Medical equipment, as an important indicator of smart hospital evaluation, plays a vital role in hospital operations. To ensure the safe and efficient operation of medical equipment, a reasonable performance evaluation system is indispensable. This study introduces a platform based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology that connects medical devices and collects data, achieving standardized and structured data processing, and supporting online operational supervision. Through the Delphi method, a performance evaluation system for large medical equipment is constructed, including 4 primary indicators and 22 secondary indicators. DICOM data acquisition devices are used to achieve functions such as efficiency analysis, benefit analysis, usage evaluation, and decision-making support for medical equipment. The study is still in its early stages, and in the future, it is expected to integrate more types of equipment, achieve rational resource allocation, and significantly impact decision-making for the development of public hospitals.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a life-threatening disease without effective treatment. The utilization of curcumin (Cur) for the treatment of AKI is still facing challenges due to its poor water-solubility and low bioavailability. Herein, kidney-targeted octenyl succinic anhydride-grafted fucoidan loaded with Cur (OSA-Fucoidan/Cur) was fabricated for synergistic treatment of AKI. It was found that OSA-Fucoidan/Cur micelles had a sustained drug release behavior and excellent physicochemical stability. Cellular uptake studies demonstrated that the specific binding between fucoidan and P-selectin overexpressed on H2O2-stimulated HUVECs contributed to the higher internalization of OSA-Fucoidan/Cur micelles by the cells. In addition, OSA-Fucoidan micelles exhibited an ideal kidney-targeted characteristic in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AKI mice. In vivo studies showed that the combination of Cur and OSA-Fucoidan endowed the OSA-Fucoidan/Cur micelles with synergistically anti-inflammatory and antioxidant abilities, thereby largely enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of AKI. Therefore, OSA-Fucoidan/Cur micelles may represent a potential kidney-targeted nanomedicine for effective treatment of AKI.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a life-threatening disease for which there is no effective treatment currently. Novel theranostics simultaneously having excellent imaging and therapeutic functions are highly desired in cancer therapy. Herein, we develop the sialic acid (SA) modified polymeric micelles at an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) of 43 °C (sialic acid-polyethylene glycol)-poly(acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile), SA-PEG-p(AAm-co-AN)), which further encapsulated with doxorubicin (DOX) and Gd-CuS nanoparticles (Gd-CuS NPs) for chemo-photothermal treatment of HCC guided by magnetic resonance (MR)/photoacoustic (PA) dual-mode imaging. The resultant SA-PEG-p(AAm-co-AN)/DOX/Gd-CuS (SPDG) had an excellent photothermal conversion efficiency, enabling SPDG with an instantaneous release behavior of DOX under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. This study also revealed that SPDG could actively target to HCC, which was due to that SA had a high affinity with E-selectin overexpressed at the tumor site. Moreover, benefiting from the HCC-targeted ability and NIR light-controlled on-demand delivery of DOX, SPDG showed a superior potential in MR/PA dual-mode imaging-guided chemo-photothermal treatment. Overall, our study reveals that the designed SPDG may be used as an ideal multifunctional nanoplatform for cancer theranostics.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a severe disorder with a high mortality and new effective therapies are urgently required. Our study aimed to explore the effect of combined cisplatin with conjugated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) on HCC. We prepared copolymer PCL-b-PPEEA and PEG-b-PCL-Pt(IV) to load drugs, while Pt(IV) MNP/siRNA nanoparticles were synthesized. The nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and Western blot analysis. Flow cytometry was determined to detect apoptosis of CD133 + SMMC7721 cells. Then cells were treated with Pt(IV) MNP/siRNA, MNP/siRNA or PBS, where the Notch1 and related gene expression were determined by RT-qPCR with clone formation detected by agarose assay. The synthesized nanoparticles were about 90 nm and absorbed by cancer cells with a high stability. Compared with the cisplatin, Pt(IV) MNP/siNotch1 nanoparticles exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity and downregu-lated expression of cisplatin-induced Notch1 and cancer stem cells. Moreover, the MNP/siNotch1 nanoparticles significantly suppressed the proliferation and clonal formation of CD133 + SMMC7721 cells. Co-delivery of cisplatin, si-Notch1 and folic acid conjugated MSN can inhibit the development of HCC, indicating that it might be a novel treatment approach for HCC in the future.

