Magnetically responsive photonic crystal(MRPC)liquid exhibits fast magnetic responsive-ness and dynamic color variation,but its fluidity limits practical applications.To overcome this challenge,Fe3O4@PVP MRPC is utilized to develop MRPC microcapsules with a polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)shell via droplet microfluidics.These microcapsules integrate excellent magnetochromism and durability.The microcap-sules display fast magnetic response(<1 s)and wide spectral tunability(485-640 nm),allowing a broad color-tuning range from blue to red under magnetic fields.Notably,the MRPC microcapsules demonstrate long-term stability for over 100 days in polar solvents and epoxy resin.Additionally,MRPC microcapsule-based patterns can achieve dynamic color displays by varying the magnetic field strength,viewing angle,and magnet shape,respectively.Due to their unique multimodal and dynamic color changing properties,MRPC microcapsules show significant potential in the anti-counterfeiting field.

Massive rotator cuff tears (MRCT) remain a clinical challenge, characterized by poor tendon-bone interface (TBI) healing, severe muscle degeneration, and high postoperative retear rates. Tissue engineering scaffolds offer promising alternatives, yet traditional biomaterials often lack sufficient bioactivity to orchestrate comprehensive tissue regeneration. Herein, we developed a novel graphene oxide (GO)-engineered porcine type I collagen (GO/Col) scaffold and systematically investigated its therapeutic efficacy and underlying molecular mechanisms via multi-omics analyses. Comprehensive characterization showed that GO incorporation improved scaffold stability, wettability, and biocompatibility. In vitro, the GO/Col scaffold enhanced mesenchymal stem cell adhesion and proliferation, promoted osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, and suppressed adipogenesis. In a macrophage model system, GO/Col was associated with a shift toward a more reparative, anti-inflammatory phenotype. Using a clinically relevant chronic MRCT rat model, we observed that GO/Col scaffolds significantly improved motor function, biomechanical properties, and tendon-bone regeneration, while inhibiting muscle fibrosis and fatty infiltration. Mechanistically, integrated transcriptomics, proteomics, and mass cytometry analyses revealed GO-mediated modulation of critical signaling pathways involved in immune regulation, stem cell differentiation, and tissue regeneration. Notably, GO activated pro-osteogenic/chondrogenic pathways and anti-inflammatory signatures, while downregulating adipogenic and pro-inflammatory pathways. Collectively, these findings support the potential of GO/Col scaffolds as a bioactive tissue-engineering strategy for chronic MRCT repair.

Endless semiconductor sensitive materials have emerged and exhibited unprecedented application prospects in chemiresistive gas sensors, including clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, industrial production, aerospace and other fields. To satisfy the demands of integrated and miniaturized devices, efficient gas sensors with low power consumption have become a new research hotspot and highly potential direction. Herein, a facile and general in-situ domain-confined growth strategy was proposed to elaborately tailoring the versatile Co3O4 nanocrystals (NCs)-decorated reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (Co3O4-rGO), and the microstructure (e.g., size, dispersibility) of anchored Co3O4 NCs could be precisely controlled via adjusting the content of solution (i.e., water and ethanol). The rationally designed Co3O4-rGO composites showed the superior selectivity and high sensitivity towards formaldehyde molecules at low working temperature (ca. 78 °C). Among them, the ultra-small Co3O4 NCs (ca. 3 nm) decorated 5 % rGO nanosheets exhibited the optimal formaldehyde sensing performance, such as low detection limit (100 ppb), high stability and excellent anti-humidity. Such an excellent performance was attributed to the high catalytic activity of crystalline Co3O4 NCs and abundant oxygen-containing groups of rGO. This work provides a new concept of “nanocrystals catalysis-sensing” to guide the low-temperature formaldehyde monitoring.

