新型冠状病毒肺炎(Novel coronavirus pneumonia,简称NCP、新冠肺炎),是指2019年新型冠状病毒感染导致的肺炎,因2019年武汉病毒性肺炎病例而被发现,是以前从未在人体中发现的冠状病毒新毒株,已知可引起感冒以及中东呼吸综合征(MERS)和严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)等较严重疾病;2020年2月11日,世界卫生组织总干事谭德塞在瑞士日内瓦宣布,将新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎命名为“COVID-19”.新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情发生后,疫情传播迅速,给人民生命安全造成巨大威胁和损失,为避免疫情对国家和人民造成更大损失,从中央到地方、从城市到农村、从工业到农业拉响了一场与时间赛跑的疫情阻击战,各项政策措施密集出台,为打赢新型冠状病毒阻击战打下了坚实基础,也给畜牧业发展和保障“菜篮子”供应带来了新的挑战.

稳定生猪生产事关“菜篮子”有效供给,事关农民增收,事关经济社会大局稳定,是当前的一项重大政治任务.党中央、国务院和省委、省政府高度重视稳定生猪生产、保障市场供应工作,围绕生猪稳产保供出台了一系列政策措施.为了解各地生猪稳产保供政策贯彻落实情况,河南省农业农村厅协同省恢复生猪生产协调办公室有关成员单位,分4个调研组,于2020年1月9日-18日,通过听取汇报、座谈交流、实地查看等方式,对各地生猪稳产保供政策贯彻落实情况进行了调研.现将有关情况报告如下.

近年来,畜牧业加快发展,综合生产能力显著提升,畜产品产量稳步增加,为丰富菜篮子,保障畜产品有效供给做出了重要贡献.但随着畜产品产量的不断增长,也产生了大量的畜禽粪污,由于规模养殖配套设施装备条件跟不上,散养密集区缺乏有效处理机制,畜禽粪污难以及时有效处理,导致畜禽养殖污染和资源化利用问题越来越突出,成为生态文明建设和实现乡村振兴必须攻克的一道难关.如何治理畜禽粪污污染,实现资源化利用,成为各级党和政府工作的重点.

畜禽粪污用则利、弃则害.它既能够通过堆积发酵等工艺加工成农作物必需的有机肥料;又能够产生沼气、生物天然气等清洁、可再生能源,造福社会;但也会因处理不善,造成臭气熏天,污水横流,影响环境.当前,党中央、国务院对畜禽粪污治理高度重视,围绕畜牧大县实施了畜禽粪污资源化利用整县推进、有机肥替代化肥等一系列项目,政策措施史无前例,并取得了显著成效.围绕畜禽粪污资源化利用,第三方专业治理企业如雨后春笋,快速成长.如何充分发挥第三方治理企业优势,规避第三方治理企业风险,不断提升畜禽粪污资源化利用水平,全面解决畜禽粪污污染问题,是畜牧工作者必须思考和关注的问题.

近年来,河南省紧紧围绕加快实施全国生猪遗传改良计划,持续开展全省场内现场测定、测定站集中测定、统—遗传评估、种猪展示拍卖等工作,建设完善了由畜牧技术推广部门、技术支撑机构(大专院校、科研院所)、第三方检测机构(种猪测定中心、遗传评估中心)、种猪场、种公猪站等共同构成的种猪联合育种体系,全省种猪选育技术水平和种猪质量得到大幅提高,成效明显.但也存在遗传评估体系不完善、遗传评估数据利用不高、遗传交流不充分等不足,为此,河南省畜牧总站、河南省种猪遗传评估中心组织编写了2013-2017年河南省种猪遗传改良进展报告,详细总结分析了过去5年河南省种猪遗传改良进展、存在问题和改良规划,以期进一步推进全省种猪遗传改良工作,加快生猪产业转型升级.

