OBJECTIVES:To elucidate breastfeeding patterns, the reasons for stopping exclusive breastfeeding, and the sociodemographic characteristics associated with exclusive breastfeeding of full-term infants during the 6 months after discharge from a neonatal unit in China.METHODS:This cross-sectional study included mothers of full-term infants who were discharged from the 40-bed neonatal unit (level IIA) of a tertiary hospital in Hunan province, China between August 2019 and September 2020. Information on breastfeeding patterns was collected through telephone interviews with the mothers 6 months after their infants had been discharged from the neonatal unit. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding.RESULTS:This study included 489 mother-infant dyads. At 6 months after discharge, 51.5% of mothers were exclusively breastfeeding, 29.0% of mothers were partially breastfeeding, and 19.4% of mothers were not breastfeeding. The most common reason for stopping breastfeeding was "poor milk supply" (81.2%). Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding included multiparity, exclusive breastfeeding before the hospitalization, providing breast milk to the hospitalized infant, and a high level of maternal education.CONCLUSIONS:In the Chinese culture, mothers who experienced multiparity and higher-level education were more likely to breastfeed their infants to 6 months after discharge from the neonatal unit. In addition, infants who were exclusively breastfed before and during hospitalization were also more likely to be exclusively breastfed after discharge. The results will help inform future research aimed at identifying interventions to reduce early breastfeeding cessation.

Background: Since December 2019, COVID-19 has been spreading from Wuhan, China to the nationwide and worldwide. Screening and management of children with respiratory symptoms and epidemiological histories of COVID-19 is of great significance in finding infected and asymptomatic cases.Methods: A retrospective case-series study was conducted from January 15 to February 28, 2020. Among the children coming to the hospital, those with epidemiological histories would be referred to the fever clinic. These children must undergo physical and auxiliary examinations to assess whether they have COVID-19. Information about other family members was obtained from the children's medical records and telephone inquiries.Findings: A total of thirty-one children were triaged and assigned to the fever clinic. The interval from the last day of exposure to the date of symptom onset or SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test was three to eighteen days (median 8, IQR 6-12). Two cases were confirmed infection and one boy was tested suspicious positive of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid. One girl with fever and cough and a history of residence in Wuhan with typical chest image changes was considered as suspicious COVID-19. We found four families with infections and one family with suspected case and tracked these families. All these cases belonged to the groups of high or moderate epidemiological risk levels.Interpretation: The high or moderate risk level of the epidemiological histories and typical features of chest image are the most valuable information for the screening. SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test is recommended at least two times for the cases with the above characteristics. Timely detection of children with COVID-19, even those with invisible infection, is of positive significance for the epidemic control.Funding Statement: National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81971431 / H0422), Free Exploration Project of Shenzhen Science and Innovation Commission (No. JCYJ20170817100735621) and Opening Project of Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.DWKF20190008).Declaration of Interests: The authors have indicated they have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.Ethics Approval Statement: Data collection and analysis of cases and close contacts were determined by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China to be part of a continuing public health outbreak investigation and were thus considered exempt from institutional review board approval.

To investigate the needs of parents of premature infants hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and explore associated factors. This study includes a convenience sample of 198 parents of premature infants hospitalized in a NICU in Chenzhou, Hunan province, China. Parents completed a study-specific questionnaire and the Chinese version of Critical Care Family Need Inventory (CCFNI). Analysis was conducted by multiple linear regression. Parents rated 30 of 45 items on the Chinese version of the CCFNI as important or very important. Items on the assurance, information, and proximity subscales were perceived as the most important, while items on the comfort subscale were the least important. Gender of parents and experience of visiting a NICU were significantly associated with the total needs of the parents. These insights should be used to inform clinical practice in the NICU.

目的 探讨多元化宣教对母婴分离住院新生儿母乳喂养的效果,为提高母婴分离住院新生儿的母乳喂养率提供可参考的管理依据.方法 采用类实验研究设计的方法,将符合纳入标准的610例母婴分离新生儿的母亲,分为对照组和试验组各305例,对照组采用单一的母乳喂养宣教方式,试验组采用多元化的母乳喂养宣教方式,比较两种宣教方式对母婴分离住院新生儿母乳喂养率的影响.结果 经过多元化的母乳喂养宣教后,新生儿住院期间,试验组母乳喂养率为63.61％高于对照组的31.48％(P＜0.05);患儿出院1周后的母乳喂养率,试验组较对照组明显提高,尤其是纯母乳喂养率增高显著(P＜0.05).结论 多元化母乳喂养宣教能正确引导和积极支持母婴分离住院新生儿的母亲,使其建立喂养信心,为新生儿住院期间及出院后成功实施母乳喂养做好铺垫.

