Saline-alkali stress inflicts more severe damage on grapevines compared to salt stress alone. Grafting onto stress-tolerant rootstocks represents a key strategy for improving crop resilience, making it essential to understand how such rootstocks modulate scion responses to these distinct stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their differential tolerance remain largely elusive. Here, we compared self-grafted (CS/CS) and heterografted (CS/1103 P) Cabernet Sauvignon under salt and saline-alkali stress using morphophysiological and transcriptomic analyses. Saline-alkali stress led to more severe membrane lipid peroxidation, chloroplast ultrastructural damage, reactive oxygen species accumulation, and photosynthetic inhibition compared with salt stress alone. Rootstock 1103 P markedly enhanced stress tolerance in grafted plants, as evidenced by lower H2O2 and MDA levels, higher antioxidant enzyme activities, and scion-specific upregulation of VvGAD1, which promoted gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation. Functional validation assays showed that VvGAD1 over-expression increased callus antioxidant capacity, stabilized ion homeostasis, enhanced organic acid metabolism, and elevated the expression of stress-responsive genes under both salt and saline-alkali stress. Exogenous GABA further induced endogenous GABA biosynthesis and mitigated stress injury. Collectively, these results indicate that VvGAD1 primarily confers salt stress tolerance by maintaining ion balance and strengthening antioxidant defenses, while also contributing to organic acid metabolism and pH homeostasis under saline-alkali conditions. These findings have important implications for the breeding of stress-resistant grape cultivars.

Salt-drought combined (SD) stress presents substantial obstacles for grape cultivation. Polyamine compounds (PAs) are essential for boosting plant resilience against abiotic stressors. Herein, their role in alleviating SD stress and boost growth remains unexplored in grape plants. Here, we used 1-year-old 'Sweet sapphire' grape to investigate the effects of exogenous putrescine (Put), including the role of its biosynthetic precursors arginine (Arg) and ornithine (Orn), polyamine synthase inhibitors, dichloromethylarginine (DFMA), dichloromethylornithine (DFMO), and cycloethylamine (CHA) on SD responses. Under SD stress, grape leaves exhibited water loss, structural damage, membrane peroxidation, reduced photosynthesis, and inhibited growth. Conversely, the Arg, Orn, and Put treatments mitigated SD effects on grape growth by increasing photosynthesis, osmotic regulatory substances and endogenous PAs contents, and antioxidant enzymes activity. In contrast, DFMA, DFMO, and CHA further aggravated SD-induced damage to grapevines. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicated that SD activated the arginine and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways, whereas Put treatment further regulated the expression levels and metabolites of genes related to arginine and flavonoid biosynthesis in grapes, thereby alleviating the growth-limiting effects induced by SD stress. Overall, this study provides a crucial theoretical framework for enhancing SD stress resistance in grapes and advancing the development of the grape industry.

Abstract Soil salinization restricts agricultural production. Identifying key regulatory genes and molecular mechanisms underlying saline-alkali stress is crucial for developing tolerant crops. In this study, the grapevine cultivars ‘Hotan Red’ (HTR) and ‘Yongyou No. 1’ (YY), which differ in saline-alkali tolerance, were used for physiological, microRNA, and transcriptomic analyses. HTR accumulated more osmotic regulatory substances and maintained relatively intact chloroplast structures, exhibiting stress resistance superior to YY. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed that saline-alkali treatment did not alter the basic composition of functional groups in the leaf cell wall, but affected their relative contents. 26 miRNAs notably responsive to saline-alkali stress were identified. In HTR, vvi-miR395a expression was significantly downregulated under the saline-alkali stress, whereas the repression of vvi-miR395a in YY was less pronounced. RLM-5′RACE and GUS histochemical staining indicated that vvi-miR395a directly targets VvExpA10. Overexpression of vvi-miR395a suppressed VvExpA10 expression and reduced pectin and cellulose contents in grape calli and roots, but increased malondialdehyde contents. Simultaneous overexpression of VvExpA10-OE and STTM395a in transgenic calli led to significant enhancement of saline-alkali tolerance. These findings indicate that suppression of vvi-miR395a impaired its targeted cleavage of VvExpA10, thereby enhancing the levels of cell wall components and significantly improving grapevine tolerance to saline-alkali stress. This study validated the regulatory effect of the vvi-miR395a-VvExpA10 module in grapevine response to saline-alkali stress, offering potential targets used for the genetic improvement of grape with enhanced tolerance to saline-alkali stress.