Since angiogenesis has an indispensable effect in the development and progression of tumors, in this study we aimed to identify angiogenic genes closely associated with prognosis of HCC to establish diagnostic, prognostic, and recurrence models. We analyzed 132 angiogenic genes and HCC-related RNA sequence data from the TCGA and ICGC databases by Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and identified four angiogenic genes (ENFA3, EGF, MMP3 and AURKB) to establish prognosis, recurrence and diagnostic models and corresponding nomograms. The prognostic and recurrence models were determined to be independent predictors of prognosis and recurrence (P < 0.05). And compared with the low-risk group, patients in the high-risk group had worse overall survival (OS) rates in training cohort (P < 0.001) and validation cohort (P < 0.001), and higher recurrence rates in training cohort (P<0.001) and validation cohort (P=0.01). The diagnostic models have been validated to correctly distinguish HCC from normal samples and proliferative nodule samples. Through pharmacological analysis we identified piperlongumine as a drug for targeting angiogenesis, and it was validated to inhibit HCC cell proliferation and angiogenesis via the EGF/EGFR axis.

This paper investigates the robustness of first-order coherence characterized by the Laplacian spectrum in duplex networks with varying interlayer linking topologies and node connections of two layers under degree, closeness and eigenvector centrality indicators. The interlayer linking weight and linking rate play an important role in the coherence of duplex networks. The increasing larger linking weight and linking rate make the duplex networks more consensus. In addition, the positively, negatively and randomly correlated linking patterns display diverse consensus behaviors in duplex networks with different interlayer connections. Finally, the linking pattern under the eigenvector centrality has a profound impact on the coherence in the constructed duplex networks. The obtained results of duplex networks may help with a deeper understanding of consensus in multilayer networks.

目的 构建一种用于检测细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)的高灵敏电化学生物传感器.方法 合成三维石墨烯@金纳米粒子(3D-G@Au)复合材料,用其修饰玻碳电极,通过壳聚糖、戊二醛与抗CYFRA21-1抗体交联,构建用于检测CYFRA21-1的3D-G@Au的电化学生物传感器.对构建成功的3D-G@Au的电化学生物传感器的电化学性能及检测性能进行初步评价.结果 循环伏安图显示裸玻碳电极、3D-G修饰玻碳电极和3D-G@Au修饰玻碳电极的氧化还原峰逐渐升高,提示3D-G@Au电化学生物传感器构建成功.传感器抗原-抗体相互作用的最佳温育时间为60 min,最佳孵育温度为35℃.采用3D-G@Au电化学生物传感器检测CYFRA21-1,线性范围为0.1～300.0 ng/mL,检测限为0.1 ng/mL(信噪比=3),10 mmol/L维生素C、10 mmol/L多巴胺和10 mmol/L尿酸对检测无干扰,重现性较好[相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.08％、3.11％],与化学发光法比较,RSD为1.96％～4.78％.制备好的3D-G@Au电化学生物传感器可在4℃条件下稳定30 d.结论 构建的3D-G@Au电化学生物传感器可用于血清CYFRA21-1的检测.

