With the rapid development of e-commerce in China, “live broadcast + e-commerce” has become an emerging mode of the e-commerce industry. The speedy growth of the digital economy has also provided a favorable external environment for fresh agricultural products to ride on the e-commerce express train. As a result, more and more suppliers of fresh agricultural products choose to sell their products on e-commerce platforms and conduct live streaming. This paper utilizes the e-commerce supply chain field survey data, takes tomato as the specific analyzed variety, and studies the revenue distribution pattern of each subject in the supply chain. The purpose of this paper is to explore the optimization strategy of the revenue distribution of an agricultural e-commerce supply chain, and the results show that the agricultural e-commerce supply chain effectively promotes the matching of supply and demand of medium- and high-end agricultural products, realizes the quality premium of medium- and high-end agricultural products, and significantly improves the overall revenue level of the supply chain. The field survey found that under the supply chain model of “farmers + cooperatives + e-commerce platform”, farmers, cooperatives, and e-commerce platforms gained $2865, $3098, and $1111, respectively, for operating one mu of tomatoes in a year. According to the traditional Shapley value method, from the point of view of the contribution to the cooperative income, part of the income of the farmers and cooperatives should be compensated to the e-commerce platform, and the specific results are as follows: the income of the farmers should be reduced from $2865 to $2729, the income of the cooperatives should be reduced from $3099 to $2955, and the income of the e-commerce platform should be increased from $1111 to $1390. According to the Shapley value method based on the risk coefficient correction, from the perspective of risk compensation, part of the earnings of the e-commerce platform should be compensated to farmers and cooperatives, so as to establish a more equitable and reasonable pattern of earnings distribution, with the specific results: the earnings of farmers should be increased to $3205, the earnings of cooperatives should be increased to $3148, and the earnings of the e-commerce platform should be reduced to $722.

The trade volume of agricultural products can be used to measure the global flow of virtual cropland. This paper measures the virtual cropland contained in 68 major agricultural products in China, analyzes the changes in China's virtual cropland from 2001 to 2020, and examines the main import and export agricultural product categories of virtual cropland and the main trading countries of virtual cropland. Meanwhile, according to the LMDI model, the driving factors of virtual cropland trade are categorized into five effects, and the driving factors of virtual cropland trade are discussed in depth. The main findings are as follows: the net value of virtual cropland trade is growing rapidly, the import of legume crops is the main source of the net value of virtual cropland trade, and the virtual cropland importing countries are dominated by European and American countries, and the exporting countries are dominated by Asian countries. As for the driving factors, the quality effect and the structural effect play a dampening effect on the net imports of virtual cropland, however, the dampening effect is relatively weak and cannot offset the promotion brought by the other effects. The economic effect is the main driver of virtual net imports of cropland, and the amount of trade in agricultural products also has an important role in promoting virtual imports of cropland, while the demand effect is not significant. It is suggested that China should correctly formulate reasonable cropland management policies and trade strategies, optimize the structure of virtual cropland trade, guarantee national food security and promote sustainable development.

This paper explores the impact of e-commerce on profit margin from the perspective of scale using nation-level survey data from China. The results show that e-commerce can increase the profit margin of cooperatives, and that a higher proportion of sales via e-commerce strengthens profitability. Secondly, the effects of agri-e-commerce on cooperative profit margin is highly dependent on young talents with rich experience and high education level; in particular, female leaders have a significantly stronger effect on improving profit margins by using e-commerce than male leaders. Thirdly, the operating scale of cooperatives does not have a direct impact on the profit margins, but a bigger operating scale can significantly enhance the effect of e-commerce on profit margins. Lastly, a higher degree of standardization of cooperatives and products more clearly evidences the role played by e-commerce, including the number of brands and certification. Overall, this research provides a micro-foundation for cooperatives to better incorporate the key role of e-commerce under the background of platform monopoly and sheds light on how the government can formulate relevant policies to better support China's e-commerce development.