“他山之石,可以攻玉”.为加快河南省优质草畜发展步伐,推进畜牧业供给侧结构性改革,提升发展质量效益,根据省政府安排,在前期省内调研的基础上,河南省畜牧局联合河南农业大学、省农科院、南阳科尔沁、濮阳汇源等有关行业领导、专家、教授和企业经理等一行组成调研组,于2018年5月前往四川省围绕牛羊产业发展进行实地考察、座谈交流,现场调研重点调研了养牛户(贫困户)、养牛专业村、牛羊规模养殖场和肉牛屠宰加工企业等,通过分析思考,结合河南省实际,提出了产业发展意见建议.

河南是农业大省,也是畜牧业大省.近年来,在省委、省政府的正确领导下,全省畜牧产业取得了显著的成绩,综合生产能力稳步提高、规模化养殖快速发展、产业化经营水平明显提升、动物疫病防控成效明显.同时也面临着诸多挑战,资源环境等制约因素日益突出、转变发展方式任务依然繁重、畜牧业安全发展形势依然严峻,政策扶持体系尚未形成.因此,今后几年的工作重点应当是,调整产业结构大力发展草食牲畜、扎实推进集群建设促进产业融合、发展生态畜牧业提高可持续发展能力、完善质量安全治理体系提高畜产品安全水平、强化科技驱动提高畜牧业技术水平、发挥畜牧业行业特点大力推进产业精准扶贫.

In order to explore the effects of the seeding rate and alfalfa varieties on the branch number and plant height,we carried out a field experiment comprising a split plot design with 3 seeding rates (15.0,22.5,30.0kg/ha) as the main plots and 8 alfalfa varieties with different fall dormant classes as subplots in 2012-2014(Concept,WL-319HQ,Adrenalin,WL-343HQ,WL-363HQ,Icon,WL-525HQ,WL-903HQ).The results indicated:1) Seeding rate had no significant effects on the primary and secondary branch number in alfalfa,and the primary and secondary branch number differences among varieties also were not significant.With increase in stand age,the primary and secondary branch number of all varieties increased (planted in 2012 ＞ 2013 ＞ 2014).2) Average branch number of different varieties did not differ significantly between 2012 and 2013,but in both cases was higher than that of 2014-sown plants.3) Seeding rate and stand age did influence plant height.With increase in seeding rate from 15.0 to 30.0 kg/ha,plant heights of most varieties were gradually decreased,but branch number was unchanged.Plant height was greater for 2013-sown plants,than for those sown in 2012 and in 2014.

经过三十多年的改革开放,我省畜牧业已发展成为丰富市场供给、增加农村就业、促进农民增收、推动农村经济发展的重要支柱产业.2011年,河南畜牧业产值达2 198.4亿元,居全国第一位,占全国畜牧业总产值的8.53％,占全省GDP2.2万亿元的8.2％.河南农民人均牧业现金收入达1 227元,对农民家庭经营收入的贡献率达28.76％.

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dried alfalfa hay on ruminal fermen-tation parameters and amino acid contents in duodenal chyme of Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred sheep. Five Dorper×thin-tailed Han crossbred sheep(F1 generation)with ruminal and duodenal fistulas were used in a 5× 5 Latin square design. Five levels of dried alfalfa hay were designed,and its percentage in roughage was 0 (control group),10%(test group Ⅰ),20%( test group Ⅱ),30%( test group Ⅲ)and 40%( test groupⅣ),respectively. There were five test periods,each of them consisted of a 7-day pre-test period and a 10-day test period. The results showed as follows:1)the percentage of dried alfalfa hay in roughage had no significant effects on rumen fluid pH and ammonia nitrogen content(P>0.05). 2)The content of urinary nitrogen in ru-men fluid of different groups showed a similar tendency,except that test group Ⅰ was significantly higher than the other groups(P<0.05),and the differences between test groups as well as between test groups and control group were not significant( P>0.05). 3)With the increase of dried alfalfa hay percentage in roughage,the fermentation style in rumen was converted from propionic acid into acetic acid. 4)The contents of valine,me-thionine and leucine in duodenal chyme of test group Ⅰ and Ⅳ were significantly higher than those of control group(P<0.05),while the differences between those of test groups were not significant(P>0.05);the iso-leucine content of test group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that of test group Ⅲ(P<0.05),but had no sig-nificant difference with that of the other test groups and control group( P>0.05). The above results indicate that dried alfalfa hay can improve ruminal fermentation,increase nitrogen utilization and the contents of some amino acids in duodenum;under conditions in the present study,the optimal percentage of dried alfalfa hay in roughage is 10%.

