184, P = 0.032), accounting for 4.03% of the total effect. Other lipid fractions (TG, HDL-C, LDL-C) and site-specific OA (knee/hip) yielded no significant causal mediation. Crucially, MVMR confirmed that the detrimental causal effect of alcohol on generalized OA remained highly stable and independent after adjusting for BMI ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: Increased alcohol consumption frequency is a genetically-supported risk factor for generalized OA, independent of obesity-related mechanical loading. Although circulating TC acts as a statistically valid mediator, its minor mediation proportion suggests that the "alcohol–TC–OA" pathway represents only a small component of a more complex pathogenic network.

We aim to establish the fingerprint profile of Er Miao San (EMS) that aims to accurately evaluate the quality of EMS samples and to identify quality markers for different batches of EMS and explore its related targets and pathways for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. HPLC was employed with an Agilent C18 column. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were conducted by using SPSS and SIMCA software. Network pharmacology techniques were utilized to explore the potential targets and pathways of EMS in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The HPLC fingerprint profile of EMS was established, featuring a total of 15 common peaks, among which nine were identified. The 10 batches of medicinal materials could be clustered into three categories. With VIP > 1 as the criterion, four index differential components were screened out. These intersections were imported into the STRING database and Cytoscape software, resulting in 228 intersection targets. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed on the related targets and pathways. The established method can effectively analyze the quality differences of EMS from different origins. The screened targets and pathways are of great significance for analyzing the differences in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by different batches of EMS.

To investigate the effect of glucocorticoids (GCs) on the risk of readmission in menopausal women with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The study cohort comprised 80 menopausal women with knee OA treated at a tertiary hospital affiliated with Shanxi Medical University and who underwent follow-up between September 2018 and September 2023. Then the collected longitudinal monitoring data were used to construct a semi-variable coefficient shared Gamma frailty model (VCSGF). Based on the results of this model, we explored the impact of GCs on menopausal women with knee OA and made risk predictions. The mean patient age at study entry was 64.7 ± 9.3 (range 50–82 years). And during the research, patients were admitted to the hospital a mean of 2.4 ± 1.8 times (range 1–11 times). Compared to patients who have not used the drug, the risk of early readmission in patients who have used GCs was reduced by 96 P<0.001 ). This protective effect diminished over time ( γ _2l(t_0)=0.629,P<0.001 ). In addition, the risk of hospital admission with recurrent symptoms was roughly 3.35-fold higher in patients who drink alcohol than in patients who do not (95 P<0.001 ). GC use reduced the risk of readmission in menopausal women with knee OA, although this effect diminished over time. Therefore, in patients without further contraindications, GCs may be used in moderation to reduce the readmission risk. In clinical practice, additional research is needed to investigate the timing and appropriate use of GC in the treatment of menopausal women with knee OA, and to develop a more rational program for GC use.

Abstract Background Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) exhibit potential as therapeutics for a variety of diseases. This observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) study aims to explore the relationship between omega-3 PUFAs and osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Excluding individuals under 20 years old and those with missing data on relevant variables in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 2003 to 2016, a total of 22 834 participants were included in this cross-sectional study. Weighted multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to estimate the association between omega-3 PUFAs and OA in adults. Moreover, restricted cubic splines were utilized to examine the dose-response relationship between omega-3 PUFAs and OA. To further investigate the potential causal relationship between omega-3 PUFAs and OA risk, a two-sample MR study was conducted. Furthermore, the robustness of the findings was assessed using various methods. Results Omega-3 PUFAs intake were inversely associated with OA in adults aged 40 ∼ 59 after multivariable adjustment $$[\text{OR} (95\% \text{CI): }0.85 (0.73, 0.98), P = 0.027]$$, with a nonlinear relationship observed between omega-3 PUFAs intake and OA $$\left(P \text{ for non-linearity}\text{ = 0.034}\right)$$. The IVW results showed there was no evidence to suggest a causal relationship between omega-3 PUFAs and OA risk $$\text{[OR} (95\% \text{CI): }0.967 (0.863, 1.084), P = 0.568]$$. Conclusions Omega-3 PUFAs were inversely associated with OA in adults aged 40 ∼ 59. However, MR studies did not confirm a causal relationship between the two.

