Bio-based polyurethane (BPU) offers excellent biocompatibility and outstanding elasticity, providing vast potential for the development of next-generation waterproof and breathable materials. However, achieving stable and uniform electrospinning of BPU remains a significant challenge. Herein, BPU with superior electrospinning performance was synthesized using poly(butylene sebacate), poly(trimethylene ether glycol), ethylene glycol, and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) as raw materials. BPU nanofibrous membranes were successfully fabricated using solutions of varying concentrations (12 wt%, 16 wt%, 20 wt%, and 24 wt%), and their morphology, mechanical properties, hydrophobicity, and breathability were systematically analyzed. The nanofibrous membrane prepared with 20 wt% BPU solution exhibited optimal fiber morphology and mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 15.6 MPa and an elongation at break of 440.8%. In contrast, lower concentrations (12 wt% and 16 wt%) resulted in insufficient fiber formation, leading to poorer performance, while higher concentrations (24 wt%) significantly reduced fiber uniformity, negatively impacting the overall performance. Additionally, the nanofibrous membrane produced from the 20 wt% BPU solution demonstrated significant hydrophobicity and breathability, with a water contact angle of 133.2°, hydrostatic pressure of 48.2 kPa, and breathability of 12.6 kg·m2·d-1. These findings suggest that BPU nanofibrous membranes produced via electrospinning hold great potential for application in functional textiles.

Developing biodegradable polyurethane (PU) materials as an alternative to non-degradable petroleum-based PU is a crucial and challenging task. This study utilized lactide as the starting material to synthesize polylactide polyols (PLA-OH). PLA-based polyurethanes (PLA-PUs) were successfully synthesized by introducing PLA-OH into the PU molecular chain. A higher content of PLA-OH in the soft segments resulted in a substantial improvement in the mechanical attributes of the PLA-PUs. This study found that the addition of PLA-OH content significantly improved the tensile stress of the PU from 5.35 MPa to 37.15 MPa and increased the maximum elongation to 820.8%. Additionally, the modulus and toughness of the resulting PLA-PU were also significantly improved with increasing PLA-OH content. Specifically, the PLA-PU with 40% PLA-OH exhibited a high modulus of 33.45 MPa and a toughness of 147.18 MJ m−3. PLA-PU films can be degraded to carbon dioxide and water after 6 months in the soil. This highlights the potential of synthesizing PLA-PU using biomass-renewable polylactide, which is important in green and sustainable chemistry.

Highlights Temperature-responsive transparent nanofiber membranes were successfully fabricated using a straightforward and widely applicable method. The temperature-responsive nanofiber membranes exhibit a lower reaction temperature (~ 37 °C) and higher transmittance (> 90%). The prepared temperature-responsive transparent nanofiber membranes exhibited a short response temperature time (~ 5 s), and remarkable stability

Personal thermal management textiles have garnered a lot of attention because they can efficiently preserve the body's thermal and moisture comfort while saving energy consumption. Nonetheless, conduction cooling-based textile research is scarce and frequently encounters obstacles like overlooking through-plane heat conduction, moisture management, and durability assurance. Here, a dual-cooling textile (DCT) that combines high-efficiency heat dissipation and sweat evaporation with a 3D thermal conductive network and Janus wetting structure is demonstrated. The DCT achieves notable in-plane and through-plane thermal conductivity (8.57 and 0.70 W m-1 K-1), along with practical mechanical qualities (tensile fracture strength of 65 MPa), under the influence of the 3D multistage thermal conduction network. Additionally, the DCT benefits from its Janus wetting structure, exhibiting unidirectional moisture-wicking capability (transport index of 1081%) and fast water evaporation performance (0.34 g h-1). Rapid heat dissipation and sweat evaporation are advantageous features for the cooling of the human body in both static and dynamic situations. Compared to cotton fabric, DCT can lower the temperature by up to 3.7 degrees C. This strategy provides a fresh perspective on the development of advanced functional textiles for personalized cooling and energy savings in buildings. This study presents a dual-cooling fabric with thermal and moisture comfort, integrating high thermal conductivity and evaporative cooling performance to meet the static and dynamic cooling needs of individuals. It achieves outward heat conduction, moisture management, and mechanical durability, ultimately reducing human body temperature by 3.7 degrees C, providing new insight into summer human well-being and building energy reduction. image

Nanofibrous membranes, characterized by their flexibility, high porosity, and tunable structure, are emerging as a promising contender for advanced transparent materials with sufficient breathability and pliability. However, the considerable surface light reflection and internal light scattering of nanofibrous membranes pose a challenging task in achieving transparency. In this study, transparent nanofibrous membranes are fabricated by constructing a topological structure with optimized optical transmission channels, which provide the minimum equivalent thickness to minimize light loss in nanofibrous membranes. The resultant fabricated membrane exhibits a high light transmittance of up to 81%, along with a sufficient porosity of 84% and flexibility. Additionally, the membrane demonstrated effective PM0.3-10 removal efficiency (>91%), low air pressure drops (<110 Pa), high air permeability (approximate to 104 mm s(-1)), and good waterproof performance. Therefore, the prepared transparent nanofibrous membrane may serve as a transparent air filtration window screen to enhance indoor comfort for people.

