Tanaman jagung ketan merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman pangan penting bagi masyarakat Indonesia sebagai sumber karbohidrat. Jagung ketan banyak diminati oleh masyarakat karena rasanya agak manis, lunak dan pulen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi eco-enzyme dari limbah buah-buahan terhadap produksi tanaman jagung ketan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan II, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri atas 5 taraf perlakuan, yaitu: tanpa pemberian eco-enzyme (E0), eco-enzyme 10 mL + 990 mL air (E1), eco-enzyme 20 mL + 980 mL air (E2), eco-enzyme 30 mL + 970 mL air (E3) dan eco-enzyme 40 mL + 960 mL air (E4) yang diulang sebanyak 4 kali sehingga diperoleh 20 unit percobaan. Aplikasi eco-enzyme dilakukan dengan cara menyiramkan di sekitar pangkal batang tanaman jagung. Variabel yang diamati meliputi bobot tongkol dengan kelobot, bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot, panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol, jumlah baris biji, jumlah biji dan produktivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi eco-enzyme berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot tongkol dengan kelobot, bobot tongkol tanpa kelobot, jumlah biji serta produktivitas. Produktivitas tanaman jagung ketan tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan eco-enzyme 20 mL + 980 mL air (E2) sebesar 7,32 ton ha-1.

Pertanian modern menghadapi tantangan serius akibat ketergantungan tinggi pada pupuk anorganik yang berdampak negatif terhadap lingkungan, meningkatkan biaya produksi, dan menurunkan kesuburan tanah. Padahal, sumber daya lokal berupa vegetasi sekunder seperti gulma, limbah pertanian, dan tumbuhan liar di pedesaan masih jarang dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pupuk organik. Melalui kegiatan pengabdian ini dikembangkan teknologi tepat guna untuk mengolah vegetasi sekunder menjadi pupuk bokashi yang ramah lingkungan, murah, serta mudah diterapkan oleh petani. Program dilaksanakan dengan tiga tahapan, yaitu pra-implementasi berupa sosialisasi dan pelatihan teknis, implementasi melalui praktek langsung pembuatan serta aplikasi bokashi, dan pasca-implementasi berupa monitoring serta pembentukan kelompok tani pengolah bokashi. Metode ini disusun adaptif sesuai kondisi sosial ekonomi dan biofisik lokal, dengan menekankan efisiensi input, keberlanjutan ekosistem, dan partisipasi aktif masyarakat. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan peningkatan kapasitas petani dalam memproduksi serta menggunakan bokashi, berkurangnya ketergantungan pada pupuk kimia, dan meningkatnya kesadaran ekologis terhadap pengelolaan tanah berkelanjutan. Selain itu, terbentuk kelompok tani mandiri yang mampu mereplikasi inovasi ke wilayah lain. Program ini sekaligus menjadi media diseminasi penelitian pengelolaan limbah hijau, menjawab lambatnya adopsi teknologi organik, serta memperkuat jaringan kelembagaan lokal. Dengan demikian, pupuk bokashi berbasis vegetasi sekunder merupakan strategi penting dalam mendukung pertanian berkelanjutan dan ketahanan ekonomi rumah tangga petani