ABSTRACT The structural and physical properties of double perovskite hydrides X 2 AlH 6 (X = Ca, Sr, and Ba) have been researched for the first time using first‐principles methods. The calculated formation energies, elastic constants, and phonon dispersion curve of X 2 AlH 6 indicate that these compounds are thermodynamically, mechanically, and dynamically stable, making them synthesizable. Based on Poisson's ratio and B/G, Sr 2 AlH 6 and Ba 2 AlH 6 both exhibit good ductility, while Ca 2 AlH 6 is classified as brittle. Furthermore, the electronic properties show that all X 2 AlH 6 compounds exhibit metallic characteristics. The analysis of optical properties shows that Ca 2 AlH 6 has the highest dielectric constant and refractive index, making it particularly suitable for hydrogen storage materials and infrared waveguides. The calculated gravimetric hydrogen storage capacities (GHSC) of Ca 2 AlH 6 , Sr 2 AlH 6 , and Ba 2 AlH 6 are 5.343, 2.904, and 1.966 wt%, respectively, and their desorption temperatures are 257.738, 279.503, and 245.807 K, respectively. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the potential applications of aluminum‐based hydrides in next‐generation hydrogen storage technology.

GeSi alloy quantum dots (QDs) are a promising candidate for a light source implemented in Si-based monolithic optoelectronic integrated circuits (MOEICs) thanks to their telecom-wavelength emission and the compatibility with the Si integration technology. Herein, the engineering properties of GeSi alloy QDs are demonstrated via rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The PL spectra of GeSi alloy QDs exhibits remarkably enhanced intensity and an initial red shift followed by a blue shift with increasing annealing temperature. Particularly, it can be characterized as a single narrow peak at ~1.55 µm of the intensity enhanced by ~20 times after the RTA at 1100 °C. These features are attributed to the progressively enhanced intermixing and the abnormal transition from compressive strain to tensile strain in QDs with increasing annealing temperature, which are demonstrated by Raman spectra and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. Moreover, a large polycrystalline-domain appears around QD at a sufficiently high annealing temperature. It facilitates the tensile strain in QDs, which arises during the RTA due to the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between Ge and Si. These results demonstrate that high-temperature annealing can efficiently modulate the properties of GeSi alloy QDs, particularly for emission at 1.55 µm, which may have great potential for an efficient Si-based light source.

Auxetic metamaterials are advanced artificial structures characterized by negative Poisson’s ratios, offering unique mechanical capabilities. Their inverse design remains challenging because different microstructural geometries may exhibit similar effective mechanical properties, leading to a typical one-to-many mapping problem. Moreover, conventional discretized material representations may require additional post-processing when smooth boundary descriptions and geometry-consistent downstream analysis are needed. To address these issues, this work proposes a conditional generative framework to learn auxetic unit-cell layouts directly in the same NURBS-based density space used for topology optimization, thereby maintaining representation consistency between data generation, generative modeling, and IGA-based property evaluation. By constructing the training dataset using Isogeometric Topology Optimization method, the proposed framework defines a design space in which structural geometry and numerical analysis are intrinsically consistent. A CVAE-based latent-space interpolation strategy is then introduced to enrich under-sampled regions of the property space, and a Wasserstein GAN is developed with gradient penalty to learn conditional distributions of auxetic microstructures, converting prescribed properties directly into target topologies. Finally, generative examples together with quantitative evaluations of design accuracy and design diversity demonstrate that the proposed framework enables accurate design and diverse generation of auxetic microstructures tailored to prescribed mechanical performance.

