Climate comfort is a significant factor in analyzing the effects of climate change on tourism, and considerable research has used multidimensional climate indices to evaluate climate comfort. In particular, the index of clothing (ICL) is recognized as one of the most popular climate indices and has been widely applied in many studies. While few studies focused on the calculation method of the index of clothing model’s surface solar radiation (Ract), the computed value was greater than that observed at ground stations. Thus, this study tried to improve solar radiation energy calculation on the Earth’s surface in the index of clothing model with the method recommended by the International Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and then validated the new model based on the meteorological data of 31 provincial capitals in mainland China during 1980–2019. Results showed that: 1) The value of Ract calculated by the International Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) method was close to the site observations (Pbais < 15%), and was suggested to be used in enhancing the estimate approach for Ract in the index of clothing; 2) Different from the original index of clothing, ICL-new is significantly more effective in evaluating climate comfort in middle and low latitude regions; 3) Climate change had a considerable influence on the climate comfort of cities in mainland China. Since 1980, the climate comfort of cities in eastern China had increased in spring, while that of cities in western China had declined, and most cities had a decreasing trend in summer. Finally, our findings revealed that ICL-new can realistically and precisely depicts the actual scenario than the original index of clothing, and it is more suitable to provide scientific impact assessment and tourism management for government agencies and destination management.

Rural revitalization,as the general focus of the “three rural” work in the new era,its ultimate goal is to realize the overall modernization of China’s rural social economy.As a product of social and economic development,rural tourism helps to play the multifunctional value of agriculture and is an important way to realize the rural revitalization strategy.Through an empirical survey of 736 valid samples from three cities in Shanxi province,this paper explores residents’ intention for rural tourism under the background of rural revitalization,focusing on the differences of residents’ intention for rural tourism with different demographic characteristics.The results show there is a variable relationship between demographic characteristics and residents’ intention to rural tourism,mainly reflected in the impact of residents with different region,different family structures,different education levels and different family monthly income on rural tourism intention.The results are of great significance for the development and planning of rural tourism destinations,rural tourism product design and rural tourism marketing with urban residents as the main target market in the context of rural revitalization.

The retail industries are essential in driving urban economic growth and is an integral part of the urban commercial network. Based on the data of retail outlets POI（Point of Interest）,we examined the spatial pattern of retail outlets in Fuzhou downtown area using locational entropy, nearest neighbor index, and kernel density estimation. The results show that:（1）Theretail industry has presented a “core-periphery” structure, consisting of three high-density core areas in the Taijiang and Gulou Districts, one agglomeration area running from Taijiang to Jin’an Districts, and two “islands” in Cangshan District and Hangcheng Street of Changle District.（2）In Fuzhou downtown area, the internal retail outlets follow a “northwest-southeast” pattern, with a significant difference in circle concentration.Spatially, the core areas such as Gulou district and Taijiang district constitute four circles of agglomeration, and various retail industries have the same level of agglomeration in the 3-4 circles, but the outer layer is obviously different.（3）Various retail industries are generally located in the southeast of Gulou District-Taijiang District-the western edge of Jinan District as the core concentration area. The hotspots varies depending on their attributes.The supermarket retailing（5212） and convenience store retailing（5213）have a large number of retail outlets with comprehensive spatial coverage. Automobile, motorcycle, spare parts and fuel, and other power sales（526） have the fewest number of outlets and cluster in the city’s suburbs.（4）Fuzhou is a typical estuarine basin city, with topography and rivers influencing its urban sprawl and retail distribution, leading to the formation of a ‘core-periphery’ distribution pattern. The spatial distribution pattern of retail in the central city of Fuzhou is generally consistent with the low population density, in line with the central place theory. Retail tends to cluster in areas with a dense transport network and is mainly located along roads, showing a high degree of spatial relationship.