Salt and drought (SD) stress often occur simultaneously, posing severe challenges to grapevine cultivation. Grafting resistant rootstocks is considered a simple and effective method for enhancing grapevine tolerance to environmental stress. This study assessed the performance of different resistant seedlings to SD stress, including the self-rooted seedlings of the SD-sensitive grapevine cultivar 'Shine Muscat' (SM), self-rooted seedlings of the highly SD-tolerant cultivar 'Thompson Seedless' (TS), and grafted seedlings SM/TS. We examined changes in growth, photosynthetic performance, osmotic regulatory substances, and antioxidant capacity under SD stress. Our findings indicated that SD stress reduced leaf relative water content, disrupted internal leaf structure, reduced spongy tissue thickness, and inhibited grapevine growth. The three test grapevine leaves exhibited a significant SD stress-induced Na+/K+ imbalance accompanied by a substantial reactive oxygen species (ROS) buildup. The ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle was disrupted, and the activities and gene expression levels of monodehydroascorbic reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR) were significantly reduced, along with decreases in ascorbate/dehydroascorbic acid (AsA/DHA) and reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratios. SM sustained the most severe injuries, followed by the SM/TS, then the TS. Grafting scion SM onto the tolerant rootstock TS significantly increased osmotic adjustment substances and K+ content, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and the AsA-GSH cycle, improved photosynthetic capacity, reduced Na+ content, and decreased ROS accumulation in SM leaves under SD stress, thereby strengthening tolerance. This research established a theoretical basis for improving grapevine tolerance to SD stress through grafting plants onto resistant rootstocks.

The photosynthetic pigment content, leaf photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence of 'Cabernet Sauvignon (CS)' with different rootstocks were measured at 9:00, 15:00, and 21:00 for three consecutive days under high temperature and strong light (HTSL). HTSL led to the inactivation of the CS oxygen evolution complex (OEC), thylakoid dissociation, damage to the receptor and donor sides of photosystem II (PSII), and obstruction of electron transfer between PSII and photosystem I (PSI), which reduced photochemical activity. After grafting, rootstocks decreased the L-band, K-band, and G-band; increased the photosynthetic reaction center's performance index (PIabs), the number of OEC centers, and electron transfer between PSII and PSI; and maintained the stability of electron transfer and the energy distribution of the CS leaf optical system under HTSL. Under the combined stress, the PIabs and PItotal were much higher for the CS/HTH combination than for other combinations (9.55 and 8.52, respectively). As a rootstock, HTH actively down-regulated the capture of light energy by CS, and enhanced the photosynthetic performance of CS PSII and the electron transfer from primary quinone electron acceptor (QA) to secondary quinone electron acceptor (QB), which promoted a balanced energy distribution, and strengthened the connectivity between PSII and PSI. The rapid oxidation fraction (δMRfast/MRo), reduction fraction (δMRslow/MRo) and redox rate (Vox and Vred) of plastocyanin PC+ and P700+ were also enhanced in this combination. TOPSIS entropy weight analysis proved that HTH as a rootstock enhanced the ability of CS to resist combined HTSL stress.