Abstract. Rakian TC, Kilowasid LMH, Afa LO, Riskyana A, Nurazizah, Wijayanti Y, Bahrun A, Subair I, Rahni NM, Alam S, Sarawa, Karimuna L. 2023. Soil biological quality in rhizosphere, growth, and yield of upland rice grown on acid soil after amended biochar enriched sap of Kappaphycus alvarezii. Biodiversitas 24: 6780-6792. Biological soil quality is essential in evaluating soil management practices using biochar enriched for upland rice growth on acid soil. Therefore, the study aimed to (i) analyze the effect of biochar-enriched sap of Kappaphycus alvarezii (K-sap) on the abundance of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF), bacteria, and protozoa in rhizosphere soil, growth, and yield of upland rice, and (ii) the relationship between the abundance of soil biota and the growth and yield components, as well as straw N, P, and K content on acid soil. Four upland rice were grown on acid soil incubated with biochar-enriched sap for two weeks in pots. Nine treatments of the biochar-enriched sap were tested, namely control, 5% biochar-0% K-sap, 5% biochar-5% K-sap, 5% biochar -10% K-sap, 5% biochar-15% K-sap, 7.5% biochar-0% K-sap, 7.5% biochar-5% K-sap, 7.5% biochar-10% K-sap, and 7.5% biochar-15% K-sap. Each treatment was three replicates in a randomized block design. The results demonstrated that the AMF spores quantity decreased while flagellates increased in the soil rhizosphere. The P and K content increased, the N:P decreased, and P:K ratio varied in the straw of the upland rice. Plant height and total spikelets increased, while root dry weight and roots to shoots ratio (R:S) decreased with biochar enriched. The abundance of AMF spores and flagellates correlated positively and negatively with R:S. Furthermore, R:S was negatively correlated with plant height and total spikelets. Plant height and total spikelets showed a positive correlation, while root dry weight and R:S was negatively correlated with K content in shoot tissue. The P and K contents with N:P ratio and N:P with P:K were negatively correlated. In conclusion, biochar-enriched K-sap effectively regulated the activity and composition of soil biota in the rhizosphere, influencing upland rice's growth, yield, and nutrient balance uptake on acid soils.

The quality of acidic soil is determined by organic C content produced from rice straw biochar in agriculture. In this context, liquid extract from Kappapychus alvarezii (K-sap) is used as a biochar enrichment agent. Therefore, this research aimed to (i) analyze the character of K-sap enriched rice straw biochar with different volumes, as well as (ii) evaluate the impact on soil water holding capacity, size class distribution, aggregate stability index, respiration rate, and acidic soil chemical characters. The treatment tested was the volume of K-sap kg-1 biochar, namely (i) without biochar, (ii) 0 mL, (iii) 500 mL, (iv) 1,000 mL, and (v) 1,500 mL. Each treatment was repeated three times and placed according to a randomized block design procedure. The area covered by K-sap, pore size, and amorphous degree increased while the pore volume of the biochar surface decreased. The addition of 1,000 mL of K-sap kg-1 biochar released a new peak number associated with the aliphatic and aromatic groups. The K-sap enriched biochar increased the proportion of soil aggregate size of 1-2 mm, water holding capacity, carbon storage, pH, total N, available P and K, exchangeable base cations as well as base saturation. Meanwhile, the concentration of Al3+ and H+ were decreased in the acidic soil solution. The results showed that the performance of rice straw biochar, K-sap volumes, soil chemical quality, water holding capacity, and ability to store carbon of the acidic soil was improved by adding K-sap volume.

AbstrakPadi (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan komoditi utama dalam menyediakan sumber karbohidrat di Indonesia. Produktivitas budidaya tanaman padi selalu terkendala pada ketersediaan air, karena mayoritas padi dibudidayakan pada kondisi lahan basah irigasi, sehingga membutuhkan banyak pasokan air. Kondisi ini membuat budidaya padi hanya dapat dilakukan satu musim tanam per tahun sedangkan kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap beras terus meningkat, untuk itu perlu adanya pengujian tanaman padi gogo lokal yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan musim tanam baik dalam kondisi lingkungan kering maupun lahan basah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon agronomi tanaman padi gogo lokal Sultra dilahan kering dan lahan basah serta adanya sumber genetik baru untuk pengembangan padi yang berproduksi tinggi pada berbagai lingkungan tumbuh. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Lahan Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Halu Oleo. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan perlakuan Rancangan Petak Terpisah. Petakan Utama ialah Lahan Basah dan Lahan Kering. Anakan Petak ialah kultivar padi gogo lokal Sultra. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 ulangan. Hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam, jika F-Hitung menunjukan pengaruh nyata atau sangat nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Duncan pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan nyata antara perlakuan mandiri yang diuji dengan perlakuan lainnya pada variable pengamatan yang diukur dengan kultivar terbaik adalah pae wuna dan Indalibana. Kultivar Pae Wuna dan Indalibana adalah dua kultivar padi gogo lokal Sultra yang memiliki potensi untuk tumbuh baik dalam dua kondisi lahan yang berbeda, sehingga bisa dijadikan sebagai sumber genetik padi yang dapat dikembangkan dalam berbagai lingkungan tumbuh. Kata Kunci: Kultivar, Lahan Kering, Lahan Basah, Padi Gogo