Considering the crucial effects of ferroptosis and iron metabolism on the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of genes related to ferroptosis and iron metabolism to construct diagnostic and prognostic models and explore the relationship with the immune microenvironment in HCC. We integrated 104 genes related to ferroptosis and iron metabolism and HCC-related RNA sequencing to identify HCC-related ferroptosis and iron metabolism genes. Through Cox regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method, we screened four genes (ABCB6, FLVCR1, SLC48A1 and SLC7A11) to construct prognostic and diagnostic models. Poorer overall survival (OS) was exhibited in the high-risk group than that in the low-risk group in both the training cohort (P < 0.001, HR = 0.27) and test cohort (P < 0.001, HR = 0.27). The prognostic signature was determined to be an independent predictor of prognosis. The diagnostic models were validated in terms of correctly distinguishing between HCC and normal samples, as well as HCC and proliferative nodule samples. In addition, compared with low-risk groups, high-risk groups had higher TMB; higher fractions of macrophages, follicular helper T cells, memory B cells, and neutrophils; and exhibited higher expression of CD83, B7H3, OX40 and CD134L. As an inducer of ferroptosis, erastin inhibited HCC cell proliferation and progression. Through bioinformatics analysis, erastin was showed to affect TH17 cell differentiation and the IL-17 signaling pathway, indicating that erastin is a potential targeted drug for immunotherapy.Funding Statement: This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81803778), and The Key Research and development Project of Zhejiang Province (No. 2018C03024), and The Public Welfare Research Program of Zhejiang Province (Nos. LQ20H160056 and LGD19h160002), The Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No. LYQ20H280003). Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.Ethics Approval Statement: The authors reported that since the data of the TCGA database and the ICGC database are open to the public and can be downloaded freely, and this study strictly followed the publication guidelines and access policies of the databases, ethical review and approval from an Ethics Committee are not required for the study.

This paper investigates leader-follower network coherence in a noisy ring-trees network model with preassigned leaders at the initial state. Different from existing works on designing consensus algorithms in the multi-agent systems, the leader-follower coherence characterized by the eigenvalues of a principal submatrix obtained from the Laplacian matrix is a measure of deviation from the state of the leaders in an $$H_2$$ norm. The recursive properties of ring-trees networks allow analytical calculations of this network coherence. Based on the relationship of the eigenvalues of the submatrix in two successive steps, an analytical expression for the leader-follower coherence is determined depending on the number of leaders and network parameters. This network model shows better consensus with the increasing number of leaders in the ring network and the ring-trees topology has a profound impact on the coherence.

Hepatic cancer is a serious disease with high morbidity and mortality. Theranostic agents with effective diagnostic and therapeutic capability are highly needed for the treatment of hepatic cancer. Herein, we aimed to develop a novel mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA)-based theranostic agent for T1/T2 dual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided cancer chemo-photothermal therapy. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-loaded MPDA NPs (MPDA@SPIO) was firstly prepared, followed by modifying with a targeted molecule of sialic acid (SA) and chelating with Fe3+ (SA-MPDA@SPIO/Fe3+ NPs). After that, doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded SA-MPDA@SPIO/Fe3+ NPs (SA-MPDA@SPIO/DOX/Fe3+) was prepared for tumor theranostics. The prepared SAPEG-MPDA@SPIO/ Fe3+ NPs were water-dispersible and biocompatible as evidenced by MTT assay. In vitro photothermal and relaxivity property suggested that the novel theranostic agent possessed excellent photothermal conversion capability and photostability, with relaxivity of being r(1) = 4.29 mM(-1)s(-1) and r(2) = 105.53 mM(-1)s(-1), respectively. SAPEG-MPDA@SPIO/Fe3+ NPs could effectively encapsulate the DOX, showing dual pH- and thermal-triggered drug release behavior. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that SA-MPDA@SPIO/DOX/Fe3+ NPs could effectively target to the hepatic tumor tissue, which was possibly due to the specific interaction between SA and the overexpressed E-selectin. This behavior also endowed SA-MPDA@SPIO/DOX/Fe3+ NPs with a more precise T1-T2 dual mode contrast imaging effect than the one without SA modification. In addition, SAPEG-MPDA@SPIO/DOX/Fe3+ NPs displayed a superior therapeutic effect, which was due to its active targeting ability and combined effects of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy. These results demonstrated that SAPEG-MPDA@SPIO/DOX/Fe3+ NPs is an effective targeted nanoplatform for tumor theranostics, having potential value in the effective treatment of hepatic cancer.

