Nanoparticle-based immunoassays are emerging tools in the early and rapid detection of biomolecules including viral particles. Like any other viral disease, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has no vaccine or effective treatment. Mostly, the best-known remedy for viruses is the innate immunological responses of the host; otherwise, prevention of viral infection at the initial stage is the only alternative. Therefore, early diagnosis is the primary approach toward the utmost goal of virus control and eradication. Conventional clinical practices for virus screening are enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunoassay, hemagglutination inhibition assay, etc. Nanodiagnostics can ideally overcome the drawbacks of the conventional detection techniques by less time consumption, cost-effectiveness, ease, large sample screening, and more sensitivity. In the last two decades, several formulations of nanoprobes have been developed for the detection of viruses. Diverse properties of nanoparticles enable us to design different technological approaches like colorimetric, light scattering, biobarcode assay, immuno-PCR, quartz crystal microbalance, localized surface-plasmon resonance, etc., to detect the biomarkers (antigen, antibody, or nucleic acids) including virus infectious agents. In this chapter, a general contribution of nanoparticle-based immunoassays is discussed for the detection of viruses including HIV, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Ebola virus, dengue virus, herpes simplex virus, and hepatitis B virus.

Study design This is a retrospective longitudinal review. Objective The purpose of this review was to identify predictors of developing clinical scoliosis and compare between traumatic and neurological aetiologies of SCI. Setting This study was conducted at the Midland Centre of SCI. Method Case notes of all patients injured at an age up to 18 years and admitted between 1971 and 2013 were reviewed. Results Sixty-nine individuals were identified, of which seven were excluded: three with pre-existing scoliosis and four with spina bifida. The remaining 62 (44 males, 18 females) had a median age at injury of 17 years (inter quartile range 13-17). Of these, 51 (82%) had traumatic and 11 (18%) had neurological injury. Most (42/51; 82%) of the children who had a traumatic injury were older than 13 years. The risk of developing scoliosis was lower for older patients (RR 0.68 per year, 95% CI 0.52-0.83) or following a traumatic injury (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.20-0.66). A multivariable analysis based on age and trauma showed that only older age decreased the risk. A robust Receiver Operator Curve analysis suggested 14.6 years as the optimal threshold to predict development of scoliosis within 10 years (Area Under the Curve; AUC 0.83 (95% CI 0.73-0.93), sensitivity 70% (95% CI 50-89%), specificity 89% (95% CI 74-100%). Conclusion Our results suggest that age below 14.6 years was a predictor for scoliosis. Once adjustment is made for age, the incidence of scoliosis does not differ between traumatic and neurological aetiologies of paediatric SCI injury.

Undoped and Fe(II)doped Zinc titanate samples were prepared by microwave assisted solvothermal method.Structural and optical properties were carried by XRD, SEM, EDS, FTIR, UV-Vis and Raman Spectra.Transport properties were also carried on the prepared samples.Randomly oriented rodlike nanostructures were observed from SEM studies.Fe addition was evident from the EDS profiles.FTIR and Raman Studies confirmed the Fe 2+ ions and a slight increase of absorption were observed from Uv-Vis Spectra.Dependence of Electrical conductivity and Thermopower on Fe content and Temperature were reported in this paper.The increase of conductivity from1.8x10 - to 2.2x10 -3 Ω -1 cm -1 and thermopower from 40 to 60 V/K with doping of Fe at room temperature was observed.

Clinical OtolaryngologyVolume 42, Issue 6 p. 1382-1385 CORRESPONDENCE: OUR EXPERIENCE Designing, implementing and assessing a new formative OSCE for ENT higher surgical trainees: Our experience in the North West region N. Stobbs, Corresponding Author N. Stobbs nicolastobbs@doctors.org.uk orcid.org/0000-0002-3513-3490 Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK Correspondence N. Stobbs, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. Email: nicolastobbs@doctors.org.ukSearch for more papers by this authorS. Khwaja, S. Khwaja Stockport NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UKSearch for more papers by this authorN. Khwaja, N. Khwaja University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UKSearch for more papers by this authorN. Kumar, N. Kumar Wigan Wrightington & Leighn NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UKSearch for more papers by this author N. Stobbs, Corresponding Author N. Stobbs nicolastobbs@doctors.org.uk orcid.org/0000-0002-3513-3490 Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK Correspondence N. Stobbs, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. Email: nicolastobbs@doctors.org.ukSearch for more papers by this authorS. Khwaja, S. Khwaja Stockport NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UKSearch for more papers by this authorN. Khwaja, N. Khwaja University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UKSearch for more papers by this authorN. Kumar, N. Kumar Wigan Wrightington & Leighn NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: 09 April 2017 https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.12887Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume42, Issue6December 2017Pages 1382-1385 RelatedInformation

This article deals with the main issues of management of traumatic spinal cord injury discussing - physiological instability, prognostic determinants of recovery, natural history, care in supine position, mobilization, canal encroachment, cord compression, and indications for surgery. A review of relevant literature has been done including the STASCIS study to try and explore whether early or late surgery for traumatic spinal cord injury is better than conservative management. It reflects the ethos of Active Physiological Conservative Management for these patients at RJ&AH Orthopaedic Hospital. Considering the lack of credible evidence demonstrating superiority of outcome with surgery compared to early active management of the traumatic spinal injury, patients should be encouraged to make an informed choice.