鸟类资源及其自然教育研究受到地理学、生物学、旅游学等学科领域学者的关注.我国已有多个高校开展校园鸟类群落结构、鸟类栖息地保护等研究,但针对校园观鸟研学活动的研究仍较少.本文以自然教育为导向,基于福建师范大学鸟类资源调查,分析福建师范大学鸟类资源空间分布特征,开展观鸟研学活动设计研究.研究发现,福建师范大学校园常见鸟类有10种,隶属5目8科,鸟类资源主要分布在溪源江沿岸的草地、灌丛.研究基于自然教育、人地协调观、综合思维、地理实践力4个目标维度,以初中生为研学对象,设计福建师范大学"一日观鸟"研学活动.

家庭休闲是家庭生活的重要组成部分.积极的家庭休闲有助于提升个人和家庭幸福感,增强家庭凝聚力和适应性,促进社区和国家的社会经济稳定.家庭休闲研究已成为国外休闲学研究的重要领域之一.自2001年以后,家庭休闲模型应运而生,模型为检验、组织和解释家庭休闲行为提供框架,对指导家庭休闲实证研究具有重要理论价值.文章基于Web of Science核心合集检索数据库(1900—2021年)中有关家庭休闲研究文献,采用CiteSpace可视化软件和内容分析法,重点阐述家庭休闲内涵和三大类共10个家庭休闲模型的基本内容,总结国外家庭休闲模型研究的主要特征,提出在理论与方法引领下模型建构的启示以及积极探索中国本土化家庭休闲研究的建议.期待对推动国内家庭休闲本土化与国际化的融合与发展研究具有一定借鉴意义.

通过构建三坊七巷传统文化基因的分类体系,设计居民的文化认同和文化适应量表,基于574份福州居民问卷调查,采用主成分分析和聚类分析等方法,实证分析福州居民对三坊七巷传统文化基因的文化认同和文化适应特征及群体差异.研究结果显示:(1)三坊七巷传承的传统文化基因类型丰富,拥有2个大类、18个亚类和66个基本类型;(2)福州居民对三坊七巷传统文化基因的文化认同和文化适应普遍较高,不存在不认同和不适应;但存在"非常认同-整合"型、"比较认同-同化"型和"一般认同-分离"型等三类居民,其文化认同和文化适应表现一些共性和局部差异性特征;(3)三坊七巷存在建筑实体要素保护好,但一些蕴含文化意义表征的文化传承尚有欠缺,居民对于一些表征文化意义并不完全理解,说明实体保护与文化意义传承仍有一定的分离;(4)居民到三坊七巷具身实践的文化意义普遍较低,居民的认知、情感与其具身的真实实践也存在一些不一致的状态.提出表征文化和非表征文化应共同保护,才有利于三坊七巷实体景观保护与文化意义持续有效的传承.

建成环境与身体活动的关系备受地理学者关注.休闲体育活动是一种融合体育运动和游憩的休闲性身体活动.大型体育场馆作为城市重要的休闲体育建成环境,关注其对居民休闲体育行为影响研究尚不足.基于三个城市大型体育场馆的居民休闲体育行为调查,本文探讨大型体育场馆对居民休闲体育行为时空规律及其影响因素.研究发现:①距离场馆越远,休闲体育者到访越少;因交通网覆盖度及交通可达性提升,局部呈现多中心集聚衰减特征.②10km以内距离集中90％以上休闲体育者,30 min以内时间最可接受.③家庭结构、场馆活动频率和满意度对到访时空规律影响不显著;年龄、月收人和文化程度等对3km以内影响较大;随距离增加,休闲体育偏好和机动化出行方式等影响显著.

针对新疆旅游商品发展瓶颈的思考,采用数理统计、区位熵、空间自相关等方法探究新疆县域共1041件旅游商品的空间分布及其影响因素.结果表明:(1)新疆旅游商品类型结构差异显著,农林畜产品与传统工艺品最为丰富,其他类型数量较少;(2)新疆县域旅游商品丰度整体呈现"北丰南少"的空间格局,以北疆乌鲁木齐与昌吉市为核心的"极化效应"明显,县域旅游商品分布具有显著的空间自相关性且表现为"北热南冷"的格局,但各类旅游商品的县域集中度整体偏低且地域分异显著;(3)各类旅游商品空间分布的主导影响因素不同,农林畜产品、水产品及制品受自然地理环境影响显著,传统工艺品、日用工业品、农林畜产品与区域经济水平、人口文化基础、旅游资源丰度显著相关.该研究明晰了新疆旅游商品资源禀赋及其地域差异,为深入实施"文化润疆"工程和"旅游兴疆"战略,推动新疆旅游业高质量发展及旅游商品差异化开发提供科学参考.