Activated oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressors contribute to reprogrammed energy metabolism and induce aerobic glycolysis, also known as Warburg effect. MicroRNAs are profoundly implicated in human malignancies by inhibiting translation of multiple mRNA targets. Using hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) molecular profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we identified a handful of dysregulated microRNA in HCC glycolysis, especially miR-34c-3p. Antagonization of miR-34c-3p inhibited the lactate production, glucose consumption, extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), and aggressive proliferation in HCC cells. Hijacking glycolysis by 2-deoxy-d-glucose or galactose largely abrogated the suppressive effects of miR-34c-3p inhibition in HCC. Membrane associated guanylate kinase, WW, and PDZ domain containing 3 (MAGI3) is then identified as a direct functional target of miR-34c-3p in regulating HCC glycolysis and oncogenic activities. Mechanistically, MAGI3 physically interacted with β-catenin to regulate its transcriptional activity and c-Myc expression, which further facilitates the Warburg effect by increasing expression of glycolytic genes including HK2, PFKL, and LDHA. Moreover, overexpressed miR-34c-3p and reduced MAGI3 predicted poor clinical outcome and was closely associated with the maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) in HCC patients who received preoperative 18 F-FDG PET/CT. Our findings elucidate critical several microRNAs implicated in HCC glycolysis and reveal a novel function of miR-34c-3p/MAGI3 axis in Warburg effect through regulating β-catenin activity.

Background: In this study, we comprehensively analyzed genes related to ferroptosis and iron metabolism to construct diagnostic and prognostic models and explore the relationship with the immune microenvironment in HCC. Methods: Integrated analysis, cox regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method of 104 ferroptosis- and iron metabolism-related genes and HCC-related RNA sequencing were performed to identify HCC-related ferroptosis and iron metabolism genes. Results: Four genes (ABCB6, FLVCR1, SLC48A1 and SLC7A11) were identified to construct prognostic and diagnostic models. Poorer overall survival (OS) was exhibited in the high-risk group than that in the low-risk group in both the training cohort (P < 0.001, HR = 0.27) and test cohort (P < 0.001, HR = 0.27). The diagnostic models successfully distinguished HCC from normal samples and proliferative nodule samples. Compared with low-risk groups, high-risk groups had higher TMB; higher fractions of macrophages, follicular helper T cells, memory B cells, and neutrophils; and exhibited higher expression of CD83, B7H3, OX40 and CD134L. As an inducer of ferroptosis, erastin inhibited HCC cell proliferation and progression, and it was showed to affect Th17 cell differentiation and IL-17 signaling pathway through bioinformatics analysis, indicating it a potential agent of cancer immunotherapy. Conclusions: The prognostic and diagnostic models based on the four genes indicated superior diagnostic and predictive performance, indicating new possibilities for individualized treatment of HCC patients.

Background: In the context of the high recurrence rate and poor clinical prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and considering the indispensable effect of angiogenesis in the development and metastasis of tumors, we analyzed HCC-related RNA sequence data to identify angiogenic genes closely associated with the prognosis of HCC. We used the identified genes to establish diagnostic, prognostic, and recurrence models to help clinicians effectively develop individualized treatment strategies for HCC.Method: We comprehensively analyzed 132 angiogenic genes and HCC-related RNA sequence data from the TCGA and the ICGC databases by Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO) regression to identify angiogenic genes; the genes were used to establish prognosis, recurrence and diagnostic models and to construct corresponding predictive nomograms. Pharmacological analysis was performed to detect target angiogenic drugs. Subsequently, in vitro cell experiments and western blot experiments were used to explore the anti-tumor effect and possible molecular mechanism of an angiogenesis-targeting target drug.Results: Four angiogenic genes (ENFA3, EGF, MMP3 and AURKB) were used to establish prognostic, relapse and diagnostic models. Through the prognostic model, we found that the overall survival (OS) of the high-risk group in the training cohort (P < 0.001, HR = 0.33) and validation cohort (P < 0.001, HR = 0.33) were significantly worse than those of the low-risk group. The recurrence model also demonstrated that in the training cohort (P<0.001, HR= 0.42) and validation cohort (P=0.01, HR=0.5), the recurrence rate of the high-risk group was significantly higher than that of the low-risk group. In addition, angiogenic genes were an independent predictor of prognosis and recurrence (P < 0.05). The diagnostic model has been validated in terms of correctly distinguishing between HCC and normal samples, as well as between HCC and proliferative nodule samples, with high sensitivity and high specificity. Through pharmacological analysis, we identified piperlongumine as a drug for targeting angiogenesis. Subsequent targeted drug cell experiments suggested that the anti-tumor effect of piperlongumine was achieved by inhibiting angiogenesis via the EGF/EGFR axis.Conclusion: We identified and validated the predictive properties of the diagnostic, recurrence, and prognostic models of four key angiogenic genes and confirmed the value of these four genes for constructing models. Piperlongumine was confirmed to inhibit HCC cell proliferation and angiogenesis via the EGF/EGFR axis. These findings may help to provide new individualized treatment ideas for HCC patients.Funding Statement: This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81803778), and The Key Research and development Project of Zhejiang Province (No. 2018C0302), and Public Welfare Project of Zhejiang Province (Nos. LGF19H180010, LGD19H160002 and LGF19H180009), and Medical and Health Care Key Project of Zhejiang Province (Nos. 2016146810, 2018KY197 and 2018KY932). Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.Ethics Approval Statement: Since these mRNA-sequencing data were obtained from TCGA and ICGC databases and were freely available to the public, and as this study also strictly followed the publication guidelines and access policies of these databases, this study does not require ethical review and approval from an Ethics Committee.