The use of organic matter, which has a long-term impact, increases soil fertility because it contains residue. The research examines how rice straw mulch and organic fertilizer residue affect glutinous corn yield. This study was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture Field Laboratory, Halu Oleo University, from May to August 2022. This Experiment used a randomized block design with a split plot design. The main plot, i.e. residue of rice straw mulch (M): without the residue of rice straw mulch (M0), the residue of rice straw mulch 4 t ha-1 (M1), and 8 t ha-1 (M2). Subplot, i.e. residue of plus organic fertilizer (P): without the residue of plus organic fertilizer (P0), a residue of plus organic fertilizer 2,5 t ha-1 (P1), 5 t ha-1 (P2), and 7,5 t ha-1 (P3). The length of the cob measured without husk, fresh weight of the cob with husk and without husk, dry weight of the cob without husk, number of seeds per cob, seed weight per cob, the weight of 100 seeds, and yield. After conducting an ANOVA analysis of the data, proceed with DMRT at a significant level of 95% if the analysis yields a significant effect (Fhit> Ftab). The research results showed that rice straw mulch plus organic fertilizer residue significantly affected yield components and yield. The residue of rice straw mulch 8 t ha-1 (M2) and deposition of plus organic fertilizer 7,5 t ha-1 (P3) produce the highest glutinous corn yield, i.e. 2,38 t ha-1 and 2,34 t ha-1 or increasing 92% and 75% compared without treatment. For efficiency of costs and realizing sustainable agriculture, it is necessary to utilize residues of organic material in the cultivation of food crops.

Biochar enriched with fertilizers has the potential to improve the quality of acid soils. In the agricultural sector, it was reported that the sap of Kappapychus alvarezii (K-sap) is often used as a biofertilizer. Therefore, this study aimed to (i) examine the character of biochar enriched with the K-sap and (ii) analyze the soil quality after incubation. This study was carried out using two treatment factors arranged in a randomized block design, namely the biochar dose at 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% in weight and K-sap at concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. Ten kilograms of acid soil were incubated with K-sap enriched biochar for up to 2 weeks in each experimental pot. The results showed that the absorption band increased with the K-sap concentration for the functional group associated with the OH-stretching of the biochar enriched with K-sap was stronger and wider than the unenriched. The peak elevation pattern detected by X-ray diffraction for all biochars was similar. The dosage of 7.5% biochar enriched with 5%-10% K-sap concentrations increased pH, EC, organic C, total N, C:N ratio, available P, and exchangeable K, Ca, Mg, and Si than those without treatment. Furthermore, ammonium and total spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi decreased, flagellates increased with and without the biochar, while the nitrate, total bacteria, and fungi of all treatments were similar. Based on these results, it was concluded that biochar enriched with K-sap could improve the quality of acid soil.