To investigate chilling injury mitigation in off-season solanaceousvegetable production, this study conducted physiological and multi-omics analyses on six rootstock cultivars-'Totosga' (TTS), 'Jingfeng 808 ' (JF), 'Torubam' (TLB), 'Qiangli' (QL), 'Jinzuan No.1 ' (JZ), and 'Weiershengen' (WS)-under low-temperature stress. Among these, the cold-tolerant genotype 'Totosga' exhibited superior photosynthetic integrity, membrane stability, and antioxidant enzyme activity. Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling identified 2517 differentially expressed genes (1015 upregulated; 1502 downregulated) and 2728 differential metabolites (1465 increased; 1263 decreased) under cold stress. Transcriptomic alterations predominantly affected photosynthesisrelated pathways and calcium-mediated signal transduction, whereas metabolomic changes were concentrated in secondary metabolic processes. Integrative omics analysis revealed significant enrichment in flavonoid biosynthesis, identifying eight hub genes (e.g., PAL2, CHS2, FLS) and 16 key metabolites (e.g., isoliquiritigenin, calycosin) as regulatory components. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that 'Totosga' enhances cold adaptation through coordinated flavonoid metabolic reprogramming, characterized by (1) flavanol biosynthesis suppression, (2) isoflavonoid pathway activation, and (3) glycosylation/hydroxylation modifications for metabolite stabilization. Therefore, these findings elucidate the molecular basis of rootstock cold adaptation and provide valuable genetic resources for developing stress-resilient solanaceous cultivars.

Soil drought and salinization limit grape production, and the cultivation of salt and drought resistant table grape varieties can effectively solve this problem. In this study, the salt and drought tolerance of 20 table grape varieties was comprehensively evaluated by different methods. Under salt and drought stress the growth of grapes was inhibited; the stomatal resistance, relative conductivity, MDA, FRAP antioxidant activity, ABA, ABS/RC, TRo/RC, and DIo/RC in leaves increased; and the relative water content, content of photosynthetic pigments, Fv/Fm, PI abs, and ETo/RC in leaves decreased. The degree of damage was greatest under combined salt-drought stress, followed by sole salt stress and sole drought stress. Under various stress conditions, 'Munage' exhibited strong tolerance. Compared with the sensitive variety 'Sweet sapphire', the new shoot growth quantity and Fv/Fm of 'Munage' were respectively 146.67 % and 10.88 % higher under salt stress, 93.10 % and 3.63 % higher under drought stress, and 200.00 % and 13.31 % higher under combined stress. Correlations between indicators were observed, the shoot growth, stomatal resistance, Chla and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of leaves could be used as reliable indicators for rapidly evaluating the salt and drought tolerance of grapes. Membership function analysis and principal component analysis were used to calculate the D-value (the comprehensive evaluation indicator). 'Munage', 'Manaizi', 'Thompson Seedless', and 'Hotan Red' were highly salt and drought-tolerant varieties. 'Kyoho', 'Red muscatel', 'Summer Black', 'Shine Muscat', and 'Sweet sapphire' were highly sensitive to salt and drought. Three stepwise regression models were also developed for the rapid screening and identification of salt and drought-tolerant grape varieties. In conclusion, key salt and drought tolerance indicators and comprehensive evaluation methods were proposed to identify salt and drought-tolerant grape varieties.

