结直肠癌(CRC)的发病率高且呈上升趋势,多数患者在就诊时已出现血便及局部浸润或转移.粪便血红蛋白免疫学检测(FIT)可筛查出一般风险人群中一定比例的结直肠进展期腺瘤(AA)和CRC,降低CRC的发病率和死亡率.FIT被广泛用于CRC的筛查.该文对FIT用于CRC筛查的风险和获益、一般风险人群的筛查策略、现实与理想筛查模型及其质量控制进行概述.

Association of IFN-γ expression with clinicopathological features in patients with NSCLC.

Detailed information about transfected cell lines, sphere-formation assay, animal xenograft models, RNA extraction and quantitative RT-PCR, flow cytometry, IHC and IF staining, western blotting and TCGA database.

癌症的筛查和早诊早治已被公认为是癌症防控最有效的途径之一.肿瘤标志物具有方便、无创、经济等优势,且是筛查过程中非常重要的辅助诊断工具,目前被广泛的用于肿瘤筛查.由于癌种的多样性、异质性和肿瘤学科的专业性特点,肿瘤标志物在筛查过程中的应用存在极大的不规范,如何正确理解并运用肿瘤标志物,通过传统筛查手段联合肿瘤标志物对高危人群进行规范化路径管理,从而发挥其在肿瘤机会筛查中作用,具有重要的现实意义.

BACKGROUNDThe presence of lymph node (LN) metastases is associated with poor survival outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Because of the low probability of LN metastasis, research into the prognoses of these patients is difficult. The present study developed a nomogram model to predict the prognosis of HCC patients with LN metastasis.METHODSThis retrospective, noninterventional study enrolled patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2015. The following inclusion criteria were used: (I) site recode ICD-O-3 (International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition) of 8170-8175 and malignant histological behavior; (II) seventh edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage N1; (III) older than 18 years; and (IV) available information. Potential prognostic factors were collected from the SEER database; the primary outcomes of interest were overall survival (OS) and disease status. Cox and Lasso regression were used to investigate independent prognostic factors for survival. A prognostic nomogram using these independent risk factors was constructed. The concordance index (C-index) and calibration curves were used to evaluate the model's predictive performance. The clinical benefit was assessed via decision curve analysis (DCA).RESULTSPatients were randomized into a training group (944 patients) and a validation group (402 patients) in a 70:30 ratio. Grade, T stage, liver surgery, chemotherapy, radiation recode, alpha-fetoprotein level, fibrosis score, tumor size group, and M stage were selected as independent prognostic factors, and a nomogram was developed using these variables. The C-indices of the training and validation groups were 0.70 and 0.73, respectively. Calibration curves for the probability of survival showed good agreement. DCA indicated that the nomogram had positive net benefits.CONCLUSIONSThe constructed nomogram may assist clinicians in predicting the prognosis of HCC patients with LN metastasis and may provide a rationale for treatment options.

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21285-2

Background Previous research found that the cancer history of an individual’s sibling may be a better indicator than that of the parents. We aim to provide recommendations for opportunistic screening for individuals whose sibling had been diagnosed with cancer. Methods During the physical examination in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 43,300 people were asked if they have at least two siblings who developed cancer. Results A total of 1270 sibling-pairs from 766 families developed cancer, including 367 pairs of brothers (Bro-pairs), 368 pairs of sisters (Sis-pairs), and 535 pairs of brother-and-sister (BroSis-pairs). The mean ages at diagnosis of cancer for the three groups were from 58 to 62 years. More than half of Bro-pairs (55.3%) or Sis-pairs (51.1%) had cancer from the same systemic origin, and more than a quarter of Bro-pairs (28.1%) and Sis-pairs (37.2%) developed the same type of cancer. However, only 36.0% of BroSis-pairs developed cancers from the same systemic origin, and 18.9% developed the same type of cancer. In Bro-pairs and BroSis-pairs, lung cancer and digestive system cancer were the most common cancers, while in Sis-pairs, breast cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer, liver cancer and thyroid cancer were the most common ones. Conclusions If an individual’s sibling is diagnosed with cancer, the individual should consider participating in opportunistic screening annually, especially for lung cancer and digestive system cancers for both sexes. For sisters, breast cancer, cervical cancer and thyroid cancer should be screened early. Additionally, genetic services are essential for individuals who have siblings with cancer.