This study aimed to determine the effect of rice straw mulch and plus organic fertilizer residue on the growth of glutinous corn. This study was conducted from May to July, 2022 at the Field Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi. This study used a randomized block design with split-plot design treatments. Main plots were residue of rice straw mulch (M): without residue of rice straw mulch (M0), 4 t ha-1 residue of rice straw mulch (M1), and 8 t ha-1 residue of rice straw mulch (M2). Main subplots were residue of plus organic fertilizer (P): without residue of plus organic fertilizer (P0), 2.5 t ha-1 residue of plus organic fertilizer (P1), 5 t ha-1 residue of plus organic fertilizer (P2), and 7.5 t ha-1 residue of plus organic fertilizer (P3). Each experimental unit was repeated three times. Measured variables were plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, , plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, and flowering age. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, if the analysis result was significant (Fhit> Ftab), then analyzed further using DMRT on α=0.05. The research results showed a single effect in 8 t ha-1 residue of rice straw mulch (M2) or 7.5 t ha-1 residue of plus organic fertilizer (P3) by producing the highest growth of glutinous corn

The low yield of soybeans is caused by drought, soft organic matter, and space for irregular plant growth. This study examines how plant spacing, and straw mulch dosage affect soybean yield. The research was conducted from August to December 2021 at the Field Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, UHO. The research tools used in this study were tractors, hoes, ruler meters, ovens, analytical scales, and other supporting equipment. The materials consisted of soybean of the Anjasmoro variety, straw mulch, and other supporting materials. The study used a split-plot design arranged in a randomized block design. The main plot is the spacing (J) which consists of 2 levels, namely 20 cm x 20 cm (J1) and 20 cm x 30 cm (J2). Subplots were the dose of straw mulch (M) which consisted of three levels, namely without straw mulch (M0), 4 tons ha-1(M1), and 8 tons ha-1 (M2). The observed variables included the total number of pods per plant, weight of 100 seeds (g), seed weight per plant (g), harvest index (IP), and yield (tons). ANOVA analyzed data, and statistically different were tested by DMRT (α=0.05) using SAS 9.2. The interaction of plant spacing and straw mulch an increasing: the total number of pods, the weight of 100 grains, grain weight, harvest index, and yield. Plant spacing of 20 cm x 30 cm and the straw mulch of 8 t ha-1 (J2M2) obtained a product of 2.18 t ha-1 (an increase of 44.4%) compared to a spacing of 20 cm x 20 cm and without straw mulch (J1M0).

The present study aimed to analyze the effect of plant population and fertilization based on efficiency and nutrient adequacy balanced between organic and inorganic on the growth and yield of local upland rice Wakawondu cultivar. The treatment design was split-plot in a randomized block design with three replications. The main plot was the number of seeds per planting hole (A) consisting of three levels, namely one seed (A1), two seeds (A2), and three seeds per planting hole (A3). Subplots were organic and inorganic fertilization (B) which consists of four levels, namely without fertilization (B0), 100% bokashi from Cromolaena odorata or 10 tons ha-1 (B1), giving 100 % inorganic fertilizer or Urea 200 kg ha-1, SP-36 100 kg ha-1, KCl 100 kg ha-1 (B2), and a combination of 50% bokashi fertilizer or 5 tons ha-1, and 50% inorganic fertilizer or Urea 100 kg ha-1, SP-36 50 kg ha-1, KCl 50 kg ha-1 (B3). Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, productive and maximum of tillers, harvesting age, flag leaf area, length of panicle, total number of grains, percentage of open grain, grain weight of 1000 grains, dry grain weight, and yield were the variables observed. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and further DMRT α= 0.05. The results showed that three seeds per planting hole were the best treatment to increase the number of productive tillers, namely 7.8 tillers with a production of 1.52 tons ha-1 or an increase in productivity by 5% compared to one seed per planting hole. A balanced fertilization combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers is the best treatment that can increase the number of productive tillers, namely 7.1 tillers with a production of 1.8 tons ha-1 or an increase in productivity of 16% compared to without fertilization.

