Comparative analysis of infrared (IR) spectra of blood serum of healthy donors and patients with multiple myeloma (MM) was performed. MM is characterized by hyperproduction of the paraprotein, which manifests itself in a change in the spectral pattern of mid-IR absorption spectra. It has been shown that the most significant deviations in the spectra were observed for samples of MM near the Amide I and Amide II´ bands. As a result of a comparative analysis of the IR spectra of blood serum in the region of 1700-1350 cm-1, nine parameters were established, the average values of which in the samples obtained from patients with a secretory form of MM differ significantly from similar indicators for the serum of healthy donors.

Features of charge transfer and dielectric relaxation processes in blood serum samples of patients with oncohematological diseases and healthy donors were investigated by dielectric spectroscopy method. The observed features of the dielectric spectra for donors and patients, namely the decrease in conductivity in the high frequency region, the correlation between the degree indicator s and the total protein content, as well as changes in the spectrum of relaxation complexes indicate a change in the quantitative ratios of blood components in the presence of disease. This system rearrangement is the result of the fact that conformation of proteins (albumins and immunoglobulins) for patients is change.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a serious disease that is difficult to diagnose especially at early stage. Infrared spectroscopy is a promising approach for diagnosing MM. The principal component analysis (PCA) allows us to reduce the dimension of the data and keep only the important variables. In this study, we apply principal components analysis to infrared (IR) spectra of blood serum from healthy donors and multiple myeloma patients. As a result of the analysis by PCA, it was possible to visualize the separation of patient’s and donor’s samples into two clusters. The result indicates that this method is potentially applicable for diagnosis of multiple myeloma.

One of the promising approaches for diagnosing oncohematological diseases is infrared spectroscopy of blood serum. In this work secondary structure of blood serum proteins of patients with multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and healthy donors was studied using IR spectroscopy. As a result of the study, it was found that the secondary structure of blood serum proteins in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia does not change in comparison with healthy donors. In contrast, patients with multiple myeloma have significant differences in the secondary structure composition of serum proteins compared to healthy donors. We conclude, that IR spectroscopy makes it possible to distinguish serum of healthy donors and patients with multiple myeloma, leading to the potential applicability of this approach to the diagnosis of multiple myeloma.

A comparative analysis of the secondary structure of blood serum proteins was carried out in patients with multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and in healthy donors. The secondary structure of proteins in serum was determined using an infrared spectroscopy method. It was demonstrated that the proposed approach allows one to register a decrease in the portion of α-helical regions and an increase in the number of β-sheets in the blood serum samples of patients with multiple myeloma compared with healthy donors and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

In this work we designed, synthesized and characterized luminescent metal nanoclusters (NCs) on human serum albumin (HSA) and immunoglobulins (Ig). We demonstrate that the approach developed allows one to determine the relative content of albumins and immunoglobulins in biologically relevant protein mixtures based on the luminescent properties of the NCs. Fast and inexpensive approach which allows to determine concentrations of immunoglobulins (Ig) and serum albumin (HSA) in blood serum might be useful in clinical diagnostics.

E. V. Chikhirzhina1, A. D. Garifullin2, A. Yu. Kuvshinov2, L. V. Plotnikova3, A. M. Polyanichko1,3, E. A. Telnaya3, S. V. Voloshin2,4,5 1 Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4, Tikhoretsky pr., St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation 2 Russian Scientific Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology, 16, 2-ya Sovetskaya ul., St. Petersburg, 191024, Russian Federation 3 St. Petersburg State University, 7–9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation 4 North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov, 41, Kirochnaya ul., St. Petersburg, 191015, Russian Federation 5 S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, 6, ul. Akademika Lebedeva, St. Petersburg, 194044, Russian Federation

A comparative analysis was performed of the secondary structure of serum proteins in patients with multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients and healthy donors. Determination of serum protein secondary structure was accomplished by the application of IR spectroscopy. It has been shown that the proposed approach allows to detect a decrease in the length of α-helical regions and an increase in the content of β-sheets in the serum of patients with multiple myeloma compared to healthy donors and chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients.

Infrared spectroscopy of biomolecules is one of the few methods, which combine a relatively simple measurements and a possibility of highly informative structural analysis. The most high-demand field of such investigations is the identification of various pathologies accompanied by changes in the biomolecular structure. In this study the comparative analysis of the secondary structure of blood serum proteins from patients with multiple myeloma and healthy donors was performed using infrared spectroscopy. There is a tendency for reduce the proportion of a-helices in the secondary structure of blood serum proteins in patients with multiple myeloma compared to healthy donors. Thus, infrared spectroscopy reveals difference in the secondary structure of blood serum proteins in patients with multiple myeloma and healthy donors.