Objective:To analyze the efficacy and safety of curcumin in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.Methods:The randomized controlled trials of curcumin in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis published from January 2011 to August 2021 were retrieved. The bias risk of the included literatures was evaluated by Revman 5.3 software, and the efficacy related indexes and the incidence of adverse events were analyzed by Stata 16.0 software. The weighted mean difference ( WMD) was calculated for the difference of efficacy indexes, the odds ratio ( OR) was calculated for the difference of safety indexes, the difference was compared by t test. Results:① A total of 9 relevant literatures were included, all of which were in English. ② A total of 724 patients were included in the study, of which 383 were treated with curcumin capsules and 341 were treated with placebo. ③ The visual analogue scale/score (VAS) of patients treated with oral curcumin at 3-4, 6 and 8 weeks were significantly lower than those of patients treated with oral placebo, the differences were statistically significant [weighted mean difference ( WMD)=-1.09, 95% CI (-1.44, -0.73), P<0.001; WMD=-1.52, 95% CI (-2.35, -0.69), P<0.001; WMD=-1.20, 95% CI(-1.71, -0.69), P<0.001]. ④ The western Ontario and McMaster universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) scores of patients treated with oral curcumin for 3-4 and 6-8 weeks were significantly lower than those of patients treated with oral placebo, and the differences were statistically significant [ WMD=-7.96, 95% CI(-14.89, -1.04), P=0.020; WMD=-15.34, 95% CI(-20.51, -10.18), P<0.001]. Specifically, the WOMAC pain and stiffness scores of patients treated with oral curcumin for 6-8 weeks were significantly lower than those of patients treated with oral placebo, and the differences were statistically significant [ WMD=-2.16, 95% CI(-3.69, -0.63), P=0.010; WMD=-1.00, 95% CI (-1.54, -0.46), P<0.001]. The WOMAC joint function scores of patients treated with oral curcumin for 3-4 and 6-8 weeks were significantly lower than those of patients treated with oral placebo, the difference was statistically significant [ WMD=-3.21, 95% CI(-4.51, -1.92), P<0.001; WMD=-7.07, 95% CI(-11.19, -2.94), P<0.001]. ⑤ There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between oral curcumin and placebo [ OR=1.19, 95% P(0.74, 1.90), P=0.478]. Conclusion:Compared with placebo, oral curcumin can significantly alleviate the pain, stiffness and joint function of patients with knee osteoarthritis, and its safety is similar to placebo.

Meta分析是一种基于文献资料的定量化综合评价多个独立研究结果的统计分析方法，其相关类型文章的写作需要按照严格的制作步骤进行。在相关论文的审稿工作中发现，很多的Meta分析类型的医学论文在完成流程上存在各种缺陷，导致论文中出现了较多明显的错误及缺陷，从而会影响整个论文的质量。通过对Meta分析类论文的全流程进行回顾分析，可以帮助医学期刊审稿人员和相关研究者在此类型文章的审查和写作工作中能够及时发现并准确处理相关问题，提高审稿工作的质量及效率。本文就Meta分析类文章中存在的缺陷与问题及对应的解决措施进行了综合分析与讨论。

目的 探讨主被动吸烟与骨关节炎疾病患病间的相关性,进而为骨关节炎的早期防治提供科学依据.方法 采取分层整群抽样的方法,抽取山西省2个县区16岁以上常住居民进行流行病学调查,根据吸烟情况分为主动吸烟组与被动吸烟组.利用倾向评分匹配法均衡2组间的协变量,减少组间混杂因素对结果的影响,评估匹配前后主动吸烟组与被动吸烟组发生骨关节炎的危险性.结果 主动吸烟组与被动吸烟组各有827例匹配成功,倾向评分匹配前2组骨关节炎患病率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);经倾向评分匹配后,组间协变量年龄、性别、BMI、通风情况、饮酒情况等均达到均衡可比,被动吸烟组骨关节炎患病率仍高于主动吸烟组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).结论 被动吸烟对OA发展的影响并不亚于主动吸烟,但尚不能确定被动吸烟人群的OA患病风险一定高于主动吸烟人群,其具体机制有待进一步研究证实.应重视吸烟的危害,加强对主动吸烟的干预,保护被动吸烟人群.

目的 探讨高血压患者骨关节炎(OA)患病风险,研究高血压与OA的相关性,对高血压患者OA的危险因素进行分析.方法 对符合入组标准的高血压病患者资料进行分析.其中根据高血压患者是否患有OA,将收集到的患者分为2组,分别为高血压合并OA组和高血压非OA组,其中女性患者21例,男性患者49例.对患者的一般资料、实验室生化指标进行统计,进一步研究高血压患者OA患病风险及危险因素.结果 高血压合并OA组的半胺氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cys-c)高于高血压非OA组(t=16.754,P=0.042),高血压合并OA组的肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)值亦高于高血压非OA组(t=6.879,P=0.045).结论 高血压患者的血清Cys-c和血清CK-MB可能有提示高血压患者患OA风险的作用.