Incorporating passive radiative cooling and heating into personal thermal management has attracted tremendous attention. However, most current thermal management materials are usually monofunctional with a narrow temperature regulation range, and lack breathability, softness, and stretchability, resulting in a poor wearer experience and limited application scenarios. Herein, a breathable dual-mode leather-like nanotextile (LNT) with asymmetrical wrinkle photonic microstructures and Janus wettability for highly efficient personal thermal management is developed via a one-step electrospinning technique. The LNT is synthesized by self-bonding a hydrophilic cooling layer with welding fiber networks onto a hydrophobic photothermal layer, constructing bilayer wrinkle structures that offer remarkable optical properties, a wetting gradient, and unique textures. The resultant LNT exhibits efficient cooling capacity (22.0 °C) and heating capacity (22.1 °C) under sunlight, expanding the thermal management zone (28.3 °C wider than typical textiles). Additionally, it possesses favorable breathability, softness, stretchability, and sweat-wicking capability. Actual wearing tests demonstrate that the LNT can provide a comfortable microenvironment for the human body (1.6-8.0 °C cooler and 1.0-7.1 °C warmer than typical textiles) in changing weather conditions. Such a wearable dual-mode LNT presents great potential for personal thermal comfort and opens up new possibilities for all-weather smart clothing.

Developing dynamic moisture management of textiles is of great significance for smart clothing. However, the current pore‐actuated fabric suffers from macro‐dimensional deformation in response. Moreover, the fabric is limited in its ability to control the direction and speed of sweat transfer. Herein, a patterned cotton fabric (PCF) is proposed by constructing thermal‐triggered transmission channels on the knitted hydrophobic cotton. The resultant fabric can switch the mode of channels spontaneously depending on ambient temperature. When PCF is exposed to the cold environment, the channels are “closed”, which prevents the intrusion of rainwater, reducing moisture permeability (12.1% lower than cotton) and maintaining human body temperature (0.8 °C higher than cotton). When the weather gets hot, channels are “open”, allowing for efficient transportation of water vapor (18.0% higher than cotton) and directional sweat transportation. This design allows adaptive water vapor gating to synergistically occur with directional liquid transport, maximizing personal warming (when cold and raining) and cooling (when hot and sweating).

针对传统单向导湿织物层间结合力差和制备工艺复杂的问题,利用丝网图案印刷技术,在针织物表面构筑了均匀分布的亲水孔道,从而实现了高透气透湿性能单向导湿织物的可控制备.使用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、接触角测试仪、透湿仪、透气仪和液态水分管理仪分析了织物的微观形貌、元素分布、化学结构、亲水性和穿着舒适性能,并对印花工艺进行优化.结果表明:在 90%疏水面积、30 Hz印花压力下,可制备理想的图案印花织物,透气率为104 mm/s,透湿量为 289 g·m-2·h-1,单向导湿指数为 588%,具有良好的应用前景.

Directional water transport textiles are an energy-free approach to improving the comfort of the human body. However, existing strategies mainly focus on enhancing the capacity of directional water transport, complicating the preparation process and limiting the long-term durability of textiles. Herein, a skin-like fabric inspired by sweat glands was prepared in one step by patterning printed hydrophobic paste on the fabric. This skin-like fabric has achieved the desired one-way water transport index (R, 721%), air permeability of 104 mm s-1, and water vapor transmission rate (298 g m-2 h-1). More significantly, due to the strong chemical bonds between the fabric and the coating, the skin-like fabric exhibited a high weight retention of 99.4% after 400 abrasion cycles and stable performance (R, 658%) after 25 h of washing. This work proposes a reliable way to prepare high-performance fabrics with durability, which show great potential for applications in functional textiles for personal moisture management.