“智能仪器”研究生课程的教学效果对于我国仪器仪表和测控人才的培养至关重要.本文从智能仪器的课程特点出发,分析了采用案例和研讨相结合教学模式在该课程中的可行性和优越性.如何在课程组织中实现二者的有机融合是关键问题.在课程组织方面,提出通过讲授和讨论相结合的方法,教师教授基础知识,并引导学生针对选题进行调研和讨论.希望上述方法能为仪器学科研究生教学和培养提供借鉴.

"现代生命科学导论"是一门交叉型课程,有助于对复合型创新人才的培养.本文从课程的特点出发,在教学方法、教学内容和考核方式等方面进行了改革,并分析了采用案例和PBL(基于问题式学习)教学相结合的教学模式在该课程中的可行性和优势.

In view of the unsatisfactory treatment outcome of liver cancer under current treatment, where the mortality rate is high and the survival rate is poor, in this study we aimed to use RNA sequencing data to explore potential molecular markers that can be more effective in predicting diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. RNA sequencing data and corresponding clinical information were obtained from multiple databases. After matching with the apoptotic genes from the Deathbase database, 14 differentially expressed human apoptosis genes were obtained. Using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, two apoptosis genes (BAK1 and CSE1L) were determined to be closely associated with overall survival (OS) in HCC patients. And subsequently experiments also validated that knockdown of BAK1 and CSE1L significantly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis in the HCC. Then the two genes were used to construct a prognostic signature and diagnostic models. The high-risk group showed lower OS time compared to low-risk group in the TCGA cohort (P < 0.001, HR = 2.11), GSE14520 cohort (P = 0.003, HR = 1.85), and ICGC cohort (P < 0.001, HR = 4). And the advanced HCC patients showed higher risk score and worse prognosis compared to early-stage HCC patients. Moreover, the prognostic signature was validated to be an independent prognostic factor. The diagnostic models accurately predicted HCC from normal tissues and dysplastic nodules in the training and validation cohort. These results indicated that the two apoptosis-related signature effectively predicted diagnosis and prognosis of HCC and may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.

为探究高压脉冲电场(PEF)在酒精发酵工业上的实际应用,本研究以酿酒酵母为试验材料,在设定脉宽、频率、作用时间等参数不变的条件下,以电场强度为唯一变量,分别采用电场强度为1、6kV·cm-1的PEF对酵母进行预处理.通过检测发酵底液中酵母生长量、葡萄糖消耗量和乙醇产出量的变化,探究PEF对酿酒酵母发酵能力的影响.结果 表明,经12 h发酵后,在电场强度为1 kV· cm-1的PEF刺激作用下,酿酒酵母葡萄糖消耗量提高了10.18％,乙醇产出量提高了11.05％;当电场强度为6kV·cm-1时,葡萄糖消耗量和乙醇产出量均降低.本研究结果为提高酿酒酵母的发酵能力提供了一种新方法.

