为了解豫南地区天然草地的特点和利用现状,对豫南草地开展样方和样地调查.结果表明:豫南山区草地面积为8.64×104 hm2,占全省草地面积的16.54％,共有3类25个型,其中,热性灌草丛面积最大,占66.01％,低地草甸和暖性灌草丛次之,分别占18.14％和15.85％;豫南天然草地平均草层高度41.17 cm,平均盖度89.15％,平均产草量为3.96×103 kg/hm2,草地载畜量为2.06×105羊单位.综上,豫南天然草地利用率低,大部分属于未利用或者轻度利用.

为准确掌握豫西地区天然草地的面积、产草量、载畜量及主要生产力状况,以2018年河南省天然草地资源调查数据为依据,采用遥感影像和野外实地调查方法,对天然草地的类型、分布、植被种类及主要生产力进行了研究.结果表明,豫西地区共有3个草地类及16个草地型,天然草地面积为16.13万hm2,占全省天然草地的30.89％,是河南省天然草地的主要分布地.

2000多年来的实践和研究证明,紫花苜蓿营养丰富,适口性好,是草食动物乃至单胃动物的重要饲料来源,而且利用年限长,再生性强,对畜牧业、农业乃至军事的发展作用重大.唐代韩鄂在《四时纂要》中指出,苜蓿“紫花时,大益马”.清朝《农业著实》中强调,种苜蓿饲牛马最好,清朝《豳风广义》中记载:多种苜蓿,广畜四牡,可多得粪肥,以为肥田之本.西北广为流传的民间歌谣“良骑要数大宛马,关中劲驴胜过它,秦川早胜牛中将,功归紫花苜蓿草”,充分盛赞紫花苜蓿的饲用价值.

A complete randomized block design was used in the experiment.The nutritional value of alfalfa,and correlation analysis were studied in this research.Several results were obtained from the experiment.As cutting times of alfalfa increased,the plant height decreased,plant height of the top four alfalfa varieties was Sandili,Derby,Golden queen,Sitle,and plant height of which was more than 60 cm.The 14 alfalfa varieties could survive safely the winter.Sitle has the highest dry matter yield(up to 16.14 t/hm2),next comes Golden queen,Sandili,Empress,ACAah.The change of the same element varied with the rice variety,leaf-stem ratio of Affinity was the highest among the fourteen alfalfa varieties(up to 54.69%),the following is Multiking,Derby,Golden queen,Millennium,and the leaf-stem ratio of the first five varieties was above 50%;crude protein content of Multiking was the highest(up to 20.21%),the following is Affinity,Millennium,ACAah,Derby.Dry matter yield had significant positive correlation with plant height(P<0.05),leaf stem ratio had extremely significant positive correlation with crude protein content and extremely significant negative correlation with crude fiber(P<0.01),so in breeding and introducing new alfalfa varieties,dry matter yield and nutritional value could be predicted in the field by plant height and leaf stem ratio,and we also could predict yield and nutri?tional value by measuring plant height and leaf stem ratio in the field.

To study the production performance and nutritional value of alfalfay,a complete randomized block design was used in this experiment.The results showed that Sitle has the highest dry matter yield up to 16.14 t/hm2 and next comes Golden queen,Sandili,Derby and ACAah,which showed the dry matter yields up to 15.52 t/hm2,15.06 t/hm2,13.99 t/hm2 and 12.54t/hm2,respectively.As cutting times of alfalfa increased,the dry matter yields decreased and significant differences were onserved among five cutting times.The first cutting had the highest yield and the dry matter yield of first three cutting times make up 82.01% of the total yield.Plant height of the top four alfalfa varieties was Sandili,Derby,Golden queen and Sitle,which were more than 60cm.Affinity shows the highest leaf-stem ratio among the fourteen alfalfa varieties,and the following is Multiking,Derby,Golden queen and Millennium.The leaf-stem ratio of the first five varieties was all above 50%.The crude protein content of Multiking was highest.The yield of crude protein of Golden queen was the highest of 2.93 t/hm2 and the following is Derby,Sandili,Sitle and ACAah.

The study on production performance of 15 introduced alfalfa varieties with fall dormancy(FD) classes ranging from classes 2 to 9 was conducted by measuring the fresh matter yield,plant height,leaf to stem ratio and nutrient content in Zhengzhou in order to evaluate their agronomical traits.The results indicated that 1) the fresh forage yields of varieties from class 3 to class 5 were higher than those from class 6 to class 8,and as for,the fresh matter yield of different cuttings ranked from first to fifth while 5 cuttings were made in one year;2) in consideration of yield and quality,the most suitable alfalfa varieties grown in Zhengzhou were Alfaking(FD3),WL-324 and Archer(FD5).

众所周知,紫花苜蓿(Medicagosativa L.)是我国和世界上栽培面积最大、最重要的豆科牧草,具有产量高、品质好、营养丰富、适口性强、耐盐碱、固氮改土、适应性强等优点,素有"牧草之王"之称.目前,苜蓿产业发展迅速,栽培面积与日俱增,在中国乃至整个世界的农牧业发展和生态环境建设中,发挥着越来越重要的作用.全球苜蓿种植面积约3500万公顷,目前我国苜蓿种植面积已达200多万公顷,在全世界居第五位,苜蓿已成为我国重要的饲料作物.集约化、产业化和商品化的苜蓿生产,也期待获得优质高产的苜蓿草品.

A experiment with complete randomized block design was carried out to compare the productive performance,the plant height and nutrient quality of several alfalfa cultivars alfalfa in this research.This study indicated that the dry matter yield of alfalfa plants increased from the first year to the third year.Based on the mean yield of three growing season,Liangmu400 performed well when compared to other cultivars,and Liangmu400 had the priority for industrializing production of alfalfa.Two higher yields of alfalfa plants have been harvested at the first cutting and the last cutting and yield was the lowest in July.The change of plant height was similar with that of yield.Changes of yield and plant height during growing season suggested that rational management of alfalfa pasture during spring and autumn is critical to higher yield.This study also showed that plant height had positive relationship with dry mater yield(P0.05),and that ratio of leaf to stem had positive correlation with crude protein content but negative correlation with crude fiber(P0.01),and these implying that yield and crude protein of alfalfa plants would be assessed by measuring plant height and ratio of leaf to stem in the field,respectively.