This paper reviews that why suicides happen and what to do about it. In this paper we will discussing about the teenager that what prompts them to do suicides over even think of it. Most suicide happens due to depression, stress, peer pressure, over regular uses of unadvised drugs and many more factors. Itu0027s starting to become a trend among the teenagers that if things donu0027t go their way, the only way left is thn “SUICIDE”. This paper also deals with the preventive measures including emergency hotline numbers, effective treatment of suicide attempters, serious punishments to people involve in sexual abuse, introduction of awareness campaigns but there is a clear need for more effective research to manage this high risk group.

Watermark is pattern of bits inserted into a digital image, that identifies the file's copyright information (author rights etc). The name watermarking is derived from the faintly visible marks imprinted on organizational stationery. A robust and novel strategic approach for insertion-extraction of a digital watermark in color images is presented. Watermarks are generally intended to be visible but are invisible. Invisible insertion of the watermark is performed in the most significant regions of the host image such that tampering of that portion to remove or to destroy will degrade the esthetic quality and value of the image. One feature of the algorithm is that these user defined characters are used as a region of interest for the water marking process and eliminates the changes of watermark removal. Specifically we are interested to develop dithering techniques intended to embed color watermarking into color image. Here we have proposed and implemented dithering techniques in various color spaces like RGB and HSV. An attempt is made to develop full color water marking scheme using those techniques.

It is a Psychological study of self esteem, a judgment of oneself as well as an attitude toward self and also a comparative quantitative study of General versus Reserved category executive trainees (at the time of interview) of Indian Oil Corporation Limited. Self-esteem is an important indicator of the performance which can predict present or future behavior and responses. For measuring the same sample size is taken 600, from all over the India. Rosenberg self-esteem scale (Rosenberg, M., 1965) was used and results are analyzed carefully. A comparison of self-esteems is taken out based on before (at the time of interview) and after (on selection, at the time of joining) achieving the target/goal. Difference in self-esteem based on gender, economic status, and category is taken out. Descriptive and inferential statistics techniques are used for measuring and analyzing results. Results show that there is no significant difference between self-esteems of general versus reserved categories and comparing the study with reviews it is found that self-esteem is related with happiness, life satisfaction and wellbeing. It is also suggested that self esteem and performance affects each other at some extent and self-esteem of individuals increases after achieving goal. In an organization or workplace an individual's low self-esteem can affect the mental wellbeing negatively which can lead to stress, low productivity and loss. To solve this challenge and to increase maximum profit, it is important to understand and analyze it effectively.

Railways is one of the biggest organisation of Government of India employing nearly 14 lakh persons and having annual Budget of nearly Rs 1.05 lakh Crores. Railways has a large number of assets which are to be maintained as per the maintenance schedule to run the trains efficiently and has to regularly add on to its capacity by manufacturing nearly 500 locomotives and 3000 coaches every year. Nearly 20% of the Railways Budget and assets are being utilized for the procurement and management of the material for regular maintenance and production. The importance of procurement process in Railways can be understood from the fact that a separate service, Indian Railway Stores Services has been created in Railways. Engineers are recruited through UPSC for this service and entrusted with the job of managing the procurement system and ensure availability of material for maintenance and production. With the reducing Budgetary support and increasing cost of fuel prices with limitations to raise the fares due to social obligations, it is the call of hour that railways think out of the box to make their systems more efficient, rightsize the organization, critically examine procurement, manufacturing and maintenance practices to do away with redundant procedures. Appreciating the volume and value of purchases, it is necessary to have a relook at the supply chain system of Railways and use the latest concepts in supply chain management to reduce the wasteful expenditure and give it a lean and mean look. Supply chain Management has become one of the most efficient way to rightsize an organization. Supply chain for products may be reworked in a scientific manner to manage inventory, to exploit backward integration with supplies, to satisfy the needs of end users and to maintain a fine balance between availability and utilization of material. Unnecessary procedures which don't make positive contribution to the system, may be done away with, thereby releasing some manpower who may be redeployed to more productive places. Through this paper we would take a look at the existing supply chain system of Railway through a case study of Diesel Locomotive Works Varanasi, one of the production units of Railways manufacturing nearly 250 Diesel Locomotives every year. DLW follows Bill of Material (BOM) based demand system with annual procurement and periodic replenishment. We would critically analyse the pitfalls in the system and suggest methods to improve the system with minimum changes.

Introduction: Triple Receptor Negative Breast Cancers (TNBCs) are oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) negative and can confer a relatively worse prognosis compared to receptor positive cancers. These patients do not routinely undergo initial staging by computed tomography (CT). The aim of this study was to identify what proportion develops distant metastases over what time period, and to identify if staging CT is useful in directing the treatment pathway for this high-risk group.

The railway system, one of the backbones of transportation systems in many countries, is becoming more and more complex. It plays an increasingly significant role in economic development of the country. Therefore, it becomes necessary to ensure that it operates effectively, efficiently and safely. To achieve that railway industries have to move from old traditional manual work, mechanization and electronic usage to intelligent transportation system (ITS). The transformation of railway transportation to railway intelligent transportation system (RITS) can be a core stratagem to keep and improve the competivity from other modes of transportation. Rapid development of emerging technologies such as communication and computing, intelligent system, technological development of railway industries along with 36,000 kilometers (kms) of laid optical fiber cable make it feasible for Indian Railway (IR) to develop and design RITS. This new generation of railway transportation with higher speed, higher performance and zero tolerance for safety may be able to meet the challenges beyond IR vision 2020. The use of RITS architecture encourages structured development and integration of ITS systems that leads to maximization of benefits by minimizing redundancies and maximizing capabilities. This paper presents a distributed framework for a multi-layered RITS architecture that can be designed for integrating generated information. It also addresses the design issues and challenges in the IR scenario.