目的 观察健康人群尿液生化项目的日内变异、昼夜差异和性别差异.方法 2018年4月至5月招募北京地区健康志愿者41名,年龄(38±10)岁,其中男性18名,检测24 h内随机尿和总尿的生化结果 ,统计分析尿液生化项目的昼夜差异,比较经肌酐(Cr)校正前后日内变异系数(CV)的差异,分析性别间24 h尿生化项目的差异.结果 尿酸(UA)、总蛋白(Pro)、微量清蛋白(mAlb)、尿素(Urea)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)、钾(K)、钠(Na)、氯(Cl)各项目经Cr校正前、后CV(％)分别为:47.66±13.9和31.20±13.02、54.45±19.63和29.10±17.30、58.39±21.59和40.38±22.44、41.26±17.48和23.42±9.38、56.10±17.79和44.41±16.13、61.58±22.21和35.81±17.59、51.75±18.28和40.45±18.42、41.94±14.80和41.03±13.46、40.02±14.68和39.87±18.40.UA、Pro、mAlb、Urea、Ca、P、K经Cr校正后,CV均降低(P均<0.01),而Na、Cl校正前、后CV差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);尿UA、Na、Cl、K、P有昼夜差异(P<0.01),UA、Na、Cl、K白天排泄高于夜间,而P夜间排泄高于白天,Pro、mAlb、Urea、Ca无昼夜差异(P>0.05);男性24 h尿Cr高于女性(P<0.01),分别为(16.12±3.46)mmol/24 h,(11.38±2.35)mmol/24 h,而其他项目差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 尿液生化项目存在较大的日内变异,经Cr校正后部分项目日内变异减小,个别项目存在昼夜差异和性别差异.

Lymphoepithelioma-like hepatic carcinoma (LELC) is a rare distinctive variant of liver cancer with unique epidemiological and pathological characteristics, characterized by dense lymphocyte infiltration.It can be divided into lymphoepithelioma-like hepatocellular carcinoma (LEL-HCC) and lymphoepithelioma-like cholangiocarcinoma (LEL-CC). The diagnosis is mainly based on pathology, and the treatment is mainly surgery. The prognosis of LELC is good, which may be related to a large number of lymphocyte infiltration. The data of LELC is very limited, only a few case reports and small retrospective studies, which needs further exploration and research. Up to now, 67 cases of LEL-HCC and 34 cases of LEL-CC have been reported. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current research situation on LELC in terms of epidemiology, clinical treatment, pathology and research prospects.

Objective: To understand the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment among urban residents of China, and explore the related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China (CanSPUC) from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The health literacy of the cancer prevention, early discovery, early diagnosis, early treatment and the demands of cancer prevention and treatment knowledge was analyzed. The level of health literacy among different groups were calculated and compared. The binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment. Results: The level of health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment was 56.97% among all study population; in each group it was 55.01% for community residents, 59.08% for cancer risk assessment/screening population, 61.99% for cancer patients and 57.31% for occupational population, respectively (P<0.001). The level of health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment of residents aged 50 to 69 years old, other occupational groups, unmarried, the central and western region residents and the group with unclear self-assessment of cancer risk was significantly lower than that of residents younger than 40 years old, personnel of public institutions/civil servants, married, the eastern region residents and the group whose self-assessment without cancer risk (P<0.05) . The level of health literacy of cancer prevention and treatment of females, people who went to high school or over, cancer risk assessment/screening population, cancer patients and occupational population was significantly higher than that of males, people who had an education level of primary school or below and community residents (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment of urban residents in China was relatively high, but there was still room for improvement. Gender, age, educational level, occupation, region, marital status, self-assessment of cancer risk, and type of respondents were the key influencing factors of the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment. Male, 50-69 years old, lower educational level, central and western regions, unclear cancer risk self-assessment, and without specific environmental exposure to cancer prevention and treatment knowledge or related risk factors were the characteristics of the key intervention group of the health literacy of the cancer prevention and treatment.目的： 了解我国城市居民肿瘤防治健康素养现况，并探讨其相关因素。 方法： 采用横断面调查的方法，于2015—2017年以2015年度城市癌症早诊早治项目覆盖的16个项目省份为研究现场，采用整群及方便抽样的方法，将年龄≥18岁、能够理解调查程序的居民纳入研究。共纳入32 257名研究对象，社区居民、癌症风险评估/筛查干预人群、现患癌症患者及职业人群分别有15 524、8 016、2 289、6 428名。对肿瘤预防、早发现、早诊断、早治疗、防治知识需求等态度和意识方面的健康素养情况进行分析；比较不同人群健康素养水平；采用多因素logistic回归模型分析居民肿瘤防治健康素养的影响因素。 结果： 我国城市居民的肿瘤防治健康素养水平为56.97%；社区居民、癌症风险评估/筛查干预人群、现患癌症患者和职业人群的肿瘤防治健康素养水平分别为55.01%、59.08%、61.99%、57.31%（P<0.001）。与≤39岁人群、事业单位人员/公务员、已婚、东部地区、自评无患癌风险人群相比，50~69岁、其他职业、非在婚、中西部地区、患癌风险自评不清楚者肿瘤防治健康素养水平较低（P<0.05）；与男性、小学及以下文化程度的人群及社区居民相比，女性、高中/中专以上文化程度人群、癌症风险评估/筛查干预人群、现患癌症患者和职业人群的肿瘤防治健康素养水平均较高（P<0.05）。 结论： 我国城市居民肿瘤防治意识角度的健康素养水平较高，但仍有可提升空间；性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、地区、婚姻状况、患癌风险自评、人群分类等是肿瘤防治健康素养的主要影响因素；男性、50~69岁、低文化程度、中西部地区、不清楚患癌风险、无特定环境接触肿瘤防治知识及相关危险因素的人群是肿瘤防治健康素养应重点干预的人群。.