A combination of high-resolution agarose gel protein electrophoresis, refractometric analysis, and infrared spectroscopy was applied to investigate the blood serum in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Analysis of the FTIR spectra of the serum obtained from MM patients and healthy donors revealed a decreased amount of α-helixes and increased content of β-sheets in serum proteins from MM patients compared to healthy donors. These findings suggest an interaction between serum proteins and stabilization of the resulting complexes, accompanied by the formation of associated β-sheets.

The aim of the work was to study the application of diffuse reflection electron spectroscopy (DRES) method for obtaining the optical surface characteristics of slices and chopped muscle tissue, muscle fibre and sarcoplasmic protein extracts of wild (wild boar, elk, deer, freshwater and marine fish) and domestic (pork, beef, lamb) animal tissue depending on the following processing conditions: freezing, water extraction, lyophilisation and enzyme-microbial exposure. Electronic spectra of transverse sections of whole-piece material, ground muscle tissue, muscle fibre and aqueous extracts were recorded using a Specord M-200 spectrophotometer (AIZ Engineering GmbH, Germany) having a vertical pathway relative to the Spectralon standard in the wavelength range of 200-700 nm. During testing of biological tissues of animal origin in solid and liquid state, the high sensitivity, resolution and analytical features of the express DRES method was shown to allow the acquisition of factual information concerning changes in the spectral characteristics of their main components under experimental conditions. Regardless of the species and type of animal organism, proteins, mucopolysaccharides, lipids, pigment protein and various oxidised forms demonstrate absorption bands in four clearly differentiated regions of the electromagnetic spectrum: 200-300, 400-425, 300-380, 540-580 and 635 nm, respectively. A comparative study of the pork and beef muscle tissue demonstrated significant differences in the nature of changes in the spectral characteristics of the main components and components of muscle tissue and muscle fibre, depending on the degree of oxidation, mechanical destruction, strength of myofibrils and pigment protein myoglobin associated with them.

Исследование растительных масел и их купажей методами инфракрасной спектроскопии отражения и рефрактометрииД-р хим.наук А.П.

The serum of patients with multiple myeloma was examined by refractometric methods before and after the course of antitumor therapy. It was found that the amount of protein in the serum of patients with multiple myeloma, determined by the value of the serum refractive index, tended to decrease after the course of treatment. The value of the refractive index of blood serum can be used as an additional criterion for assessing the dynamics of changes in blood-serum properties during antitumor therapy.

Оптические свойства липидов животного происхожденияД-р хим.наук А.П.Нечипоренко 1 ,

Subject of Research. Application of refractometric analysis in multiple myeloma diagnostics is proposed for the first time. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease of the hematopoietic system characterized by active monoclonal protein synthesis being detected in blood serum and/or in urine. Method. The essence of method consists in measuring of the sample refractive index. The value of refractive index depends on physicochemical characteristics of the optical mediums. Differences between refractive index of patients with multiple myeloma and donor blood serum connected with typical protein and electrolyte imbalance were researched. Main Results. Refractometric analysis data have shown strong correlations between protein concentrations in serum of patients with multiple myeloma and serumrefractive index. Refractive index of serum of patients with multiple myeloma firstly depends on protein concentration rather than on an electrolyte imbalance. The main tendency for patients with multiple myeloma is a higher level of both protein and electrolytes concentration in serum, in contrast to healthy people. Practical Relevance. According to the obtained data, refractometric analysis is considered as one of the suitable methodsfor express-diagnostics of diseases, in particular, multiple myeloma.

A comparative study of the effect of successive aqueous, salt and alkaline extractions on the spectral characteristics of the surface of ground pork muscle tissue and its main components was per-formed using attenuated total reflectance IR spectroscopy (ATR - IR) and electron spectroscopy of diffuse reflectance (ESDR). It is shown that, unlike IR spectroscopy, which is a method of group analysis of functional groups, the ESDR method makes it possible to test the component composition of complex biomaterials - proteins, lipids, carbohydrates. The high resolution, sensitivity and informativity of the method are determined by the discrete-ness of electron excitation energies of oxygen lone pairs present in carbonyl groups. These carbonyl groups are found in almost all materials of biologic tissue components, although belonging to their different types - sarcoplasm, muscle fibre as well as stroma and its proteins.

Samples of sodium polyacrylate obtained by varying the degree of acrylic acid (AA) neutralisation and a cross-linking agent were studied by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR). The degree of AA neutralisation (up to 50% and higher), predetermining the presence of two structurally different hydrogel systems, is manifested through the extreme nature of the change in the optical properties and swelling curves of the samples. The amount of binder affects the degree of swelling and the density of the shape of the swollen polymer.