Biochar has the capacity to influence soil fertility, mycorrhizal arbuscular fungi (AMF), and upland rice growth. Therefore, this study aimed to assess biochar addition on soil character and investigate the effect on AMF, growth, yield, and nutrient uptake of upland rice local. Four levels biochar rate (%, w/w) of 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% was tested in a pot experiment. The results showed that pH, C-org, tot-N, and C and N-ratio increased linearly, while P-available quadratic, and K-exchange increased exponentially with biochar rate. At 60 and 90 days after planting, the height of a plant containing 7.5% biochar was significantly high. The roots and shoots ratio showed the highest and lowest values at 0% and 7.5% biochar rates. Furthermore, the filled spikelet percentage at a 5.0% was the most significant among the others. The biochar rate increased the straw P and K uptake, but N was insignificant and N and P ratio was decreased. Total AMF spores were reduced with biochar addition, and the difference in the proportion of infected roots was not statistically significant. There was a positive correlation between total spikelet per panicle with P and K uptake and a negative correlation with N and P ratio and total AMF spore. The filled spikelet negatively correlated with K uptake, and biochar addition to soil fertility increased. The 5% addition had a better effect on yield component and nutrient uptake of P and K by the local upland rice on acidic soil.

This study aims to identify and describe the types of cassava in Tomia Timur District, Wakatobi Regency. The research was carried out in Tomia Timur Subdistrict, Wakatobi Regency, in December 2021 January 2022. This research is a survey research that is analyzed descriptively by statistics that is describing, describing, and describing the object being studied. The variables observed were stem color, branched and unbranched, stem height, stem diameter, distance between stem segments, leaf color, petiole color, leaf lobe length, tuber shape, wet tuber weight per tree, outer skin color of tuber, color inner skin of tubers, tuber flesh color, benefits of cassava plants, cultivation techniques, and soil conditions. The results showed that there were 10 types of cassava in Tomia Timur District, Wakatobi Regency, namely Kalambe cassava, Kalambe Fanse cassava, Ndoke cassava, Bogoro cassava, Bogoro Mohoro cassava, Makuri cassava, Andapatua cassava, Salbia cassava, cassava English wood, and Andabula cassava.

Soybean is a food commodity with economic value that has many benefits. Soybean production can be increased by improving soil fertility through the application of mulch and organic fertilizers. The purpose of the research is to determine the effect of straw mulch and organic plus fertilizer dosage on yield soybean. The research design used was a Split Plot which was arranged in a Randomized Block Design. The main plot was straw mulch consisting of three levels, i.e. without straw mulch (M0), 4 tons/ha (M1) and 8 tons/ha (M2); and Sub-plots were plus organic fertilizer consisting of four levels, namely without plus organic fertilizer (P0); 2.5 tons/ha (P1); 5 tons/ha, (P2); and 7.5 tons/ha (P3). Measured variable is the number of productive branches, weight of seeds per plant, weight of 100 seeds, and yield. The analysis of data using ANOVA, if the analysis results are significant then continue with DMRT test on α=0.05. The results showed that the treatment of straw mulch 8 tons/ha and plus organic fertilizer 7.5 tons/ha resulted in the highest yield i.e 2.24 tons/ha or improve the yield 190.91% compared without straw mulch and plus organic fertilizer.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh bahan amelioran yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman cabai rawit. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 4 perlakuan bahan amelioran yaitu tanpa bahan amelioran (B0), biochar kulit buah durian 4 t ha-1(B1), biochar sekam padi 4 t ha-1 (B2), pupuk kandang sapi 4 t ha-1 (B3). Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi biochar dan pupuk kandang sapi sebagai amelioran mampu meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun total, indeks luas daun, jumlah buah, berat buah, dan produktivitas tanaman cabai rawit. Peningkatan produktivitas tanaman cabe rawit dengan aplikasi pupuk kandang sapi, biochar kulit buah durian dan biochar sekam padi dosis 4 t ha-1 yaitu berturut-turut masing-masing sebesar 83%, 70%, dan 64 % dibandingkan dengan tanpa perlakuan.