提升旅游目的地的竞争力,突出目的地差异化优势,打造富有个性的旅游目的地品牌并包装推广,已成为各旅游目的地扩大市场占比的重要手段之一,旅游目的地品牌打造已成为各地旅游发展的重要引擎.旅游目的地品牌是一种关系,其不仅表现为品牌和旅游者在形象、需求、价值和功能属性方面的匹配程度,还体现在品牌与供应商、品牌与媒体、品牌与政府机构、品牌与品牌等关系程度,并且伴随着旅游目的地成长.以Fournier在1998年建立的品牌关系质量(Brand relationship quality)六维度模型及相关理论为基础,根据旅游目的地品牌的综合性和特殊性,基于品牌与政府机构、品牌与消费者等供给-感知侧的综合关系视角,以及"清新福建"品牌的网络大数据,采用扎根理论和ROST文本分析方法,验证及完善旅游目的地品牌关系质量评价体系,并比较分析2014—2016年福建省10个地市政府传递"清新福建"与游客体验"清新福建"的品牌关系质量的影响因素、地区差异及发展类型,研究结果可为旅游目的地品牌可持续经营及管理提供一定理论依据和决策支持.

以“Web of Science核心合集”中1980-2018年共计931篇文献为样本,借助CiteSpace信息可视化软件及内容分析法,对国外休闲动机研究文献进行全面分析.研究结果表明,国外休闲动机研究分为起步探索(1980-2002年)和快速发展(2003-2018年)两个阶段;早期学者侧重休闲动机概念、理论、分类、量表等研究探索,21世纪以来,理论与实证、定量与定性分析相结合研究日益增多,研究内容更为丰富,主要包括不同群体休闲动机类型、行为特征及影响因素;休闲动机与休闲活动意向;休闲动机与休闲制约、休闲制约协商及休闲参与;休闲动机与休闲涉入;休闲动机与休闲满意度等影响关系及影响机制等;注重人文情怀,研究群体广泛,研究对象从青少年、大学生、高中生、旅游者、男性、职业女性、公园志愿者、自由露营者、远足者等普通群体转向老年人、家庭妇女、残障人士、儿童、疾病患者等社会弱势群体和特殊人群;休闲动机的跨文化研究成果也日渐增多.国外休闲动机研究成果对构建我国休闲动机研究理论及实践应用具有参考和借鉴价值.

发展群众体育,倡导全民健身已成为推进"健康中国"国家战略的重要内容.自20世纪90年代以来,随着中国社会经济快速发展以及城市居民健康意识增强,城市健身休闲空间建设日益增多,健身休闲体验研究受到学者普遍关注.在梳理国内外相关研究基础上,以城市居民满意度体验为视角,试图构建城市居民健身休闲满意度评价体系,并以3个城市(南京、福州、厦门)2901份居民健身休闲满意度调查为研究样本,采用主成分分析法、模糊综合评价法,探讨城市居民健身休闲满意度评价体系、实证分析满意度情况.研究结果显示:(1)城市居民健身休闲满意度评价体系由6个一级指标("服务质量""身心健康""教育认知""人际交往""环境审美""个人价值")和40个二级指标组成;(2)从3个城市居民健身休闲满意度总体评价值来看,福州市满意度评价值为3.974,介于一般与比较满意水平之间;厦门市满意度评价值为3.991,接近比较满意水平;南京市满意度评价值为4.032,处于比较满意水平之上,是3个城市中满意度评价值最高的.具体从一级指标来看,3个城市在"服务质量""环境审美""教育认知"3个指标差异较大,满意度评价值介于一般和比较满意水平之间,按照评价值得高低依次为南京、厦门、福州."服务质量""环境审美""教育认知"对3个城市居民健身休闲满意度评价值的高低具有较大的影响.