中国大豆进口量持续保持高位,其价格波动一直是关注焦点.为研究不同大豆市场价格传导的差异,选取中国、巴西、阿根廷和美国大豆市场2014年1月-2021年5月的日度价格数据,采用小波模型与Copula函数对中国与各国大豆市场价格关联进行实证分析.结果表明:中国大豆市场价格与各国大豆市场价格之间均存在显著正向关联,关联程度随时间尺度的扩大而增强,其中与巴西关联性最为显著;尾部价格联动效应存在差异,价格波动超过1个月,与阿根廷、美国分别对价格下降、上涨更敏感;中国与巴西、美国大豆市场价格都存在明显的非对称价格传导,不同国家正/负向传导效应在时间尺度上存在差异.基于研究结果,提出了提高国内油料生产,丰富进口来源,加强市场监测预警等政策建议.

In order to analyze the application and development potential of pose estimation in animal behavior recognition and animal welfare research, this paper took the deep learning-based pose estimation method as a breakthrough, summarized the research progress and directions of animal pose estimation from the perspective of two-dimensional and three-dimensional space, and introduced the common data sets and evaluation indexes. Then integrated the research results related to animal behavior recognition based on pose estimation, focused on the algorithms of keypoint detection and behavior classification and their features. Pose estimation provides skeleton information and motion features for tasks such as action recognition and behavior analysis, and became a non-contact monitoring method for animal behavior recognition and abnormal information warning. However, due to the limitation of small training data set, the research and development of animal pose estimation was relatively slow compared to human pose estimation. Therefore, the used of cross-domain learning to further improve its performance has become an emerging tool in recent years. This review expands research ideas and research methods for researchers related to intelligent animal behavior recognition, animal welfare research, and smart farming.

Accurate wetland mapping is essential for their protection and management; however, it is difficult to accurately identify seasonal wetlands because of irregular rainfall and the potential lack of water inundation. In this study, we propose a novel method to generate reliable seasonal wetland maps with a spatial resolution of 20 m using a seasonal-rule-based method in the Zhalong and Momoge National Nature Reserves. This study used Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data, along with a bi-weekly composition method to generate a 15-day image time series. The random forest algorithm was used to classify the images into vegetation, waterbodies, bare land, and wet bare land during each time period. Several rules were incorporated based on the intra-annual changes in the seasonal wetlands and annual wetland maps of the study regions were generated. Validation processes showed that the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient were above 89.8% and 0.87, respectively. The seasonal-rule-based method was able to identify seasonal marshes, flooded wetlands, and artificial wetlands (e.g., paddy fields). Zonal analysis indicated that seasonal wetland types, including flooded wetlands and seasonal marshes, accounted for over 50% of the total wetland area in both Zhalong and Momoge National Nature Reserves; and permanent wetlands, including permanent water and permanent marsh, only accounted for 11% and 12% in the two reserves, respectively. This study proposes a new method to generate reliable annual wetland maps that include seasonal wetlands, providing an accurate dataset for interannual change analyses and wetland protection decision-making.

针对奶牛行为判别自动化水平不足、准确率低的问题,采用惯性测量单元(IMU)和卷积神经网络(CNN),对细粒度奶牛行为判别进行研究.结果表明:1)在KNN、SVM、BPNN、CNN和LSTM 5个模型中,CNN模型在奶牛行为分类测试集上的准确率最高.2)含有三轴加速度计、陀螺仪和磁力计的IMU更加适用于奶牛行为分类,其分类效果优于含一种传感器的IMU.3)传感器频率与分类模型的性能相关,频率越高,正确率越高,当传感器频率设置为25 Hz时,奶牛行为判别效果最好.4)在1、2和4 s这3种时间窗中,使用4 s时间窗的奶牛行为分类模型性能最好.5)采用最优配置时,卷积神经网络模型能够有效的判别奶牛站立、躺卧2种状态,正确率为99％;可以对奶牛卷食、咀嚼、站立反刍、躺卧反刍、躺卧休息、站立休息6类行为进行判别,正确率为85％.采用IMU和卷积神经网络算法,可以有效的对细粒度奶牛行为进行判别,为奶牛养殖的自动化、智能化管理提供支撑.