[目的]调查住院足月新生儿父母的心理需求及影响因素。[方法]应用中文版危急病人家属需求量表(CCFNI)调查210名住院足月新生儿父母的心理需求，并对其影响因素进行多元回归分析。[结果]增强信心和减轻焦虑的需求、信息的需求、接近患儿的需求是住院足月新生儿父母需求的前3位；母亲的需求高于父亲的需求(P<0.05)；首次送患儿进入新生儿病房住院的父母心理需求度高(P<0.05)。[结论]临床护理工作中不但要重视新生儿本身的治疗和护理，还要关心由于分娩和住院给家庭带来的影响，通过沟通和接触，最大限度地满足住院足月新生儿父母的需求，真正体现人性化护理。

Objective To determine whether massage could help preterm infants improve weight gain, discharge from the hospital earlier, and promote the neurobehavioral development, a meta-analysis was conducted. Study Design MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Dissertation s, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to January 2012. There were no language restrictions. Results In all, 611 articles were retrieved and 17 studies were eligible. Massage intervention improved daily weight gain by 5.32 g (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.15, 6.49, p < 0.00001) and reduced length of stay by 4.41 days (95% CI 2.81, 6.02, p < 0.00001). No significant differences yielded on the scores of Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. Conclusion Massage therapy may be a safe and cost-effective practice to improve weight gain and decrease the hospital stay of clinically stable preterm infants. However, the association between massage and neurobehavioral development is still elusive. Future investigations with a larger sample size and strict protocol are required to confirm the effects of massage on the preterm infants.

To investigate the influence of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) Pro12Ala polymorphism on the susceptibility of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and body mass index (BMI), fast insulin levels, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in PCOS patients.

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is the most common congenital anomaly of the urinary tract. Evidence has shown that BMP4 and Id2 play crucial roles in nephrogenesis, alterations of which may cause ureteral developmental anomalies. Here, we directly sequenced the coding sequences in BMP4 and Id2 genes of 108 unrelated Chinese patients with ureteropelvic junction stenosis. One missense mutation c.485G> A (p.R162Q) in BMP4 and two synonymous mutations (c.1167T> C in BMP4 and c.108A> G in Id2) were detected in three cases. None of these variations were present in the 150 normal controls. Comparative amino acid sequence alignments of BMP4 in humans and other vertebrate orthologs show that p.R162 located to a highly conserved amino acid residue. Moreover, computational analysis predicted that R162Q probably infect the function of BMP4 protein. Conclusion: The mutation c.485G> A in BMP4 might be one of the causes of human UPJO. Further functional studies are required to validate the association between this variation and UPJO. Otherwise, Id2 mutations do not seem to be involved in this disease.

The harmful effects of the environmental carcinogen, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), on mammalian neurodevelopment and behavior as yet remain unclear. Several studies have suggested that B[a]P impairs learning and memory. In the present investigation, we investigated the effects of subchronic exposure to B[a]P on rats. Male rats received daily injection of B[a]P (0, 1.0, 2.5, and 6.25 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle for 13 weeks. Employing the Morris water maze (MWM) test, we observed that rats exposed to either 2.5 mg/kg or 6.25 mg/kg B[a]P had modified behavior compared to controls as indicated by the increased mean latencies, the decreased number of crossing platform and the decreased swimming time in the target area. B[a]P treatment decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), acetylcholine (ACh), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and increased the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Endogenus monoamine levels, norepinephrine (NE), adrenaline (A), dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and their selected metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in hippocampus were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). B[a]P at both doses, 2.5 and 6.25 mg/kg, increased NE, DA, DOPAC and 5-HT content in the hippocampus. Our results suggested a close link between the modified levels of neurotransmitters in the hippocampus and the impaired behavioral performance, indicating that B[a]P is a potential neurotoxic pollutant.

Objective:To explore the effect of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)on plasma monoamine neurotransmitters. Methods:80 healthy adult male coke oven workers were selected from a coke plant of a state-owned steel enterprise,80 controls were selected from the oxygen factory. Concentration of benzo[a]pyrene(B[a])P in the working environment was monitored by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)with fluorescence detector. The level of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene(1-OHP)was determ ined by HPLC with fluorescence detector.The plasma noradrenaline(NE),adrenaline(AD),dopamine(DA)and serotonin(5-HT)levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results:In the working environment of B[a]P, concentration in coke oven workers were significantly higher than controls (P0.05).The urinary 1-OHP concentrations in coke oven workers were significantly higher than controls (P0.05).The plasma NE,DA,5-HT levels in coke oven workers were significantly higher than controls(P0.05),the plasma A level have no significant difference,and results of correlation analysis showed that positive correlation between the plasma NE,DA,5-HT levels and the urinary 1-OHP concentrations. Conclusion:PAHs may cause an increase of plasma monoamine neurotransmitters in exposed population group.