The research aims to determine the interaction effect of the dose of straw mulch and organic plus fertilizer on the growth of soybean (Glycine max L.) on marginal dry land. This research was conducted from August to December 2021 at the research area of the Agriculture Faculty, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi. The research design used was a Split Plot arranged in a Randomized Block Design. The main plot was straw mulch (M) consisting of three levels, i.e., without straw mulch (M0), 4 tons ha-1 (M1), and 8 tons ha-1(M2); and Sub-plots were plus organic fertilizer (P) consisting of four levels, namely without plus organic fertilizer (P0); 2.5 tons ha-1(P1); 5 tons ha-1, (P2); and 7.5 tons ha-1 (P3). The measured variable is plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, dry weight of root, dry weight of shoot, and . The analysis of data using ANOVA, if The result of significant (Fhit> Ftab) continues with the DMRT test on α=0.05. The results showed that the treatment of Straw mulch 8 tons ha-1 and organic fertilizer 7.5 tons ha-1 resulted in the highest soybean growth.

Rendahnya produktivitas padi gogo lokal masih menjadi tantangan. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengetahui efektivitas rizobakteri KNW11 dan pemupukan terhadap produktivitas padi gogo lokal Wakawondu. Penelitian ini berlangsung mulai Agustus 2020-Januari 2021 di lahan percobaan Fakultas Pertanian UHO Kendari. Rancangan perlakuan yaitu petak terpisah dalam RAK. Perlakuan Rizobakteri (S) sebagai petak utama, terdapat 2 taraf yaitu tanpa Rizobakteri (R0) dan isolat KNW11 (R1). Pupuk (P) sebagai anak petak, terdapat 4 taraf yaitu tanpa pemberian pupuk (P0); 100% bokashi kirinyuh atau 10 ton per hektar (P1); 100% urea, SP-36, KCl atau 200 kg urea, 100 kg SP-36 dan 100 kg KCl per hektar (P2); dan Kombinasi 50% bokashi kirinyuh, urea, SP-36, KCl atau 5 ton bokashi kirinyuh, 100 kg urea, 50 kg SP-36 dan 50 kg KCl per hektar (P3). Setiap unit percobaan diulang 3 kali. Perlakuan rizobakteri dan pupuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi gogo lokal Wakawondu. Interaksi rizobakteri KNW11 dan pupuk anorganik meningkatkan jumlah anakan sebesar 49.5% dibandingkan kontrol. Perlakuan rizobakteri KNW11 menghasilkan bobot gabah per hektar 1.95 ton atau meningkat 15.4% dibandingkan kontrol. Perlakuan 50% pupuk organik dan 50% pupuk anorganik menghasilkan gabah per hektar tertinggi yaitu 2.38 ton atau meningkat sebesar 59.2% dibandingkan kontrol.

Seaweed extract is known to contain nutrients and growth-regulating substances that affect soil biota, and a source of protection against pests and diseases. Earthworm, which is an example of a soil biota and playing the role of ecosystem engineer, has the ability to produce suitable land biostructures, for the inhabitation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which has an impact on upland rice growth. Therefore, this study aims to determine, (i) the effect of seaweed extract on the population of earthworms and spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and (ii) the impact of the engineered soil on the growth of local upland rice varieties. Furthermore, the extract of seaweed, such as Kappapychus alvarezii , was divided into five concentration levels, namely 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. Each treatment was drenched into the soil from the cogongrass vegetated area, mixed with 20 Pheretima sp., and maintained for 49 days in the greenhouse. The result showed that the total difference in the earthworms’ concentration treatments was not significant. It also showed that the total AMF spores in the engineered soil products of 20% concentration was the highest. Based on treatment with the earthworm engineered soil products, the highest and lowest vegetative growth and yield components of upland rice were observed at the concentrations of 80% and 0%, respectively. In conclusion, the application of seaweed extract to the soil did not significantly reduce the earthworm population. The extract concentration of 20% also increased the total AMF spore in the engineered soil. Moreover, highly treated engineered soil products increased the growth and yield components of upland Kambowa rice on cogongrass soils.