Growing demand for efficient and economical cooling for indoor as well as outdoor applications, especially personal cooling in outdoor environments, is a major global challenge today. Currently, tailored optical structures with spectral selectivity are being used as cooling strategies. However, developing these photonic structures generally requires sophisticated multi-step manufacturing processes and use of multiple solvents which limits their acceptability for large-scale production and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, for the first time, herein we report the fabrication of nanosphere-structured hierarchically porous poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) fibrous fabric via a facile one-step electrospinning process based on water vapor-induced phase separation (WVIPS) technique using single solvent. The fabricated fabric with interconnected nanospheres structure and hierarchically porous fibers possessed large roughness and high specific surface area. Cooling performance of the fabricated PVDF-HFP fabrics was evaluated using skin simulators to mimic human body. The as-prepared PVDF-HFP fabric exhibits a superior average solar reflectance (-93.7 %) and infrared emittance (-91.9 %), yielding a temperature drop of -19.8 degrees C and -13.2 degrees C compared to the bare skin simulator and the one covered with cotton fabric, respectively, under solar intensity of -950 W m(-2). Additionally, excellent hydrophobicity and adsorption make designed fabrics potentially suitable materials for not only radiative cooling but also for waterproof and filtration applications.

Developing textiles with rapid moisture‐wicking capability is a potential and effective solution to the poor comfort of medical and health‐protective clothing. However, designing protective clothing that combines safety and comfort remains a crucial and formidable task. Herein, a moisture‐wicking protective fibrous membrane (MWPFM) with a dual‐gradient structure manufactured by electrospinning and electrostatic spraying techniques is proposed. Interestingly, the protective layer with a small pore structure and an extremely hydrophobic effect can block water, blood, and ethanol. Additionally, the textile is designed in a multilayer configuration with a wetting gradient and pore structure gradient, ensuring comfort. The MWPFM exhibits excellent protective properties (ethanol contact angle of 115°, hydrostatic pressure of 14.8 kPa) and comfort (breathability of 46.8 mm s −1 , water vapor transmission rate of 5.9 kg m −2 d −1 ). In addition, compared with the commercially available high‐density polyethylene protective membrane, MWPFM displays a distinct comfort advantage. This work provides a fresh avenue to improve the thermal‐moisture comfort of medical and health‐protective clothing.

Humidifying membranes with ultrafast water transport and evaporation play a vital role in indoor humidification that improves personal comfort and industrial productivity in daily life. However, commercial nonwoven (NW) humidifying membranes show mediocre humidification capability owing to limited wicking capacity, low water absorption, and relatively less water evaporation. Herein, we report a biomimetic micro-/nanofibrous composite membrane with a highly aligned fibrous structure using a humidity-induced electrospinning technique for high-efficiency indoor humidification. Surface wettability and roughness are also tailored to achieve a high degree of superhydrophilicity by embedding hydrophilic silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) into the fiber matrix. The synergistic effect of the highly aligned fibrous structure and surface wettability endows composite membranes with ultrafast water transport and evaporation. Strikingly, the composite membrane exhibits an outstanding wicking height of 19.5 cm, a superior water absorption of 497.7%, a fast evaporation rate of 0.34 mL h-1, and a relatively low air pressure drop of 14.4 Pa, thereby achieving a remarkable humidification capacity of 514 mL h-1 (57% higher than the commercial NW humidifying membrane). The successful synthesis of this biomimetic micro-/nanofibrous composite membrane provides new insights into the development of micro-/nanofibrous humidifying membranes for personal health and comfort as well as industrial production.

Functional textiles with enhanced moisture management can facilitate sweat transport away from the skin to improve personal comfort. However, porous materials exhibit low capability of preventing the intrusion of external liquids, becoming a bottleneck in the design of medical protective clothing. Herein, a trilayered composite fabric based on a gradient wettability structure is demonstrated for directional water transport and resistance to blood penetration. The proposed fabric shows distinct advantages, including a high water breakthrough pressure of 2.43 kPa from the external side, an outstanding positive water transport index (1522%), and an antiblood penetration resistance of 2.71 kPa. Moreover, the fabric shows improved comfort with a high moisture transmission (320 g m-2 h-1) and desired water evaporation rate (0.36 g h-1). This work addressed the concern of directional water transport and resistance to blood penetration while providing a comfortable wearing microenvironment, leading to a promising research direction for multifunctional medical textiles.

以聚乳酸(polylactic acid,PLA)非织造布为基布,采用多巴胺亲水改性和静电喷雾技术制备定向导水纸尿裤面层材料.结合扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱对纸尿裤面层材料的结构和形貌进行表征,并测试材料的水接触角、芯吸高度、耐水压和液态水分管理能力,以研究多巴胺亲水改性和静电喷雾时间对材料定向导水性能的影响.试验结果表明,多巴胺亲水改性30 min后,单面疏水剂电喷60 min,该工艺所制备的纸尿裤面层材料从电喷面至未电喷面(正向)的液态水单向传递指数可达1409.04％,反向耐水压为232 Pa,具有优异的定向导水能力.