Objective:To understand the health literacy and relevant factors of cancer prevention consciousness in Chinese urban residents from 2015 to 2017.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the information of demographic characteristics and cancer prevention consciousness focusing on nine common risk factors, including smoking, alcohol, fiber food, food in hot temperature or pickled food, chewing betel nut, helicobacter pylori, moldy food, hepatitis B infection, estrogen, and exercise. The logistic regression model was adopted to identify the influencing factors.Results:The overall health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness was 77.4% (24 980 participants), with 77.4% (12 018 participants), 79.9% (6 406 participants), 77.2% (1 766 participants) and 74.5% (4 709 participants) in each group ( P<0.001). The correct response rates for nine risk factors ranged from 55.2% to 93.0%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with community residents, people with primary school level education or below, and the number of people living together in the family <3, the cancer risk assessment/screening intervention population, cancer patients, those with junior high school level educationor above and the number of people living in the family ≥3 had better health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness (all P values <0.05). Compared with females, 39 years old and below, government-affiliated institutions or civil servants, from the eastern region, males, older than 40 years, company or enterprise employees, and from the middle or western region had worse health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness (all P values <0.05). Conclusion:The health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness in Chinese urban residents should be improved. The cancer screening intervention, gender, age, education, occupation, the number of people co-living in the family, and residential region were associated with the health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness.