国外休闲制约协商研究兴起于20世纪90年代,是休闲制约研究的前沿领域.论文以“Web of Science核心合集”数据库中1985-2018年共计136篇文献为样本数据,借助CiteSpaceⅢ信息可视化软件的计量分析方法对英文文献进行全面回顾及展望.结果 发现:国外休闲制约协商研究大致可分为萌芽(1993-1999年)、探索(2000-2010年)和快速发展(2011年至今)3个阶段,早期以概念性、描述性研究为主,自21世纪起,以实证研究为主,且研究内容已从简单的描述性分类发展到多变量的检验性模型构建与验证;关注休闲制约协商研究的学者和机构主要来自北美等经济发达的国家和地区;研究方法以数理统计、模型构建与验证居多,注重定性与定量相结合;涉及的研究对象广泛,已从大众休闲者扩展到特殊疾病患者、残障人士、穆斯林妇女等社会特殊群体,且主要关注体育健身休闲、户外游憩和深度休闲等多种休闲活动类型.目前,非西方文化背景下休闲制约协商的跨文化研究是西方休闲研究的热点话题.国外休闲制约协商的研究成果及综合研究思路对中国休闲制约协商研究及实践探讨具有借鉴价值.

基于旅游者感知意象的视角,选取国内知名旅游网站的2010-2015年的网络文本数据,运用内容分析法,探讨福州三坊七巷历史文化街区旅游开发的商业意象感知特征及其年际变化.研究结果发现:三坊七巷的旅游商业意象知名度感知类型丰富,意象感知情感类型以积极情绪为主;旅游商品意象以小吃居多;旅游商铺的感知意象较少,空间集聚显著.针对旅游者感知意象的问题,提出相关的建议,为三坊七巷的旅游商业发展和优化提供参考依据.

我国旅游业发展正进入全域旅游时代,全域旅游的文献数量增长迅速.文章基于CNKI数据库中803篇文献,借助CiteSpaceⅢ软件对国内全域旅游相关文献进行计量分析,并以可视化的方式呈现国内全域旅游的研究现状,结果表明:我国全域旅游的发展已进入国家示范推进阶段,学术研究可分为起步阶段、成长阶段和爆发三个阶段,研究前沿由旅游发展规划演化为产业转型升级、新型城镇化、供给侧改革、旅游扶贫及乡村旅游等;研究机构主要是各高校的旅游学院和期刊编辑部,且形成以奚晓阳、厉建新等高频作者为核心的团队;研究热点包括旅游发展规划和旅游发展效应两个方面.文章最后针对全域旅游研究现状对国内全域旅游研究做出评价,以期为今后的研究提供参考.

文章以中国知网(CNKI)中535篇体育旅游研究文献为原始数据,采用CiteSpace可视化软件,绘制出相应的科学知识图谱,梳理了国内体育旅游研究的发展演变状况.研究结果表明:国内已形成了以于素梅和周珂等人为核心的体育旅游研究团队;《中国商论》 和《体育文化导刊》 等是我国体育旅游研究的高载文期刊;河南师范大学和河南大学等是体育旅游研究的主要机构;体育经济、 体育旅游资源和民族体育旅游等是体育旅游研究的主要内容;不同阶段研究的侧重点和前沿热点有所不同;国内体育旅游研究可分为萌芽起步、 初步发展、快速发展、 平稳发展四个阶段.

社会网络分析(SNA)自20世纪80年代被引入中国以来,不断地被应用于不同学科的研究领域,并取得较多研究成果.以1985—2016年CNKI数据库的2227篇国内期刊文献为分析样本,结合Excel统计和CiteSpaceⅢ可视化分析,对研究文献的年度分布、 期刊分布、 学科分布等外部特征及研究力量、 研究热点、 研究发展阶段进行全面回顾.最后,基于学科发展、研究主题及方法应用角度,对中国社会网络分析应用研究提出展望,以期为后续研究提供借鉴.

