在《国家综合立体交通网规划纲要》明确提出"推动干线铁路、城际铁路、市域(郊)铁路融合建设,并做好与城市轨道交通衔接协调,构建运营管理和服务'一张网,,实现设施互联、票制互通、安检互认、信息共享、支付兼容"以来,我国智能高速铁路、智慧地铁建设取得显著成效.城际铁路作为连接干线铁路和城市轨道交通的通道,积极开展其智能化总体设计,对于推动轨道交通四网高质量融合具有极其重要的意义.系统分析城际铁路智能化总体需求,阐述智能城际铁路的发展目标及内涵定义,采用体系工程设计方法,提出智能城际铁路的业务应用架构、数据架构和技术架构.该研究可为城际铁路智能化建设提供顶层设计建议.

Based on the laboratory tests on excavation stress paths and field test data, some problems in the design of the supporting structures of foundation pits are analyzed. The idea is proposed that the consolidation state of the foundation soil should be recovered and the stress paths corresponding to the active and passive areas of foundation soils should also be considered. It is found that the capability of soil resistance to shear failure in active and shallow passive areas is greater than the calculated results using the conventional CU strength index, and it is beneficial to engineering safety. However, the capability of the soils in the deep passive zone to resist shear failure is less than the calculated results using the conventional CU strength index. For the projects requiring a large degree of resistance capability of the passive foundation soils, the embedment depth of the supporting structures needs to be checked to ensure that the passive resistance is less than the limit passive earth pressure. The 'strong impact zone’ of excavations in the passive zone is proposed, and the method for calculating its depth is developed. The value of secant modulus of soils under the corresponding stress paths is employed as the horizontal reaction coefficient of the foundation soils, and the formula for calculating the reaction force of distributed soils acting on the supporting structures and the horizontal displacement of the supporting structures is deduced. It can reflect the characteristics of load deformation of foundation soils under the action of the excavation stress path, and the calculated results are closer to those of engineering reality. This study has a good guiding significance for the design of foundation pits mainly dominated by deformation control.

通过大比尺室内模型试验,对时间效应影响下地基土的压密作用进行了分析研究.试验中在天然地基上对刚性基础模型进行持载3 d～49 d的载荷试验,并在加载过程中对基础板下以及基础板外不同深度处的土层位移进行测试,得到土体压密效应主要作用在持载一周的时间内.试验完成后对基础板下,基础板外取土样进行土工试验,得出土体压密后的土的物理力学性质的变化规律.

介绍了一种在改性沥青配料系统中的新型投料方式,即液下加料系统.该系统应用后,可使粉料更快的与液料分散混合,缩短了搅拌反应时间;能够有效减少在常规投料中粉料粘在罐壁或桨叶上的情况,降低原材料的浪费,减少潜在的安全隐患;能够降低环保烟气管道中粉料的吸入量,减少烟气管道的排渣清理次数,延长烟气管道的使用寿命,减少对空气环境的污染排放,降低废气处理的成本.

介绍了一种新的处理改性沥青防水卷材生产过程中沥青改性带入的杂质的方法,即在卷材生产线中引入自清洁过滤器.重点介绍了该过滤器的工作原理、设计要点和应用效果.指出自清洁过滤器能够提高卷材成品的表观质量,降低卷材生产线的维修费用,保障卷材生产过程的连续性.

介绍了激光衍射测角仪的测量方法,与传统的光学编码测角仪、光学分度测角仪、光栅测角仪等相比,具有分辨率和精度更高等优点,特别是分辨率比同分度盘直径的传统测角仪(光栅测角仪)提高20倍以上.激光衍射的应用将对提高测角水平和伺服控制技术有重要的意义.

偏光应力仪广泛用于玻璃、塑料等透明材质的内部应力测量.该仪器的校准长期以来一直难以实施,本文介绍了基于光强法的光学相位延迟的量值复现原理、装置,并介绍了光学相位延迟量值的传递过程及其相关问题.

The variation regularities of the bearing capacity of the foundation soil with time for existing buildings are systematically studied through the large scale indoor model tests.The experimental model loading tests are constructed which have different sustained load time including three days,seven days,fourteen days,twenty-eight days,thirty-five days and forty-nine days.The three percent,five percent and ten percent which is the additional settlement after sustained load accounts for the percentage of the total settlement before loading are chosen for the allowed deformation index,the values of the bearing capacity of foundation soil under the allowed deformation index are gained through the test data,the compaction effect of the soil is basically completed and the bearing capacity of foundation soil is improved to a larger extent after the model has seven sustained load days.The appropriate allowed deformation index can be chosen to confirm the bearing capacity of foundation soil with the full scale loading plate test according to the corresponding relation between the engineering allowed settlement deformation and the settlement deformation from loading plate tests in practical projects.The hyperbolic-fit method is used to get the changing values between the increasing percentage of the bearing capacity of foundation soil and the time,and the improved limit values of the bearing capacity of foundation soil are put forward under different allowed deformation index.