Developing thermally stable bimetallic alloy clusters for furfural hydrogenation remains a significant challenge because high-temperature alloying readily causes metal migration and particle growth. In this study, ultrasmall Pt-based bimetallic clusters are constructed on a mesoporous carbon nanosphere (PtM-S/MCS) by combining a sulfur-anchored strategy to achieve efficient tandem conversion of furfural (FFA) into furfuryl alcohol (FOL). Characterization results show that the resultant materials possess a mesoporous carbon nanosphere (MCS) with a large specific surface area (1,482.8 m2 g-1) and uniform mesopores (≈ 7 nm), in which PtCo alloy clusters with a particle size of 2.1 nm are homogeneously dispersed. The strategy is further extended to PtFe-S/MCS and PtCu-S/MCS, demonstrating its applicability to different Pt-based bimetallic systems. In the selective hydrogenation of FFA, the PtCo-S/MCS catalyst achieves a 98.9% FOL yield. The enhanced performance arises from the cooperative effects of sulfur anchoring, mesoporous confinement, and PtCo alloy formation.

Flexible aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) offer critical safety and cost advantages for portable/wearable electronics, yet their widespread deployment remains constrained by energy density and cycle stability of cathode materials. Here, we fabricate a flexible free-standing cathode by integrating 2D conductive metal-organic framework (2D c-MOF, Cu3(HHTP)2) nanosheets with graphene oxide (GO). Eclipsed stacking in Cu3(HHTP)2 furnishes open 1D pathways for rapid Zn2+ diffusion, while robust pi-pi coupling with GO mitigates structural deterioration and volumetric strain during prolonged cycling. The optimized electrode demonstrates outstanding electrochemical performance, delivering a high specific capacity (358.2 mAh & centerdot;g-1 at 0.2 A & centerdot;g-1), exceptional cycling stability (213.3 mAh & centerdot;g-1 after 1140 cycles), and ultrafast ion diffusion (10-10-10-7 cm2 & centerdot;s-1) among the highest reported for MOF-based cathodes in AZIBs. In situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations unveil Zn2+ storage governed by CuO4 redox centers, while the synergistic Cu3(HHTP)2@GO heterostructure creates confined microenvironments that boost ion-insertion kinetics and stabilize the structure. This work establishes a viable pathway for designing durable, high-capacity flexible electrodes for future energy storage applications.

The declining costs of renewable energy are progressively improving the economic viability of employing electrochemical techniques for carbon dioxide capture. Electrochemical carbon capture (ECC) technology utilizes electrical energy to drive electrode reactions, enabling the selective separation of CO2. The vigorous development of ECC powered by renewable energy offers a promising alternative route to conventional carbon capture methods, overcoming limitations associated with thermally driven capture and release cycles. This approach provides a promising alternative route that is more efficient, flexible, scalable, low-energy-consuming and low-polluting for traditional carbon capture technologies. This review begins by introducing established, large-scale carbon capture technologies, such as pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture, oxy-fuel combustion, adsorption, membrane separation and the calcium looping process. It then transitions to several rapidly developing ECC technologies, including electrochemically mediated amine regeneration (EMAR), pH-swing-mediated systems, and methods involving redox-active molecules. The pH-swing systems are further categorized into bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED), proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), and membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI). For each method, the underlying principles, technological advancements, advantages, as well as current problems and challenges, are systematically elucidated. It is anticipated that with the widespread deployment of green electricity and persistent innovation in electrochemical materials, ECC technology will emerge as a highly efficient and low-carbon strategy, contributing significantly to the global goal of achieving carbon neutrality.

The role of oxygen in tuning the performance of copper-based catalysts for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (CO2R) is of significant interest for controlling product selectivity. In this study, oxygen was introduced during the activation of commercial Cu foil in a CO2 environment, resulting in improved Faradaic efficiency (FE) for ethylene formation and suppression of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The enhanced performance is attributed to oxygen-assisted surface reconstruction and modification of the local electronic environment, which together favor C-C coupling pathways. Spectroscopic analyses suggest the formation of key intermediates and oxygen-related surface species, while theoretical calculations indicate strengthened adsorption and charge transfer in the presence of oxygen. These results demonstrate that a simple oxygen-assisted activation strategy can effectively tune the catalytic behavior of Cu without complex synthesis procedures. This work provides insight into the role of oxygen in modifying catalyst surfaces for selective CO2R.