目的 探讨颗粒物污染对不稳定性心绞痛(UA)患者日入院人数的影响.方法 收集2013年12月1日至2016年8月31日UA患者日入院人数,以及同期该地区气象监测资料.在控制了长期趋势、气象因素、节假日及星期几效应等混杂因素的基础上,构建半参数广义相加模型.分析大气颗粒物(包括PM10和PM:5)与UA患者日入院人数的关系.结果 滞后1d时,PM10每增加10 μg/m3,UA患者日入院人数增加1.00％(95％ CI:0.60％～ 1.30％),PM2.5每增加10μg/m3,UA患者日入院人数增加1.50％(95％ CI:0.90％ ～ 2.00％).将颗粒物(PM2.5和PM10)和臭氧(O3)(滞后1d)分别构建双污染物模型,PM10污染物模型在代入了O3之后结果有统计学意义,相对危险度(RR)升高(P＜0.05).对于PM2.5,在代入了O3之后结果有统计学意义,RR值升高(P＜0.05).结论 大气颗粒物可引起UA患者日入院数增加.

Objective: This study was design to examine the diagnostic performance of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II), and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) as biomarker for knee and hip OA. Methods: Systematic search on multiple databases was completed in January 2018 using certain keywords. COMP, CTX-II, MMP-3 levels in knee and hip OA patients and healthy individuals were collected and calculated. Differences between subgroups were expressed as standardized mean differences (SMD). Subgroup analyses were performed to compare COMP, CTX-II, and MMP-3 performance between measuring sources, genders, large and small sample size and diagnostic criteria for OA patients. Results: A moderate performance of COMP in distinguishing between knee (SMD: 0.68; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.43-0.93; P < 0.0001) or hip (SMD: 0.25; 95% CI, 0.10, 0.40; P = 0.0008) OA patients and controls were found. CTX-II showed a moderated standardised mean differences (SMD) of 0.48 (95% CI, 0.32, 0.64; P < 0.0001) in the detection of knee OA and a large SMD of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.09, 1.42; P = 0.03) in diagnosing hip OA. A small SMD of 0.32 (95% CI, -0.03, 0.67; P = 0.07) was found for MMP-3 performance and the results did not reach statistic significance. Progression study revealed potential effectiveness of serum COMP in predicting OA progression. Subgroup analysis showed that serum COMP and urinary CTX-II performed better in male than female. Study size and diagnostic criteria did not significantly influence the pooled SMD, but they might be the sources of heterogeneity among studies. Conclusion: The overall results indicates that serum COMP and urinary CTX-II can distinguish between knee or hip OA patients and control subjects. Serum COMP is effective in predicting OA progression. Further researches with rigorous study design and a larger sample size are required to validate our findings. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Osteoarthritis Research Society International.

膝骨关节炎(KOA)又称膝骨关节病,是以关节软骨退行性变、 消失和关节周围骨质增生为病理特征的炎性疾病,是一种慢性退行性骨关节病,其发病率约占骨关节炎(OA)发病率的80％[1]. 其主要临床表现为关节疼痛、肿胀、僵硬与功能障碍,严重时可引起关节畸形,多见于中老年人与肥胖人群.骨质疏松(OP)是中老年人的常见疾病,以骨量减少、骨密度下降和骨脆性增加为特征, 是一种全身性骨病. 临床上OA与OP症状相似且时常并发, 二者引起的骨退行性疾病严重威胁着人们的身体健康与生存质量, 且这两种疾病在60岁以上人群中发病率均已超过50％[2]. 二者引起的并发症严重时可致残甚至致死,在严重影响患者的生活质量的同时造成了巨大的社会经济负担,已成为严重的公共卫生问题[3].为了了解膝骨关节炎住院患者的骨密度情况,本研究分析探讨了79例40～59岁膝骨关节炎住院患者不同性别、年龄、体质量指数(BMI)水平下骨密度(BMD)水平及T值、检出率之间的差异,现报告如下.

目的 探讨山西省4个主要城市的其他感染性腹泻时空分布特征及影响因素.方法 运用Arc-GIS10.0软件描述2008年1月1日至2013年12月31日山西省4个主要城市其他感染性腹泻的空间分布特征.采用SAS 9.2软件构建负二项回归模型分析其他感染性腹泻与气象因子的相关关系.结果 2008-2013年大同市、太原市、长治市和运城市均出现其他感染性腹泻病例,且同一城市不同区的发病数存在地区差异.其他感染性腹泻的发病有明显的季节性,7～8月发病最多,且报告病例数大多为5岁以下儿童(56.77％).4个城市中其他感染性腹泻发病数与平均气温、平均相对湿度、日最低气温均呈正相关(P＜0.05),与平均风速均呈负相关(大同市r=-0.067,P=0.005;太原市r=-0.103,P＜0.01;长治市r=-0.066,P=0.006;运城市r=-0.083,P＜0.01).负二项回归模型显示:大同市、太原市、长治市、运城市分别滞后6、5、2、6d的拟和模型为最优模型.结论 气象因素影响其他感染性腹泻的发病,且有滞后效应.