Objective: To understand the consciousness of the cancer early detection among urban residents and identify the influencing factors from 2015 to 2017. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. Self-designed questionnaires were used to collect population, socioeconomic indicators, self-cancer risk assessment, regular participation in physical examination and other information. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the factors of people who had not regularly participated in the regular physical examination in the past five years. Results: The self-assessment results of 32 357 residents showed that there were 27.54% (8 882) of total study population with self-reported cancer risk, 45.48% (14 671) without cancer risk and 26.98% (8 704) with unclear judgement on their own cancer risk. Among population with cancer risk, 79.84% (7 091) considered physical examination accounted. In the past five years, there were 21 105 (65.43%) residents participated in regular physical examination and 11 148 (34.56%) participated in non-scheduled one, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with unmarried and western region residents, divorced, middle and eastern region residents had a stronger consciousness to participate in the regular physical examination (P<0.05). Compare with residents with annual household income less than 20 000 CNY in 2014, cancer risk assessment/screening intervention population, and self-assessment with cancer risk, residents with annual household income between 20 000 CNY and 59 000 CNY in 2014, occupational population, community residents, cancer patients, self-reported cancer-free risk, and self-assessment with unclear judgement of cancer risk were less likely to participate in the regular physical examination (all P values <0.05). Conclusion: From 2015 to 2017, the Chinese urban residents had a acceptable consciousness of the cancer early detection. The marital status, annual household income, population group and self-assessment of cancer risk were related to the consciousness of the cancer early detection of people who had not participated in the regular physical examination in the past five years.目的： 分析2015—2017年中国城市早诊早治项目地区居民肿瘤早发现意识现况及相关因素。 方法： 采用横断面调查的方法，于2015—2017年以2015年度"城市癌症早诊早治项目"覆盖的16个项目省份为研究现场，采用整群及方便抽样的方法，将年龄≥18岁、能够理解调查程序的居民纳入研究。共纳入32 257名研究对象，社区居民、癌症风险评估/筛查干预人群、现患癌症患者及职业人群分别有15 524、8 016、2 289、6 428名。采用自制的调查问卷收集人口、社会经济学指标、自我患癌风险评价、是否定期参加体检等信息，并采用多因素logistic回归模型分析近5年未定期体检者体检意愿的相关因素。 结果： 研究对象中自评具有患病风险、不具有患病风险、不清楚者分别占27.54%、45.48%和26.98%；其中自评具有患癌风险者考虑体检的比例占79.84%。近5年参加定期体检、未定期体检者分别占65.43%和34.56%。多因素logistics回归模型分析结果显示，离婚人群、中部和东部的受访者的参加定期体检的意愿更为积极（P值均<0.05）；2014年家庭年收入在2.0万元~3.9万元者、4.0万元~5.9万元者、职业人群、社区居民、现患癌症患者、自评无患癌风险人群及不清楚自己患癌风险者参加体检的意愿较低（P值均<0.05）。 结论： 2015—2017年中国城市早诊早治项目地区居民肿瘤早发现意识较好；婚姻状况、家庭收入、人群分组、自我患病风险评价与近5年未定期参加体检者定期参加体检的意愿相关。.

压力性尿失禁(stress urinary incontinence,SUI)是指喷嚏、咳嗽、大笑或运动时腹压增高后出现不自主的尿液自尿道口漏出.SUI限制了女性日常活动及运动,严重影响其生活质量,并导致巨大心理压力.SUI的危险因素有:年龄、遗传 因素、雌激素水平降低、便秘、慢性咳嗽及肥胖等[1],其中肥胖是SUI的独立危险因素[2].

Objective: To investigate the demand and access to the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge and related factors among urban residents in China from 2015 to 2017. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the information of general demographic characteristics, the demand and access to cancer prevention and treatment knowledge, and the influencing factors of the attitude. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the difference of the demand of the cancer prevention knowledge among different groups and the corresponding factors of the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge were analyzed by using the logistic regression model. Results: The proportion of residents who need the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge was 79.5%. The demand rate of the inducement, symptom and diagnosis methods of cancer in the occupational population was highest, about 66.8%, 71.0% and 20.8%, respectively. The demand rate of treatment methods and cost in current cancer patients was the highest, about the 45.9% and 21.9%, respectively. The top three sources to acquire the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge were "broadcast or television" (69.5%), "books, newspapers, posters or brochures" (44.7%) and "family and friends" (33.8%). The multivariate analysis showed that compared with public institution personnel/civil servants, unmarried/cohabiting/divorced/widowed and others, annual household income less than 20 000 CNY, from the eastern region, people without cancer diagnosis and people with self-assessment of cancer risk, the demand rate of cancer prevention and treatment knowledge was higher in enterprise personnel/workers, married, annual household income between 60 000 CNY and 150 000 CNY, from the central region, people with cancer and people with unclear cancer risk (all P values <0.05). Conclusion: There was a high demand for the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge among urban residents in China from 2015 to 2017. The main access to the knowledge is from the radio or television. The occupation, marital status, annual household income, residential region, health status and risk of disease were the main factors of the demand of the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge.