Copper-based catalysts are promising for converting CO2 to multicarbon (C2+) products toward carbon neutrality, yet their industrial deployment is hindered by difficulty maintaining high selectivity at high current densities. Here, 1-dodecanol-functionalized Cu2O superparticles (D-Cu2O-SP) were synthesized via a wet chemical method, achieving a maximum Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 79.8% for C2+ products and a C2+ partial current density of 992 mA cm-2. Characterizations revealed that 1-dodecanol modification plays a dual role: stabilizing crucial *CO intermediates to enhance surface coverage and regulating D-Cu2O-SP reconstruction to promote selective exposure of Cu (100) facets. The electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) increased to nearly 1.5 times that of pristine Cu2O superparticles. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that dodecanol modification lowers the energy barrier for asymmetric C-C coupling between *CO and *CHO intermediates. This work provides a feasible strategy for designing industrial-grade electrocatalysts with high activity and selectivity while offering theoretical insights into the C2+ formation mechanism.

Recent theoretical and experimental advances in quantum ferroelectrics suggest that ferroelectricity can also emerge in non-polar space group, highlighting the limitations of conventional polar space group criteria in identifying ferroelectric materials. Here, we introduce a unified definition based on switchable polarization differences between energetically equivalent states, which naturally encompasses conventional and quantum ferroelectrics. Guided by this principle, we implement a high-throughput screening strategy that systematically identifies both conventional and quantum ferroelectrics among experimentally synthesized materials. In particular, we identify a new type of quantum ferroelectric in which the quantized polarization arises from arbitrary ionic displacements, in contrast to previous quantum ferroelectrics (including both fractional and integer quantum ferroelectrics) where quantized polarization results from fractional or integer ionic displacements. Notably, we find that materials such as Ba3I6 and Cs2PdC2 exhibit low switching barriers and robust insulating behavior, highlighting their experimental viability. Our results reconcile conventional and quantum ferroelectrics, expand the accessible materials landscape, and provide a practical roadmap for discovering next-generation ferroelectrics with advanced switchable functionalities.

We develop a theory based on nonequilibrium Green's functions to describe indirect magnetic interactions in systems subjected to external fields. Using this framework, we investigate the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction in Dirac semimetals under the influence of both electric and magnetic fields. We show that these fields induce the Berry connection, the orbital magnetic moment, and the Berry curvature dipole in the nonequilibrium Green's function, driving the system out of equilibrium. In the nonequilibrium regime, four distinct types of RKKY interactions emerge: Heisenberg, Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya, Ising, and spin-frustrated interactions, all of which are tunable by the electric field. Notably, the electric field not only renormalizes the Heisenberg term but also introduces new components into the Ising and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions. The spin-frustrated interaction, arising from the spin-momentum locking of itinerant electrons, is unique to the nonequilibrium regime and allows for the manipulation of local magnetic moments to align at arbitrary relative angles under electric field control. Our findings provide a method for electrically engineering RKKY interactions and a technique for detecting the chiral anomaly.

Ru-based catalysts for acidic water electrolysis face a stubborn activity-stability trade-off, as the high potentials required for OER drive Ru overoxidation and dissolution simultaneously. Herein, we resolve this dilemma by engineering a core-shell Ru@Mo0.2Ru0.8O2 architecture that integrates sacrificial Mo doping with interfacial electron buffering, thereby promoting Mo-induced mechanistic evolution toward a dual-site synergistic oxygen-coupling pathway under OER conditions. Experimental analysis, such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy and O-18-isotope differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS), reveals that the preferential leaching of Mo from the shell generates oxygen vacancies, which correlate with more persistent oxygen-species participation and the emergence of a dual-site lattice oxygen coupling feature during OER. At the same time, the metallic Ru-rich inner region promotes interfacial electronic coupling with the outer RuOx shell, helping stabilize the shell electronic structure against excessive Ru overoxidation and preserving local coordination. This synergistic strategy delivers exceptional OER activity (202.5 mV @ 10 mA cm(-2)) and long-term stability (>100 h @ 100 mA cm(-2)) in 0.5 M H2SO4. This work demonstrates that interfacial electronic coupling and vacancy chemistry can cooperatively shift the OER pathway preference from a conventional single-site process toward a dual-site synergistic mechanism, offering a practical strategy for activating lattice oxygen coupling in acidic OER catalysts.