Objective To investigate whether there is familial aggregation in the prevalence of osteoarthritis, and to determine the risk factors of osteoarthritis in rural population of Shanxi Province, thereby providing new ideas for early prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis. Methods The resident households in rural communities of Shanxi Province were included as the subjects in the study by random cluster sampling method. Sasinformat (SAS) 9.2 software was used for univariate analysis by t-test or chi-square test. The generalized linear mixed model was used to determine the familial aggregation of osteoarthritis. Results The valid final number of households was 1 664 with a total of 4 891 subjects. Excluding those under 40 years old, and re-including the households with 2 or more family members into the model, there were 642 households and 2 351 subjects in total. According to univariate analysis and generalized linear mixed model analysis, age, body mass index (BMI), education level, as well as the heating and ventilation in residential environment were the influence factors of osteoarthritis. Family as a random effect was shown to be statistically significant in the total population and in the population over 40 years old. A total of 10.97% and 18.42% variation in the disease outcome were caused by families, indicating that there was a familial aggregation in osteoarthritis. Conclusion Many factors can affect the prevalence of osteoarthritis in rural population of Shanxi Province, and familial aggregation exists in osteoarthritis. However, familial aggregation may be caused by genetic factors, or living environment and habits, which needs validation in further studies. Nonetheless, the study on familial aggregation of osteoarthritis provides new ideas and perspectives for early prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis. Key words: Osteoarthritis; Risk factors; Random effect; Generalized linear mixed model; Familial aggregation

在城市现代化建设快速发展的时代,人们一方面享受生活条件的便利,另一方面要面对日益严重的环境污染和生态危机[1].人们已感到环境保护的重要性,但仍然存在低认知和行动缺乏的问题.生态环境是人类赖以生存和发展的公共基础,也是人类需要重点保护的稀缺资源. 环境保护的主要动力来自人民大众,只有公众广泛参与,才能有效地环境保护.但从目前人们参与环境保护的现状来看,形势不容乐观. 医学生因其专业特点,更应深入了解环境因素与疾病、健康的关系,培养自己的环境保护意识[2]. 因此,本文在前人研究的基础上,从绿色低碳环保理论出发,对医学生学习工作的周围环境、环境保护的认知等方面的信息进行调查分析,为医学院校开展环境保护教育提供理论依据.

Objective To observe the changes of chondrocytes ultrastructure and the volume of type Ⅱ collagen in post-traumatic osteoarthritis through cartilage injury models of the femoral trochlea of rabbit.Methods The different cartilage injury models of the femoral trochlea of rabbit in vivo was made by impacting of different times.Rabbits were killed at each of the following intervals:1 week,4 weeks,8 weeks after impacting injury.The ultrastructures of the chondrocytes were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM).The changes of type Ⅱ collagen in cartilage tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization.A two-way classification ANOVA for factorial design was used for statistical analysis.P values of ＜0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results One week,changes of chondrocyte in experimental group were limit.4 weeks,Chondrocyte in experimental group was occurrent a series of changes:karyopycnosis,karyolysis、rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) broaden,mitochondrion swelling,lysosome appear,cell membrane rupture,and so on.Immunohistochemical results showed that the matrix around chondrocytes and the trapped collagen Ⅱ gradually became lighter at 4 weeks,and the gray values of the 20 hits group and the 40 hits group were all higher than those of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (F=9.58,P＜0.05,P＜0.01).In situ tests showed the same results,the positive cells were distributed in the middle and lower part and deep layer of the shape shifting layer,with light staining at 4 weeks.The gray value of the 20 hits group and the 40 hits group was higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (F=8.64,P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Immunohistochemical results showed that a large amount of fibrous tissue appeared in the matrix around chondrocytes,with low collagen type Ⅱ content and generally no staining at 8 weeks.The staining gray value of collagen type Ⅱ expression in the 20 hits group and the 40 hits group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (F=9.02,P＜ 0.01,P＜0.01).In situ tests showed the same results,chondrocyte necrosis was severe,and hardly any cells with positive staining were observed.The gray value of the 20 hits group and the 40 hits group was higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (F=8.32,P＜0.01,P＜0.01).Conclusion Impact lead to cvartilage maxtrix injury and chondrocyte death,pathological changes of articular cartilage were severity with time lasting,pathological changes of articular cartilage were severity with impact times increase,Stop impact,pathological changes of articular cartilage were development.

在医学科学研究中,有大量的研究需要验证两个因素之间是否存在关系,例如胸围与肺活量、药物剂量与疗效、疾病程度与指示物浓度等,为研究这些变量之间的关系,常采用线性相关与回归分析进行检验[1].