Objective: To understand the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis among urban residents and identify the related factors from 2015 to 2017. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The general demographic characteristics, the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis (whether people would have a willingness or encourage their relatives/friends to confirm the abnormal results once which were detected from the physical examination) and other information were collected by using the self-designed questionnaire. The non-conditional logistic regression model was used to identify the relateol factors related to the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis. Results: As for residents with abnormal result from the physical examination, 89.29% (28 802) of residents would choose to seek medical treatment for further diagnosis. If their relatives/friends had abnormal results from the physical examination, 89.55% (28 886) of residents would encourage their relatives/friends to confirm the diagnosis in time. The non-conditional logistic regression model analysis showed that compared with the public institution staff/civil servants, annual household income less than 20 000 CNY, the western region and the cancer risk assessment/screening intervention population, the company staff, annual household income about 40 000 CNY and more, and the residents from the middle and eastern region had a stronger consciousness to seek further diagnosis; while the unemployed residents and community residents were less likely to seek further diagnosis (P<0.05). Conclusions: From 2015 to 2017, the Chinese urban residents had a good consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis. Occupation, annual household income, residential region and population group were related to the consciousness of the cancer early diagnosis.目的： 分析2015—2017年中国城市居民早诊断意识现状及其相关因素。 方法： 采用横断面调查的方法，于2015—2017年以2015年度城市癌症早诊早治项目覆盖的16个项目省份为研究现场，采用整群及方便抽样的方法，将年龄≥18岁、能够理解调查程序的居民纳入研究。共纳入32 257名研究对象，社区居民、癌症风险评估/筛查干预人群、现患癌症患者及职业人群分别有15 524、8 016、2 289、6 428名。采用自制的调查问卷收集一般人口学特征、早诊断意识（假如自己体检查出异常结果的情况后是否去医院确诊、假如亲人或好朋友体检中查出异常结果的情况后是否会建议其及时确诊）等信息，采用多因素非条件logistic回归模型分析早诊断意识的相关因素。 结果： 假如自己体检查出异常结果的情况，89.29%（28 802名）对象选择进一步就医寻求确诊；假如亲人或好朋友体检查出异常结果的情况，89.55%（28 886名）对象建议对方及时确诊。多因素非条件logistic回归模型分析结果显示，相对于事业单位人员/公务员、2014年家庭年总收入2.0万元以下、西部地区及癌症风险评估/筛查干预人群，公司职员，2014年家庭年总收入4.0万元及以上者，东部和中部地区人群，更倾向于去医院进一步确诊；而无业人员和社区居民倾向于不去医院确诊（P值均<0.05）。 结论： 2015—2017年中国城市居民的肿瘤早诊断意识整体较好，职业、家庭年总收入、地区和人群分组是早诊断意识的相关因素。.

Abstract Background Most lung cancer patients are diagnosed after the onset of symptoms. However, whether the symptoms of lung cancer were independently associated with the diagnosis of lung cancer is unknown, especially in the Chinese population. Methods We conducted a 10 years (2005‐2014) nationwide multicenter retrospective clinical epidemiology study of lung cancer patients diagnosed in China. As such, this study focused on nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We calculated the odds ratios (ORs) for variables associated with the symptoms and physical signs using multivariate unconditional logistic regressions. Results A total of 7184 lung cancer patients were surveyed; finally, 6398 NSCLC patients with available information about their symptoms and physical signs were included in this analysis. The most common initial symptom and physical sign was chronic cough (4156, 65.0%), followed by sputum with blood (2110, 33.0%), chest pain (1146, 17.9%), shortness of breath (1090, 17.0%), neck and supraclavicular lymphadenectasis (629, 9.8%), weight loss (529, 8.3%), metastases pain (378, 5.9%), fatigue (307, 4.8%), fever (272, 4.3%), and dyspnea (270, 4.2%). Patients with squamous carcinoma and stage III disease were more likely to present with chronic cough (P < 0.0001) and sputum with blood (P < 0.0001) than patients with other pathological types and clinical stages, respectively. Metastases pain (P < 0.0001) and neck and supraclavicular lymphadenectasis (P = 0.0006) were more likely to occur in patients with nonsquamous carcinoma than in patients with other carcinomas. Additionally, patients with stage IV disease had a higher percentage of chest pain, shortness of breath, dyspnea, weight loss, and fatigue than patients with other stages of disease. In multivariable logistic analyses, compared with patients with adenocarcinoma, patients with squamous carcinoma were more likely to experience symptoms (OR = 2.885, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.477‐3.359) but were less likely to present physical signs (OR = 0.844, 95% CI 0.721‐0.989). The odds of having both symptoms and physical signs were higher in patients with late‐stage disease than in those with early‐stage disease (P < 0.0001). Conclusions The symptoms and physical signs of lung cancer were associated with the stage and pathological diagnosis of NSCLC. Patients with squamous carcinoma were more likely to develop symptoms, but not signs, than patients with adenocarcinoma. The more advanced the stage at diagnosis, the more likely that symptoms or physical signs are to develop. Further prospective cohort studies are needed to explore these results.