[Objective]The objective of this study was to identify miRNAs related to the alleviation of NaCl stress in wild jujube by ALA(5-aminolevulinic acid),thereby providing a theoretical basis for elu-cidating the molecular mechanism by which miRNAs and core target genes participate in the alleviation of NaCl stress by ALA.[Methods]The leaves of plantlets propagated by tissue culture of wild jujube(Ziziphus jujuba var.spinosa)were used as the research materials.Four treatments were set up:spray-ing distilled water on the leaf surface as the control(CK),spraying ALA on the leaf surface(ALA),add-ing NaCl solution and spraying distilled water on the leaf surface(NaCl),and adding NaCl solution and spraying ALA on the leaf surface(ALA+NaCl).The differences in physiological indicators such as plant height,root length,root surface area,and root volume were measured and analyzed.High-through-put sequencing was performed of the leaves of the four treatments to identify key miRNAs responding to ALA alleviating NaCl stress in wild jujube seedlings,and to determine the functions of their target genes.[Results]The study showed that NaCl treatment led to water lost and wilt of the seedling leaves,significantly reduced the plant height,root length,root surface area,and root volume of wild jujube seedlings.The damage caused by NaCl stress to jujube seedlings was alleviated after exogenous applica-tion of ALA.Twelve sRNA libraries were constructed from the leaves of the four treatments,and the Q30 value of each sample was ≥ 93％,with the reads aligned to genes accounting for 86.46％-93.12％of the total reads,indicating good data quality.A total of 149 known miRNAs belonging to 31 miRNA families and 11 novel miRNAs were identified from the 12 libraries.The length of sRNAs was mainly between 21-24 nt,with 24 nt sRNAs being the most abundant in all libraries.Compared with the CK,there were 152 differentially expressed miRNAs in the NaCl treatment group,including 76 down-regu-lated genes and 76 up-regulated genes;in the ALA+NaCl treatment group,there were 149 differentially expressed miRNAs,including 78 down-regulated genes and 71 up-regulated genes.The functional en-richment analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database showed that the target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were involved in metabolic pathways such as TMV resistance proteins,membrane proteins containing SPX domains,so-dium-potassium transporters,ribosomal RNA processing proteins,transcription factors such as auxin re-sponse factors(ARF)family,MYB transcription factors,WRKY transcription factors.Many miRNAs responding to salt stress,such as zju-miR172d,zju-miR395i,and zju-miR172a,were significantly down-regulated,indicating that these miRNAs might be inhibited by single salt stress.Further analysis revealed that ALA significantly inhibited the expression of zju-miR408a.The target gene annotation of zju-miR408a showed that it targeted enzymes such as the peroxidase,protoporphyrinogen oxidase,mito-chondrial anion peroxidase,lignin-forming anion peroxidase,calcium-dependent protein kinase 1,and laccase.The qRT-PCR analysis results were basically consistent with sequencing results.The expres-sion level of the target gene POD and POD enzyme activity increased more significantly after exoge-nous application of ALA than after NaCl stress.[Conclusion]The results of this study showed that ex-ogenous application of ALA alone had no significant effect on wild jujube seedlings.The growth of ju-jube seedlings was inhibited by NaCl stress,and exogenous application of ALA could alleviate NaCl stress in wild jujube seedlings.The construction of sRNA libraries from wild jujube seedlings revealed that ALA significantly induced the expression of zju-miR408a.The target gene annotation analysis of zju-miR408a mainly targeted the enzymes such as oxidases and protoporphyrinogen oxidase.The re-sults were further verified by measuring the expression level of target gene POD and POD enzyme ac-tivity.In summary,ALA would alleviate NaCl stress in wild jujube seedlings by inhibiting the expres-sion of zju-miR408a to upregulate the expression level of target gene POD,thereby scavenging reactive oxygen species and improving salt tolerance.This result would provide new information for a more comprehensive analysis of miRNAs involved in alleviating salt stress in wild jujube by ALA.

Grafting is important for increasing the resistance of grapevines to environmental stress, improving fruit quality, and shortening the reproductive period. In this study, ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (CS) grafted on the resistant rootstock 140R (CS/140R), self-grafted grapevines of the resistant rootstock 140R (140R/140R), and self-grafted grapevines of CS (CS/CS) were subjected to high-throughput sequencing; small RNA (sRNA) libraries were constructed, and miRNAs responsive to the grafting process were identified. A total of 177 known miRNAs and 267 novel miRNAs were identified. Many miRNAs responsive to the grafting process were significantly down-regulated in CS/140R leaves relative to CS/CS leaves, such as vvi-miR171c, vvi-miR171e, et al., suggesting that the expression of these miRNAs might be affected by grafting. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that the differentially expressed miRNAs regulated the expression of genes in the phenylpropanoid synthesis pathway. Grapevine leaves transiently overexpressing vvi-miR171c were assayed, and the expression of the target gene, VvMYB154, and the resveratrol content were decreased, indicating that vvi-miR171c negatively regulates the expression of VvMYB154. In sum, 140R increased the resveratrol content of the scion by grafting, down-regulating the expression of vvi-miR171c. These results provide new information that will aid future analyses of the effects of grafting on the content of secondary metabolites.