人类争取真正意义上的休闲过程其实也是克服各种休闲制约的过程.体育健身休闲日益成为我国城市居民主要休闲活动之一.发展群众体育,倡导全民健身也成为推进"健康中国"国家战略的重要内容.研究城市居民体育健身休闲制约因素及其对休闲参与的影响程度,不仅有助于了解城市居民体育健身休闲参与的制约特征,且对优化城市体育健身休闲空间的人本化建设及管理决策提供一定的指导意义.文章基于929份福州居民健身休闲制约因素与休闲参与的调查问卷,采用主成分分析和结构方程模型,实证探讨福州市居民体育健身休闲制约因素与休闲参与的影响关系.研究结果表明:个人制约、服务管理、人际制约、环境状况和休闲机会是影响城市居民体育健身休闲参与的五大重要因素.其中,个人制约因素对休闲参与的直接影响程度最大,其次是服务管理和人际制约因素,环境状况因素直接影响程度最小,而休闲机会因素则间接影响居民体育健身休闲参与.此外,城市居民体育健身休闲参与还受到五大制约因素之间不同程度的交互影响,从而表现出复杂性效应的特征.

This paper attempts to establish classification standard of urban historic conservation areas' commercial activities based on the National Economical Industry Classification (GB/T4754-2002) and related research,and taking Zhongshan Road,Quanzhou as an example to explore its commercial development types,commercial space distribution and industry combination characteristics.The results show that:there are many stores in Zhongshan Road,and the type of commercial activities in this street is rich;In terms of large space,its commercial activities is dispersive,but relatively concentrated;the combination of different type of commercial activities is not ideal,has a high degree of homogeneity.The research suggestions can provide reference for the optimization and development of Zhongshan Road,Quanzhou.

It tries to establish the classification of historical and cultural block tourism commercial types,that based on the reference of the economic industrial classification,retailing classification,national tourism and related industries statistical classification as well as relevant empirical studies,and setting a case by Nanhou Street that locates in Three Lanes and Seven Alleys.The paper analyzes the process of tourism commercial development,and then explores the types and spatial distributions features of the tourism commercial types.The consequence of this study reveals as follows:the main tourism commercial types in Nanhou Street are retailing and catering.The first three scales of types are respectively retailing,culture,arts and catering.There are 19 traditional shops,accounting for 15.2％ of the total numbers.The spatial distribution is relatively centralized but many of them scatter around different parts of this region.The most reasonable combinational types scatter from Yangqiao Road to Langguan Alley,while the extremely irrational distribution is mainly between Anmin Alley and Gong Alley.Based on the above results,it puts forward the corresponding suggestions,and provides a scientific basis for the optimization and exploration of tourism commercial types in Nanhou Street.

Since the 21st century,the red tourism research has formed an evolving knowledge field.This paper is based on the ac-ademic literature regarding academic red tourism in the two databases of CNKI’s China Academic Literature Network Publishing Database—China Academic Journals Network Publishing Database,Dissertations Full-text Database,trying to adopt CiteSpace software to draw the appropriate knowledge maps,explore the development history and evolution trend of Red Tourism.The re-sults showed that:(1 )The domestic red tourism research field has formed with Huang Xijia,Lv Ligang,Fang Shimin,Yan Youbing and so on as the core research groups;(2)The journals of Market Modernization,China Business,Special Zone Economy and Anhui Agricultural Sciences are the high contents of red tourism research;(3)Jinggang Mountains,red tourism scenic spots, revolutionary sites,revolutionary commemorations,etc are the main research carriers of red tourism;(4 )The development process of domestic red tourism research can be divided into four stages:initial,rapid development,prosperity and in-depth,and the research focus has experienced from the development of red tourism resources,countermeasures of sustainable development to the regional competition of red tourism to the change of red cultural heritage and the connotation.