[目的]调查我国城市上消化道癌高危人群对内镜筛查的接受度与支付意愿.[方法]基于2012～2014年城市癌症早诊早治项目的13个省份,以高危风险模型筛查出的上消化道癌高危人群且接受进一步单一上消化道癌内镜筛查的居民为对象,面对面调查其对内镜筛查的接受度和在一定付费假设下的支付意愿,并进行分省份亚组分析.[结果]最终纳入分析对象共3256名.年龄(55.4±7.5)岁,男性占40.8％,近5年中位人均年收入为2.3万元.对于上消化道癌内镜筛查,90.0％的高危对象表示可以接受.假定将每3年1次的上消化道癌内镜筛查长期推行且需个人部分付费时,81.7％的高危对象表示愿意支付,但支付额度超过100元者仅占14.8％.其余18.3％无支付意愿者主要认为费用难以承受(38.2％)和检查痛苦(27.3％).各省份间接受度和支付意愿存在统计学差异(P＜0.05).[结论]我国城市上消化道癌高危人群对内镜筛查的接受度和支付意愿较高,但支付额度较低,提示应提高居民对内镜筛查认知和自我健康的责任意识,改善筛查环境和技术操作以减轻被筛者不适.

中国癌症死亡率高于全球平均水平.在众多种类的癌症中,食管癌、胃癌、肠癌、肝癌、肺癌、乳腺癌等6种癌症的死亡率位居前列.究其根源,患者就诊时间偏中晚期,是癌症死亡率偏高的重要影响因素,因此,加强早诊早治是预防癌症的重要方法. 研究及实践结果显示,40％的癌症可以通过筛查早期发现并治愈,通过戒烟、健康饮食、锻炼身体和预防可引起癌症的感染,更可预防1/3的癌症.

The impact of participating in breast cancer screening programmes on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL)is poorly understood.

Objective:To determine the screening and early detection reference age for individuals with family history of cancer in either one of the parents.Methods:We examined the family history of 33 200 subjects who visited the Department of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College between January 2008 and March 2018 for cancer screening and early detection. The age differences between the subjects in the research population were analyzed using an independent t-test. All statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 24.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results:We documented 480 families in which fathers and one or more of their children were diagnosed with malignancies, attributing to 614 father-child pairs. We also documented 476 families with mothers and one or more of their children diagnosed with malignancies, attributing to 614 mother-child pairs. In total, we included 956 families in our study with a total of 505 sons and 723 daughters diagnosed with cancer during the study period. In the father-child group the average age at diagnosis for fathers, sons, and daughters were 66.6±10.8, 56.6±11.7, and 51.7±11.7 years, respectively. Sons and daughters were diagnosed with malignancy 10.0 and 14.9 years earlier than their fathers, respectively ( P<0.001). Daughters developed malignancies approximately 5 years earlier than sons in the father-child group ( P<0.001). In the mother-child group, the average age at diagnosis for mothers, sons, and daughters were 65.8±12.2, 57.8±12.2, and 52.3±12.4 years, respectively. Mothers were diagnosed with malignant disease 8 years later than their sons ( P<0.001) and 13.5 years later than their daughters ( P<0.001). Interestingly, daughters developed malignant diseases 5.5 years earlier than sons even in this group ( P<0.001). Average age at diagnosis for subjects whose fathers and mothers developed malignancy before 50 years was 4.8 years and 4.4 years earlier than those whose fathers and mothers developed malignancy after 50 years old ( P<0.05, P<0.001). Sons and daughters were diagnosed with lung cancer 9.3 and 12.6 years earlier than the fathers, and 10.2 and 13.6 years earlier than the mothers, respectively ( P<0.001).The daughters in the mother-children group and the father-daughter group were diagnosed with breast cancer 10.5 and 11.1 years earlier than the mothers in the mother-child group ( P<0.001). Conclusions:Children develop malignancy earlier than their parents in families with cancer in parents and children. Hence, individuals with a family history of cancer in either of their parents should undergo interventions for cancer screening and early detection at a relatively earlier age compared to the initial screening age recommended by conventional screening guidelines for certain cancers.