以异位保存的57份野苹果种质资源为材料,对其16个数值型性状和27个果实描述型性状进行综合评价,采用变异系数、分布频率、相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类的方式进行分析研究.结果表明,16个数值型性状的变异系数为15.63％～60.32％,平均值为31.84％,16个数值型性状中以果实纵径的变异系数最小,果实维生素C含量的变异系数最大;描述型性状分布频率表明,野苹果种质资源的果实外观评价优于果实内质评价;相关性分析结果表明,单果质量与果实纵径和果实横径呈极显著正相关关系(P＜0.01),与果实总黄酮含量呈显著负相关关系(P＜0.05);主成分分析结果表明,7个主成分的总计贡献率达80.785％,其中第1主成分与叶片性状和果实总黄酮含量有关,第2主成分与果实特性有关,第3主成分与果形因子有关,第4主成分与果梗性状有关,第5主成分与果实品质有关,第6主成分与果实可溶性固形物含量和果实硬度有关,第7主成分与花的性状和果实品质有关;16个性状以聚类的分析方法,将供试材料聚为3类,其中Ⅰ、Ⅲ类群可以作为优良的选育品种,培育出优质及耐贮藏的苹果,第Ⅱ类群可以提供宝贵材料作为选育高黄酮含量的野苹果品种.本研究可为高黄酮含量的野苹果资源选育利用提供帮助,为新疆野苹果种质资源的异地保护、科学保护与有效管理提供参考.

以甜查理草莓品种为试材,外源施加不同浓度(0.25、0.50、1.00 mmol/L)的亚精胺(Spd),测定5 g/L NaCl胁迫下草莓的光合色素含量、光合特性、叶绿素荧光和抗氧化酶活性,为提高草莓耐盐性提供理论依据.结果表明,外源施加Spd显著提高NaCl胁迫下草莓幼苗叶片光合色素含量、光合特性、叶绿素荧光和抗氧化酶活性,其中0.50 mmol/L浓度的处理效果最佳,处理后9 d草莓叶片的叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、类胡萝卜素(Car)和总叶绿素含量分别增加32.02％、38.34％、25.59％、33.75％;净光合速率(Pn)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)分别增加143.15％、18.05％、151.08％、111.43％;最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fo)和PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)分别增长19.40％、60.01％、8.64％,Fo上升速度显著降低;过氧化酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化酶(APX)活性分别增长31.97％、34.43％、21.24％、71.87％.对不同处理进行综合评价,由高到低排名为清水对照>0.50 mmol/L>0.25 mmol/L>1.00 mmol/L>NaCl胁迫.表明外源施加0.5 mmol/L浓度的Spd缓解草莓幼苗NaCl胁迫的效果最佳.

[目的]研究不同葡萄品种耐盐性,为耐盐葡萄品种的筛选提供理论支持.[方法]以葡萄品种 5BB、101-14、SO4、3309M、贝达、抗砧 3 号、喀什哈尔、木纳格、和田红、夏黑 10 份盆栽葡萄品种幼苗为材料,采用盆栽灌盐培养的方式,研究100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫对不同葡萄品种叶片的盐害指数、光合作用、抗氧化酶含量和丙二醛含量等指标的影响,运用主成分分析比较其耐盐性.[结果]100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,和田红、木纳格、喀什哈尔、夏黑的SOD、CAT、POD活性、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)与对照相比增幅最大,胞间二氧化碳(Ci)和丙二醛含量降幅最小;101-14、抗砧 3 号、贝达的SOD、CAT、POD活性、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)与对照相比增幅较大,胞间二氧化碳(Ci)和丙二醛含量降幅较小;3309M、5BB、S04 的SOD、CAT、POD活性,净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)与对照相比增幅最小,胞间二氧化碳(Ci)和丙二醛含量降幅最小.[结论]和田红、木纳格、喀什哈尔、夏黑为耐盐品种,101-14、抗砧3 号、贝达为中等耐盐品种,3309 M、5BB、S04 为不耐盐品种.