The foundation bearing capacity of existing buildings should be determined through load test,the allowable subsoil deformation is the control standard.The settlement of load test is different from that of practical foundation because of size effect and space effect of loading plate.The proportional relation between load test settlement and practical foundation settlement combined with instance is analyzed through large scale indoor model test.The seven days sustained load test is done on the soil of same nature near the buildings when determining the foundation soil bearing capacity of existing buildings in practical engineering,the settlement of seven days sustained load test and the settlement of instance analysis are compared and analyzed.The practical foundation settlement can be changed into load test settlement through certain proportion relationship combined with evaluation of buildings' allowable deformation before story-adding reconstruction on the existing buildings and allowable subsoil deformation ruled by the code,then the appropriate allow deformation index can be chosen to determine the foundation soil bearing capacity of existing buildings through the range of load test allowable deformation.

<正>一、概述中国计量科学研究院光学所研究建立了深紫外光谱透射比测量装置,其光谱范围覆盖(115~300)nm,可以与常用的紫外可见近红外光谱透射比测量装置的紫外光谱区域相衔接,并向真空紫外区域拓展。其测量结果的相对扩展不确定度为Urel=3.0%。相对于传统的可

通过分析仪器光谱通带宽度对于带通型滤光器峰值透射比测量结果的影响及其产生的原因,并利用在各种仪器光谱带宽设置条件下的模拟,得出带通型滤光器的测量方法和测量仪器带宽设置的建议.

以光谱透射比测量为例,用计算数学的途径分析由实验中信号波动引入测量结果的不确定度,并用实验的方法加以验证.这种分析思路和方法建立在对实验数据进行建模和计算处理的基础上,比靠经验给出此类不确定度分量的做法,具有量化的准确性和普遍的适用性.

在材料的光学性能研究领域,双向反射分布函数(BRDF)已经是一个被广泛认可的综合指标,在航天遥感、地理信息、海洋开发、自然灾害监测、气候研究、军工信息等领域得到广泛的应用.随着数字化和信息化的发展,BRDF的研究也开始了数学建模和数字仿真.

近年来,红外光源、红外纤维、红外冷热光镜、红外隐身材料等各类红外产品层出不穷.红外材料在医疗、光纤通信、军事等众多领域得到了越来越广泛的应用.作为红外材料的两个极其重要的基本参量--反射比和透射比的精确测量就显得十分重要.因此,研究材料的中远红外反射比和透射比的测量方法很有实际意义.

叙述了中国科学技术大学国家同步辐射实验室800 MeV电子储存环同步辐射的特性及作为光谱辐射亮度基准的原理和方法,精确计算出同步辐射光源光谱功率空间分布,并在计量学上将同步辐射“经典”理论与标定氘灯光谱辐射亮度结合起来,对“同步辐射作为标准源进行光谱辐射功率计量”进行深入的研究。介绍了国家同步辐射实验室计量光束线站的装置,该装置利用同步辐射波长范围宽、亮度高、辐射特性可精确计算等特点,可用于标定传递标准氘灯的光谱辐射亮度（115~350 nm）,并进行了不确定度分析。并与德国技术物理研究院（PTB）标定的氘灯光谱辐射亮度进行比较,两者符合。

本文介绍了世界上利用同步辐射建立辐射计量标准的现状,对利用同步辐射建立真空紫外--软X射线波段的光源标准和探测器标准的原理方法进行了论述,并介绍了我们在这方面的工作和取得的阶段性成果.

一、机械结构 二维光辐射扫描台机械结构示意图如图1所示.OA、AB均为可以转动的机械臂,OC为移动扫描台的竖直支撑臂,起着支撑OA和AB及步进电机的作用.O点是整个移动扫描台的扫描原点和中心轴,A为次转动轴,B位置安装光电探测器.

本文介绍了依照国际最新的CCD成像系统评价方法建立的CCD成像系统性能检测装置及其性能.简要介绍了校准图象的摄取和评价方法,以及评价的指标.分析了该装置的测量结果不确定度.

针对CCD校准器控制系统的技术要求,设计了基于ADI公司的微处理控制芯片ADuC812为核心构成的测量控制系统.为CCD校准器辐射源提供稳定的电压、电流输出以及对辐射源的照度值进行实时监控,实现CCD校准器光辐射源所要求的稳定性输出.

采用双球法复现O/d几何条件的光谱漫反射比时,从理论上讲,仅与辅助积分球开口与内壁面积,以及积分球与平板样品的相对光电读数有关,但是实际上,双球法的计算公式在推导过程中隐含了诸多假设和约束条件.当实际测量条件与理想状态有偏离时,必须对这种偏离产生的影响加以修正才能获得准确的结果.本文着重分析辅助积分球开口边缘厚度对测量结果的影响,论述了修正方法,建立了数学模型,并通过国家实验室的比对表明,修正是有效的.