科学合理的评价方法是快速高效检测农作物常见病虫害绿色防控技术应用效果的关键,对于提高农产品质量,保障食品安全有着重要意义.根据现有研究成果,本文从评价区域范围、评价指标和评价模型等方面阐述了我国当前农作物病虫害绿色防控技术应用效果评价方法现状,分析了现有农作物病虫害绿色防治技术应用效果评价方法中存在的不足,并就未来的发展趋势进行了展望.

采用2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)染色法测定白鲜种子生活力,利用正交试验设计,研究不同的浸种温度、浸种时间、TTC溶液浓度、染色温度和染色时间对白鲜种子染色效果的影响.结果表明,TTC法能够快速测定白鲜种子的生活力,其染色最佳条件为30℃浸种6 h,35℃条件下0.3％TTC溶液避光染色24 h.

采用不同方法处理芍药种子,研究打破芍药种子下胚轴休眠的最佳方法.结果表明:GA3浸种和机械破皮均对种子生根具有显著的促进作用,使种子生根启动日提前、生根天数缩短、生根率提高;2种方法结合处理种子效果更佳,其最佳处理组合为200 mg·L-1 GA3浸种+机械破皮处理,可使种子的生根启动日提前至第5天,生根天数缩短为18 d,生根率提高至100％.

采用2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑染色法(TTC法)测定芍药种子生活力,利用正交试验设计研究浸种温度、浸种时间、TTC浓度、染色温度和染色时间对芍药种子染色效果的影响.结果表明,TTC法能快速测定芍药种子的生活力,其染色最佳条件为30℃浸种12 h,30℃条件下0.3％TTC溶液避光染色12 h.

This paper introduces the construction technology of veterinary drug big data framework, veterinary drug big data collection and processing technology, veterinary drug big data storage and calculation technology, veterinary drug big data sharing and exchange technology and veterinary drug big data multi-dimensional analysis technology, and expounds the significance of big data in veterinary drug supervision work, such as whole industry chain information aggregation of veterinary drug big data, visualization of flow and direction of veterinary drugs, traceability of veterinary drug safety and prediction of animal diseases. The application of big data in veterinary drug supervision promotes standardization, intellectualization, refinement and precision of veterinary drug production and management, promotes the development of agricultural modernization in China, and inserts the wings of science and technology into the construction of agricultural modernization.

Wetland mapping is an important tool for understanding wetland functions and monitoring their response to natural and anthropogenic actions, but mapping wetland distribution at 30 mresolution is difficult because:the Landsat time series data are generally irregular due to the missing value caused by cloud cover, and optimal features for wetland identification are still not clear.In this paper, a wetland extraction workflow was proposed.Firstly, Landsat7 ETM+and Landsat8 OLI data were merged to generate monthly Landsat 30 m NDVI, NDWI and TC-Wetness time series.The contribution of each feature for wetland classification was evaluated using extension method of Jeffries-Matusita distance (JBh) and the random forest (RF) importance score, and the optimal features for wetland identification were then selected.Finally, the wetland was identified using the optimal features and the RF classifier.The results show that:1) Monthly synthetic Landsat 30 mtime series data can make up the missing data caused by cloud cover;2) NDVI in May, NDWI in June and August and TC-Wetness in May can distinguish permanent marsh, paddy fields, grassland and dry farmland effectively;3) The overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient using optimal features were 0.91 and 0.89, respectively.It is found that the wetland identification accuracy can be improved effectively based on the method proposed in this paper.