Different rootstocks for grapes can significantly affect fruit color and quality, possibly by affecting hormone contents, related genetic pathways, and fruit coloring mechanisms in skin. 'Cabernet Sauvignon' was grafted to '5BB', 'SO4', '140R', 'CS', '3309M' and 'Vitis riparia' rootstocks, with self-rooting seedlings as the control (CS/CS), and sampled from the early stage of veraison to the ripening stage. The effects of rootstock on the contents of gibberellin (GA(3)), auxin (IAA), and abscisic acid (ABA) in grape skin were determined alongside the expression levels of eight anthocyanin synthesis related genes using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR methods. The rootstock cultivars exhibited accelerated fruit color change, and the CS/140R combination resulted in grapes with more color than the control group in the same period. With the development of fruit, the IAA and GA(3) contents in the skin of different rootstock combinations showed trends of increasing initially, then decreasing, while the ABA content decreased initially and then increased. During the verasion (28 July), the various 'Cabernet Sauvignon' rootstock combinations exhibited varying degrees of increases in GA(3), ABA, and IAA contents; correlation analysis showed that, at the start of veraison, the expression levels of the anthocyanin synthesis-related genes VvCHS, VvDFR, and VvUFGT had strong positive correlations with hormone contents, which indicated they are key genes involved in the endogenous hormone responsive anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. The results of this study showed that rootstock regulates the fruit coloring process by influencing the metabolism level of peel hormones in the 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grape.

Grafting the wine grape variety Cabernet Sauvignon onto salinity-tolerant rootstocks can improve salinity tolerance and grape yields in regions with high salinity soils. In this experiment, the effects of different rootstocks and rootstock combinations on the saline–alkaline stress (modified Hoagland nutrient solution + 50 mmol L−1 (NaCl + NaHCO3)) of Cabernet Sauvignon were studied. Correlation and principal component analyses were conducted on several physiological indicators of saline–alkaline stress. Salinity limited biomass accumulation, induced damage to the plant membrane, reduced the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic capacity of plants, and increased the content of malondialdehyde, sodium (Na+)/potassium (K+) ratio, and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase). Significant differences in several indicators were observed among the experimental groups. The results indicate that the saline–alkaline tolerance of Cabernet Sauvignon after grafting was the same as that of the rootstock, indicating that the increased resistance of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes to saline–alkaline stress stems from the transferability of the saline–alkaline stress resistance of the rootstock to the scion.

The types and contents of organic acids in wine grapes determine wine quality. To explore the effects of different rootstocks on the acid metabolism of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapes, various perennial rootstock–scion combinations were used as experimental materials. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine citric acid, tartaric acid, and malic acid contents during fruit development. Succinic acid and oxalic acid contents and the activity of related enzymes were measured using spectrophotometry. The expression levels of related genes were measured using a real-time fluorescence quantitative method. The results showed that all four rootstock types significantly reduced oxalic acid and citric acid contents in the grapes, while increasing succinic acid content to varying degrees. Employing 110R, SO4, and Kangzhen3 rootstocks increased tartaric acid and malic acid contents. Enzyme activity analysis revealed that 110R, SO4, and Kangzhen3 rootstocks increased the NAD-MDH enzyme activity, which positively correlated with malic acid content. Simultaneously, these rootstocks reduced the NADP-ME enzyme activity level. NAD-MDH and PEPC gene expression levels were higher in ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapes grafted with 110R, SO4, and Kangan3 rootstocks compared to control self-rooted seedlings. Grafting these three rootstocks enhanced malic acid accumulation in ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapes.

© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nanjing Agricultural University. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Horticulture Research, 2022, 9: uhac053

[目的]以3309M、5BB、1103P、420A、5C、SO4为材料,研究盐碱胁迫对不同葡萄砧木光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响.[方法]采用水培的方法,设置对照(改良式Hoagland营养液)与盐碱胁迫(改良式Hoagland营养液+50mmol L-1 NaCl+NaHCO3)2个处理,测定不同葡萄砧木的新梢生长量、叶绿素含量、光合特性以及叶绿素荧光参数,并对其进行主成分分析.[结果]盐碱胁迫下,各砧木植株新梢生长量减少,降幅较少的为420A与SO4;叶绿素(Chl a+b)含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、PS Ⅱ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学性能指数(Piabs)、单位面积吸收的光能(ABS/CSm)、单位面积捕获的光能(Tro/CSm)、电子传递的量子产额(Etoo/CSm)、单位面积的反应中心数量(RC/CSm)、单位RC电子传递的量子产额(Eto/RC)值整体呈下降趋势,荧光诱导曲线中热耗散(Dio/CSm)、单位RC吸收的光能(ABS/RC)、单位RC捕获的光能(Tro/RC)、J点(Vj)、I点(V)升高,其中,Chla+b、Pn、Gs下降最多的品种为 3309M,Ci 与 Tr最低的分别是 5BB 和 5C,Piabs、Fv/Fm、Tro/CSm、Eto/RC 降幅最小的均为 SO4;ABS/CSm、Eto/CSm、RC/CSm降幅最小的为3309M,同时,339M的Dio/CSm增长最多,ABS/RC、Tro/RC、Vj、Vi增幅最大的是5C.[结论]利用主成分分析得到各砧木耐盐碱性由强到弱为SO4、1103P、5BB、420A、3309M、5C.

盐碱胁迫是制约葡萄产业发展的重要因子之一,优良砧木的选用可提高植株的耐盐碱性,是葡萄耐盐碱栽培、优质丰产的基础.本文总结了近年来盐碱胁迫对葡萄砧木生长的影响、不同葡萄砧木的耐盐碱性、葡萄砧木对盐碱胁迫的生理响应与分子应答、以及盐碱胁迫对葡萄砧木嫁接后接穗的影响等方面的研究成果,指出了目前研究中存在的问题,并对今后葡萄砧木耐盐碱方面的研究作出展望,为葡萄耐盐碱砧木品种的选育和利用提供参考,促进我国葡萄产业健康可持续发展.

[目的]通过比较不同砧木嫁接的赤霞珠葡萄种子中相关激素和多胺含量变化趋势,为砧穗互作对果实激素、多胺代谢影响的研究提供理论基础.[方法]以赤霞珠(Cabernet Sauvignon,CS)自根苗为对照,以嫁接在5BB、SO4、140R、3309M、河岸葡萄砧木上的赤霞珠葡萄为试验材料,测定赤霞珠葡萄果实从转色初期至成熟期可滴定酸含量和还原糖含量,以及种子中赤霉素(gibberellins A3,GA3)、生长素(indole acetic acid,IAA)、脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)、腐胺(putrescine,Put)、亚精胺(spermidine,Spd)、精胺(spermine,Spm)的含量.[结果]供试葡萄砧木品种均可以降低赤霞珠葡萄果实可滴定酸含量,提高还原糖含量;随着果实发育,不同砧穗组合种子中GA3含量总体呈"M"型变化趋势,Spd和IAA含量持续降低,ABA含量出现先降低后升高的变化趋势,而Put、Spm含量呈先上升后降低的变化趋势;在果实转色期各砧穗组合不同程度地提高了赤霞珠葡萄种子中Put和Spm含量,降低了 IAA、ABA、Spd含量;而在果实成熟期各砧木降低了 IAA和Spm含量,提高了 GA3、ABA、Put、Spd含量.[结论]与自根苗相比,嫁接明显改变了赤霞珠葡萄种子中激素和多胺的代谢水平,从而影响葡萄果实成熟.

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