ABSTRACT The catalytic conversion of C 1 molecules (CO, CO 2 , CH 4 , CH 3 OH, CH 2 O, etc.) is a pivotal route toward carbon neutrality and a sustainable energy future. Traditional thermocatalysis relies on fossil‐fuel combustion to supply heat, but this approach suffers from low heat‐transfer efficiency, high energy consumption, and catalyst deactivation. In contrast, Joule‐heated catalysis directly energizes conductive catalysts with electric current, enabling in situ, spatially uniform heating and the coupling of electric and thermal fields, thereby enhancing C 1 molecule conversion and overall energy efficiency. This review systematically elucidates the fundamental principles of Joule‐heated catalysis and highlights recent advances in its application to CO 2 methanation, hydrogen production via reforming, and the oxidation of formaldehyde and CO. From the viewpoints of enhanced heat transfer, electron dynamics, and band‐structure modulation, the mechanisms underlying electrothermal synergy are comprehensively analyzed. Furthermore, the existing challenges and future prospects of Joule‐heated catalysis are discussed in terms of theoretical understanding, material design, and industrial implementation. This work aims to provide insights and guidance for advancing both the fundamental research and large‐scale application of Joule‐heated catalytic technologies.

Performance degradation of fibrous porous insulation materials in liquefied natural gas (LNG) cargo containment systems (CCS) induced by water vapor intrusion severely endangers the operational safety of LNG carriers. Therefore, research on gas displacement in such materials is a key engineering priority. This study experimentally investigates the forced convection and mass transfer characteristics of fiberglass porous media in LNG CCS, examining how four key parameters - inlet pressure, inlet position, inlet temperature, and porous media bulk density - influence the laws of forced convection and mass transfer as well as the distribution of mass transfer lag zones. A full-scale experimental platform was established to conduct parameter-controlled comparative experiments, with dynamic variation data for temperature, pressure, and dew-point temperatures systematically analyzed. Meanwhile, a quantitative definition method for mass transfer lag zones was proposed to clarify their evolution mechanisms. The results indicate that increasing inlet pressure from 300 Pa to 700 Pa reduces purging time by 42.1%, while increasing porous media bulk density from 32 kg/m3 to 64 kg/m3 effectively eliminates vertical stratification of moisture displacement. A high inlet temperature (95 degrees C) increases purging time by 11.4% compared with the baseline (35 degrees C). Mass transfer lag zones are primarily concentrated in the top region of the porous media, and their formation can be effectively suppressed by optimizing inlet parameters and increasing media bulk density. The findings of this study provide a solid experimental basis and technical support for optimizing the gas-displacement process in LNG containment systems and enhancing operational safety.

Conventional sandwich structures exhibit intrinsic trade-offs among load-bearing-energy-absorption synergy, response stability, and failure controllability. Here we propose and validate a gradient heterostructured threedimensional woven sandwich composite (3DWSC) inspired by the graded architecture of the lobster claw. We map the exoskeleton's "stiff-buffering-soft" functional zoning onto three unit types (5/8/12 mm) and construct multilayer pathways via vacuum-assisted resin infusion (VARI) co-curing with alternating hard and soft layers, thereby achieving partitioned functional synergy. We systematically compare the mechanical responses and deformation mechanisms of the three single-layer configurations, clarifying the functional roles of short, medium, and long cores. Building on these insights, we design multiple gradient-path architectures that yield multilayer heterostructures exhibiting hierarchical collapse and stable load plateaus. Experiments reveal that the bioinspired gradient architecture stabilizes the stress-strain response and enables progressive energy dissipation through layer-by-layer activation and load redistribution, delivering synergistic improvements in specific energy absorption, peak-load mitigation, and structural adaptability. These findings establish a gradient-path design framework and a multilayer integration paradigm for high-performance cushioning and protection, providing an experimentally validated basis for the next generation of lightweight, robust sandwich structures.

Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is a cornerstone technology for carbon-neutral hydrogen production, yet its scalability is constrained by the intrinsic activity-stability trade-off of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts. To overcome this challenge, we design a Ru/RuO2 heterostructure by integrating metallic Ru to modulate the d-orbital electron density of RuO2. The metallic Ru domains suppress lattice oxygen migration (LOM) while enhancing electron delocalization. The eg orbital filling shifts the Ru 4d-band center downward, reducing the adsorption strength of reaction intermediates (*OH, *O, and *OOH). The optimized Ru/RuO2 electrocatalyst achieves an overpotential of 181 mV at 10 mA cm-2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 and exhibits stable performance for 260 hours with minimal degradation rate (0.065 mV h-1). In the PEMWE device, it lowers the cell voltage from 1.88 V (RuO2) to 1.68 V (Ru/RuO2) at 1 A cm-2, exhibiting negligible performance loss over 120 hours. This work introduces a dopant-free electronic engineering strategy that advances the design of stable, high performance pure Ru-based anodic catalysts for energy conversion technologies.

Trions, as charged quasiparticles formed by neutral excitons combining with excess charge carriers, are crucial for the luminescence efficiency, carrier dynamics, polarization behavior, and valley polarization of TMDs. However, the exciton-trion ratio in intrinsic MoSe2 is poorly tunable due to its inherent characteristics, which restricts its practical applications. Thus, it is significant to control the exciton-trion ratio of MoSe2. Herein, a type-II band alignment is established between MoSe2 and low-symmetry GaPS4 via assembled heterostructure, which promotes photo-induced carrier separation through electron transfer from MoSe2 to GaPS4. At low temperature of 83 K, the intensity ratio ITrion/Ix0 increases from 1.62 in pristine MoSe2 to 2.57 in heterostructure, arising from charge transfer at MoSe2/GaPS4 interface. Moreover, the photoluminescence (PL) emission of MoSe2 is efficiently tuned by GaPS4 thickness, identifying the type-II band alignment. These results demonstrate that GaPS4 can serves as effective platforms to convert excitons to trions via interlayer doping effect in type-II band alignment vdWH.

ABSTRACT Emerging neuromorphic computing, which emulates the parallel operation of neurons and synapses in the human brain, overcomes the high‐power consumption and latency limitations of traditional Von Neumann architecture. In this context, three‐terminal floating‐gate transistors (FGT) based on two‐dimensional materials have emerged as ideal candidates for achieving integrated sensing, memory, and computation due to their high bandwidth, low crosstalk, and multi‐level storage capabilities. Herein, we report a multifunctional FGT based on a ReS 2 /h‐BN/WTe 2 van der Waals heterostructure, which integrates non‐volatile memory, synaptic properties, and reconfigurable logic functions altogether in a single device. Leveraging the excellent optoelectronic properties of ReS 2 and WTe 2 , the floating‐gate architecture provides a large memory window of 108.42 V (±60 V sweep range), a long retention time of over 10 4 s, and excellent stable endurance above 1000 cycles. Besides accurate emulation of various synaptic behaviors, the device also realizes visual perception, handwritten digit recognition (accuracy: 91.49%), and reconfigurable Boolean logic gate functionalities. Moreover, its synaptic weight modulation enables over 300 distinct states (9 bits) with a low electrical energy consumption of 1.5 pJ per spike. This work demonstrates a highly integrated optoelectronic platform capable of simultaneously performing sensing, processing, and memory, offering strong potential for building efficient, low‐energy artificial neuromorphic systems.