Earthworms play an important role in mixing soil particles with biochar grains, as well as creating biostructures, and the application of seaweed extract to soil affects the microbes within, as well as plant growth. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the effect of mixing soil, teak leaf biochar, as well as seaweed extract on the arbuscularmycorrhizal fungal (AMF) spores within the biostructures formed, and analyze the effect of applying these biostructures to planting media soil on the growth and yield of local upland rice. Before the experiment, extract stock from Sargassum sp. was diluted with water into five separate concentration levels, 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. Subsequently, 20 individual earthworms were released on the soil surface previously mixed with biochar and seaweed extract in a reactor. The planting media used in this study was soil from the cogongrass area with grain sizes below 4 mm, and about 10% (w/w) of the biostructures formed were added to the media in a polybag, then the mixture was transplanted with upland rice seedlings of local variety Sorawolia.According to the results, the treatment containing had the highest total AMF spores. Furthermore, the addition of biostructures significantly affected plant height, leaf number as well as area, and the number of tillers at 42, 42 to 70, and 70 days after application, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest plant dry weight and panicle length were obtained from the treatments containing 80% and 60% extract stock, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the spikelet number and percentage of filled spikelets between the biostructures. Therefore, the application of both teak leaf biochar and extract of Sargassum sp. was concluded to be able to improve the performance of earthworms (Pheretima sp.) in creating soil biostructures containing AMF spores, for local upland rice development in conditions of poor soil fertility. However, future studies are required to investigate this application’s potential as a source of inoculum for AMF spores or other beneficial microbes, for application at the smallholder farm level.

This study aimed to analyze the determinants of farmers’ learning patterns in developing organic lowland rice. This research is a survey research with the research location in Lambandia District, East Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The was chosen because some farmers have applied organic lowland rice cultivation technology. The research period was for three months, from July to September 2021. The number of samples was 62 farmers by the census. Research variables were farmers’ characteristics, access to information media, support of supporting factors, and farmer learning patterns. collecting data with structured interviews using a questionnaire. Data analysis used descriptive analysis and SEM-PLS analysis. The results showed that the farmer’s learning pattern was through imitation of innovation with the support of the availability of creation and assistance. Farmer characteristics, supporting factors, and farmer access to information affect farmer learning patterns.

Pekarangan rumah merupakan area yang dekat dengan bangunan rumah. Pekarangan rumah dapat memiliki manfaat apabila dapat dikelola dengan baik. Apabila pertanian pekarangan dapat dioptimalkan fungsinya, akan berkontribusi nyata terhadap kecukupan dan ketahanan pangan masyarakat sekaligus dapat meningkatkan tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat. Target dari program ini juga adalah terbangunya demplot tanaman sayuran di pekarangan sempit berbasis media tanam konvensional dan vertikultur melibatkan ibu rumah tangga/ibu PKK Kelurahan Kambu Kecamatan Kambu Kota Kendari. Ibu rumah tangga diharapkan mampu menghasilkan sayuran yang sehat dan higienis dari halaman rumah sendiri, untuk memenuhi kebutuhan akan pangan sehat baik masa pandemi COVID-19 maupun new normal. Vertikultur merupakan teknik budidaya tanam yang cocok diterapkan di pekarangan rumah. Keunggulan vertikultur yaitu lebih hemat lahan, air, dan pupuk. Melalui program ini telah mengedukasi warga cara pemanfaatan pekarangan untuk budidaya sayuran organik. Pemerintah Kelurahan Kambu mengapresiasi program pengabdian optimalisasi fungsi lahan pekarangan dengan budidaya tanaman sayuran (kangkung, sawi, bayam, pare dan kacang panjang) sebagai sumber vitamin dan imun keluarga dengan mewujudkan demplot di lahan pekarangan.