按照农业部畜牧业司《关于开展奶牛养殖家庭牧场调研的通知》(农奶业便函[2013]147号)要求,近日我省组织各省辖市和省直管试点县(市)对全省奶牛养殖家庭牧场情况进行了摸底调研.同时,省局奶业办先后赴郑州、洛阳、开封、新乡等地13个奶牛养殖场(区),和奶牛养殖业主、市、县奶业主管部门的业务骨干进行了面对面座谈讨论,详细了解我省不同规模、不同养殖模式、不同经营管理方式的养殖场区发展状况.

经过三十多年的改革开放,河南省畜牧业已发展成为丰富市场供给、增加农村就业、促进农民增收、推动农村经济发展的重要支柱产业.201 1年,河南畜牧业产值达2 198.4亿元,居全国第一位,占全国畜牧业总产值的8.53％,占全省GDP2.2万亿元的8.2％.河南农民人均牧业现金收入达1 227元,对农民家庭经营收入的贡献率达28.76％.肉蛋奶总产量位居全国前列,2011年全省禽蛋产量390.5万吨,占全国总量的13.89％,居全国第二位;肉类产量641.7万吨,占全国总量的8.43％,居全国第三位;奶类产量321.1万吨,占全国总量的8.43％,居全国第四位.展望未来,《国务院关于支持河南加快建设中原经济区的指导意见》提出大力发展畜牧业生产,建设全国重要的畜产品生产和加工基地,对畜牧产业在保障优质畜产品供给和发展农村经济中的重要地位给予了更高的期盼.要实现这一目标,基础是要把畜牧产业做大做强,关键是要把支撑畜牧产业相关联的各类企业做大做强.河南省畜牧企业经济规模普遍偏小、份量轻、带动力不足、产业链上下游企业之间以及同类企业横向之间关联松散、各自为政、同构性高、融合度低、知名品牌少、无序竞争现象严重、产业竞争力弱、创新力不强,这些问题已成为制约未来畜牧业实现跨越式发展的主要瓶颈.相对于通过企业兼并或重组等办法实现企业优势互补、扩展发展空间、增强企业竞争力而言,产业联盟具有风险小、成本低、程序简单、操作灵活之优势.因此,构建和发展河南省畜牧产业联盟对推动畜牧产业发展现实意义重大.

河南省是畜牧大省,目前正处于向畜牧强省跨越的关键时期,畜牧业科学发展亟待解决的问题很多,而现代生物技术研究进展很快,研究范围亦非常广泛,发展畜牧业生物技术对河南省畜牧业乃至全省经济的快速、健康发展都具有举足轻重的影响.因此,在河南省畜牧业发展机遇与挑战并存的今天,亟需总结经验、理清思路,研究与预测未来河南省畜牧业生物技术的优先领域,需要突破的关键技术和前沿课题,为广大畜牧科技工作者进行科学研究提供参考,为河南省畜牧业发展提供新的途径和科技支撑.

为保证全省千万吨奶业跨越工程顺利实施．推动奶产业全面发展。河南省畜牧局奶业办公室经过多渠道信息收集，了解到天津市奶业发展综合水平处于全国先进行列，有经验可取，有技术可学。近日．省畜牧局局长李孟顺、副局长杨文明亲自带队．组织省畜牧局主管奶业的领导、省奶业技术体系专家、郑州、洛阳两市畜牧局、省花花牛公司、中荷奶牛养殖示范场等负责同志．赴天津考察学习。考察组一行以“带着问题去．学好经验回”的态度，每到一处，认真听取经验介绍，深入现场察看实情．虚心请教关键技术，仔细琢磨管理发展机制。通过考察学习，对天津市奶业发展特点，对我省奶业发展如何突破．有了更深刻的认识和启示．现总结概述如下。