We collected Artificial cultivation ofAsarum heterotropoides Fr.Schmidt var.Mandshuricum seedlings that from Jilin province asarum region as sample,including 2 years A.heterotropoides Fr.Schmidt var.Mandshuricum seedlings,10 copies of resources and 3 years A.heterotropoides Fr.Schmidt var.Mandshuricum seedlings,10 copies of resources.We investigates the main quality index(fibrous root length,fibrous root thick,fibrous root number and root weight)as the feasibility of seedling grading traits.Based on the difference analysis and correlation analysis,and combining the production practice,The seedlings quality grading of biennials A.heterotropoides Fr.Schmidt var.Mandshuricum seedlings and triennial A.heterotropoides Fr.Schmidt var.Mandshuricum seedlings was set as three grades by using the frequency distribution method.The quality classification criteria ofA.heterotropoides Fr.Schmidt var.Mandshuricum seedlings have been initially established.This paper provides a reference for the quality evaluation of A.heterotropoides Fr.Schmidt var.Mandshuricum seedlings and the normalization production ofA.heterotropoides Fr.Schmidt var.Mandshuricum.

The changes of moisture content, germination rate and soluble sugar, soluble protein of Platycodon grandiflorum seeds during the development with dehydration were measured, and the relationship between the desiccation tolerance of seeds and soluble sugar,soluble protein was analyzed. The results showed that the seeds of 37 days after flowers(DAF) began to acquire desiccation tolerance, and enhanced with the development process. There existed a highly significant negative correlation between germination rate and moisture content (P<0.01), and the germination rate had highly positive correlation with thousand seed weight and soluble sugar(P<0.01). There was highly a significant positive correlation between germination rate of purple flower P. grandiflorum seeds and soluble protein(P<0.01) ,and germination rate of white flower P. grandiflorum seeds was significantly positively associated with soluble protein(P<0.05). The germination rate of purple flower P. grandiflorum seeds at 61DAF and white flower P. grandiflorum seeds at 58DAF was highest, respectively 72.33%and 91.00%. After the treatment of dehydration, the germination rate of two periods was declining-rising trend, soluble sugar and protein are on the rise. When the water content respectively fell to 2.42% and 2.66%,the rate of germination was highest, rising to 88. 67% and 93.00% respectively. The seeds of purple flower P. grandiflorum and white flower P. grandiflorum obtained the maximum dehydration tolerance at 61DAF and 58DAF respectively, and the latter is more resistant to dehydration than the former.

[Objective] Study on germination characteristics of Platycodon grandiflorum by soaking their dormant seeds in different chemical reagent,to provide the scientific theoretical basis for artificial cultivation and seed cultivation of P.grandiflorum.[Methods]To choose 6 kinds of commonly used seed treatment reagent (0.1％ HgCl2,10％H2O2,0.5％ KMnO4,75％ C2H5OH,2.0％ NaClO and 0.16％ HCHO) soaking respectively P.grandiflorum seed 5 min,10 min,20 min,to measure the P.grandiflorum seed germination and seedling growth.[Results] Each chemical reagent seed soaking experiments show that it is better to use 0.1％ HgCl2 soaking seeds 5 min,10 ％ H2 O2 soaking seeds 10 min,0.5 ％ KMnO4 soaking seeds 10 min,75 ％ C2H5OH soaking seeds 5 min,0.16％ HCHO soaking seeds 10 min,2.0％ NaClO soaking seeds 20 min.Comprehensive analysis showed that the 2.0％ NaClO soaking seeds 20 min,after processing of P.grandiflo rum seeds germination rate,germination potential,germination index and the P.grandiflorum root length all reach to the maximum,therefore,the best way of seed soaking treatment is 2.0％ NaClO soaking seeds 20 min.[Conclusion]Selecting suitable for seed soaking agent and seed soaking time that can conducive to the growth of P.grandiflorum seed,to P.grandiflorum seed grow seedlings and artificial cultivation has important directive significance.

The aim of the study is to study an appropriate method for testing seed viability of Asarum heterotropoides Fr .Schmidt var .mand-shuricum (Maxim .)Kitag .Using the 2 ,3 ,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC ) method ,the orthogonal test design set different soaking time , different TTC concentration ,different dyeing temperature ,and different dyeing time were detected to research seed viability measurement condi-tions .The optimum conditions for testing seed viability were soaking seeds for 6h and then staining in 0.1% TTC solution at 30℃ for 18h .Un-der these conditions seed viability is significantly related to germination .Research the optimum conditions for testing seed viability ,It has great significance in cultivation and germplasm conservation .TTC method could be used as the standard method for testing seed viability .