Lead is a toxic heavy metal which is extremely harmful to the human body. Lead and its compounds can cause great harm to nerves, hematopoiesis, digestion and kidneys. In agricultural production, lead in water and soil can be deposited in crops, which is one of the main causes of lead pollution. Therefore, the detection of lead in water and soil is very important. Recently, it was reported that square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) by using different nanomaterials modified working electrode had great test performance in heavy metal ions detection. Compared with the traditional mercury or bismuth film modified electrode, which can have secondary pollution to the environment, nanomaterials modified electrode has lower detection limit and broader detection range, and can be more stable than mercury or bismuth film modified electrodes. In this study, the graphene and HAuCl4 were used to fabricate graphene/gold nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode. First, 5μL graphene-DMF(1 g/mL) solution and 153 μL HAuCl4 (48.65 mmol/L) were added into 842 μL ethanol solution (50%). 6 μL suspension of GR/HAuCl4 was casted on a glassy carbon electrode, and kept for drying at room temperature. GR-AuNPs/GCE was electrochemically reduced in the 0.5 mol/L NaCl by cyclic voltammetry method between -1.3 V and +0.8 V at 50 mV/s scan rate for 11 potential cycles. The electrochemical characterization of the GR/AuNPs/GCE was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) method. The results showed that the GR-AuNPs/GCE had better surface conductivity compared with the bare GCE and the GR/GCE. The modified electrode was used to detect the standard samples of lead (Ⅱ) in acetate buffer solution by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry with an amplitude of 0.025 V, pulse width of 0.2 s, pulse period of 0.4 s, and scan range between ?1.3 and +0.8 V. The deposition potential was ?1.2 V and the deposition time was 180 s. Before the next cycle, the electrode was cleaned for 60 s at 0.8 V with stirring. For a better detection result, some detection conditions were optimized including the concentration of HAuCl4 in the GR-HAuCl4 mixed liquid, potential cycles of cyclic voltammetry, pH value of the acetate buffer solution, deposition potential and deposition time. Under all optimization conditions, the dissolution peak of lead ion (Ⅱ) is ?0.08 V in acetate buffer solution, and had a linear response to lead ion (Ⅱ) in the concentration range from 1 to 90 μg/L (R2 = 0.985), with the detection limit concentration of 0.27 μg/L. GR-AuNPs/GCE was successfully used to analyze the concentration of lead ion (Ⅱ) in water and soil with standard join law. Water and soil used for this experiment was obtained from Hangzhou Dianzi University, both divided into five groups. Both water samples and soil samples had five concentrations from 10 to 50 μg/L. The recovery ranges of lead ion (Ⅱ) in water samples and soil samples were 93.75%-109.2% and 93.82%-109.92%, with all RSDs were below 7%, which showed that the GR-AuNPs/GCE has a good detection performance for the actual samples.

Objective To determine the VP1 sequence of coxsackievirus A16(CA16) strains from Hangzhou, China in 2015, and based on this, to investigate the prevalence and phyletic evolution of CA16 in this district,in order to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of hand, foot and mouth disease(HFMD) and the selection of prophylactic vaccine against HFMD related to CA16. Methods A total of 256 children who were diagnosed as HFMD and received treatment in Hangzhou Children's Hospital in 2015 and had complete clinical data were enrolled.Their culture test results of throat swabs or stool samples were collected.By RT-PCR, VP1 sequencewas amplified (about 1 020 bp).DNASTAR and Primer Premier 5.0 were used for comparative analysis of the amplified products and the complete CA16 sequences in the NCBI database. Mega 3.1 software was used to establish VP1 sequences and GenBank CA16 reference strain VP1 sequence phylogenetic tree.Results Totaled 80 strains of CA16 virus were isolated. Compared with the CA16 sequences in the NCBI database, the nucleotide homology, amino acid homology for CA16 sequences from Hangzhou were 90.8%-100.0%, 99.5%-100.0%, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that, all the 17 CA16 strains belong to B1 subtype, including 2 evolutionary branches, B1a(4 strains) and B1b(13 strains). Conclusion The CA16 strains from Hangzhou in 2015 belong to B1 subtype, which is consistent with the results of molecular evolution and pathogenesis of HFMD proposed in some domestic and abroad researches.Therefore, this kind of CA16 strainsis were showed promise for further study as a vaccine candidate strain against HFMD.