High temperature induces a series of responses in physiology and morphology. In order to study this changes, 22 alfalfa （Medicago sativa） varieties were used to measure the contents of relative water content, soluble protein, relative electrical conductivity, and the activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase under different natural temperature in the summer. A randomized complete block design was conducted with three replicates. Using the method of cluster analysis, the heat resistance of these varieties were preliminarily evaluated. The results showed that, 1） the four indicators except the relative electrical conductivity, increased as the temperature progressed from 25 May to 21 June, and then dropped as the temperature dropped. However, the relative electrical conductivity increased by 3.36 times gradually; 2） in this study, 22 alfalfa varieties were divided into three types by hierarchical clustering, which are strong heat-resistance type, weak heat-resistance varieties and intermediate type, respectively. The varieties of heat-resistant type included Sitel, followed Derby, Phabulous, Empress 2000, 8925MF, Gold Empress and WL-414, while the intermediate heat-resistant varieties were Sardi 7, Alfasuper, Powerplant, WL- 525HQ, Algonquin, Hunter River, Alfking, AmeriGraze401 and Siriver. The other varieties were weak heat-resistant varieties; 3） there was very significant negatively correlation （P〈0.01） between FD class and relative water content. There were significant negatively correlations （P〈0.05） between FD class and soluble protein content, and FD class and POD activity. The relationships between FD class and the conductivity or FD class and SOD activity were not significant （P〉0.05）. The correlation coefficient were 0. 138 and -0. 405. There were significant correlations among different indicators （P〈0.01）.

根据生鲜乳生产和运输特点．河南省畜牧局依法加强生鲜乳收购、运输许可管理强化监管．所有生鲜乳收购站、运输车辆全部纳人监管。建立了专项监测、飞行抽检、异地抽检、隐患排查等监管制度．建立了定期巡查制度和不定期检查制度。全省生鲜乳收购站、运输车辆持证率实现了100％。生鲜乳收购站的基础设施、卫生条件、机械设备、检测手段和人员素质明显改善．机械化挤奶率达到97％以上．奶站标准化建设和规范化管理迈上新台阶。

河南省是全国第一肉牛养殖大省,比较优势明显,市场需求潜力巨大,有广阔发展前景,但也存在繁育母牛不足,规模化养殖程度低,加工发展相对滞后,整体产业基础不牢,不能满足市场需求等问题.而加快肉牛产业发展,对于促进我省畜牧业快速发展、推动农业和农村经济结构战略性调整、加快社会主义新农村建设进程、增加农民收入具有重要的战略意义.如何发展肉牛产业,成为当前畜牧业发展的一个焦点.

河南省地处中原,明显的过渡性地理气候孕育了河南省丰富的物种资源,据统计,河南省有野生牧草151科624属1405种.近年来,河南省在牧草引种方面也做了大量的工作,但在本地种质资源的保护和利用方面开展工作较少,对河南省牧草种质资源状况进行总结,旨在为下一步保护、利用和评价牧草种质资源提供一定的依据.

In order to isolate the high-temperature stress-induced ESTs from alfalfa,we took the alfalfa variety'ABI 700'as material whose fall dormancy level was 6,and taking the cDNA from alfalfa tender stems and leaves under 45℃ as tester,while taking their cDNA under 22℃(normal growth) as driver.The forward suppression subtractive library of alfalfa under high temperature stress was constructed by using suppression subtractive hybridization.Choosing 120 positive clones stochastically from the subtractive library to take bacterial PCR,it displayed the recombination rate of library clones was 97.8%.The size of inserted fragment was mainly between 300-750 bp.This research of the alfalfa differential expression has laid a theoretical basis for the cloning of heat-resistance gene and the gene expression under high temperature.

河南省是典型的以粮食种植为主的农业大省.人口多、土地面积不足是其基本省情,草业发展尽管受到了诸多因素的影响,但仍然在艰难中取得了长足发展.