The pollen vitality of Asarum heterotropoides Fr .schmidt var .maudshuricum (Maxim )kitag .Storage at different temperature and time was measured by TTC methods .The results showed that the vitality of pollen stored in 2days-7days at 4℃ decreased from 80.57% to 79.93% ,how-ever ,the difference of vitality was no significant ( P>0.05 ) .The vitality of pollen stored in 2days at 15℃ was higher than other storage methods , which was 85.93% .Stored in 2days-7days at 15℃ ,the pollen vitality decreased from 85.93% to 66.56% ,but ,the difference of vitality for first four days was no significant ( P>0.05 ) .When pollen was stored in 3days at 4℃ ,15℃ ,20℃ ,25℃ and 28℃ separately ,the vitality was no signif-icantly different at 4℃and 15℃( P>0.05 ) ,and ,vitality was also no significantly different at 20℃ ,25℃ and 28℃( P>0.05 ) .The difference of vitality at different 5 types of temperature was more and more significant ( P<0.05 )with the storage time lasted .The vitality of pollen stored in 7days at 20℃ or 25℃ was lower than 50% ,And at 28℃ ,vitality of pollen stored in 7days was lower than 10% .

This study examined the inter-relationships of the morphological traits, oil content, and fatty acid composition among flax accessions of different geographical origins to investigate the quality and utilization options and to guide selection programs for adaptive varieties of flax. The high diversity found in the flax germplasm indicates significant potential for improving flax seed quality. K902938 from Russia was selected as an elite genetic resource to improve flax quality due to its high single plant yield (8.26 g), oil content (34%), and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) composition (55.6%). The thousand-seed weight showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.538, p < 0.01) with oil content, indicating that large seed accessions have a higher oil content than small seed accessions. A principal component analysis showed that the first three principal components (PCs) explained 63% of the total variability among the accessions for all traits investigated. PC1, PC2, and PC3 explained 35%, 1%, and 13% of the variation, respectively. Based on a cluster analysis, 78 flax accessions were classified into four groups: Cluster I (n = 27), Cluster II (n = 17), Cluster III (n = 5), and Cluster IV (n = 29). Cluster II, which contained 17 accessions, is recommended as an elite line due to the short stature, high yield, and high oil and ALA contents of its members. PC and cluster analyses can be used to categorize genetic resources to guide decisions about breeding.

Leaf microstructure of Asarum heterotropoides Fr .Schmidt var .mandshuricum and its relative species were studied using paraffin method and colorless nail polish imprint method .The results showed that the leaf microstructure of A .heterotropoides var .mandshuricum and its relative species had a difference in the epidermal cell size and arrangement ,palisade tissue ,mesophyll cell morphology and arrangement ,and the leaf stoma density .Leaf palisade tissues of A .heterotropoides var .mandshuricum were composed of a layer of columnar cells ,but A .sieboldii Miq f .seoulense and A .sieboldii Miq were composed of two layers of columnar cells .Leaf palisade tissues of A .caudigerum Hance var .caudi-gerum and A .caudigerum Hance var .cardiophyllum were composed of a layer of columnar cells which were small and loose .A .splendens ,A . delavayi and A .pulchellum had no significant difference of palisade tissue .Chloroplasts in mesophyll cells of A .heterotropoides var .mand-shuricum ,A .sieboldii f .seoulense and A .sieboldii were small and dense ,but chloroplasts in mesophyll cells of A .splendens and A .pulchellum were larger .Chloroplasts of mesophyll cells in A .caudigerum var .cardiophyllum distributed in upper mesophyll cells mainly .Leaf anatomical structures can be as classification and identification reference for Asarum .