Introduction * Globalization, Informationalization and Management of Cities * The Impact of Globalization on the Spatial and Social Structure of Cities * The City of Women * The Multicultural City * Cities as Political Agents * Urban Policies In Globalization * Strategic Plans and Metropolitan Projects * Metropolitan City Government * Cities in the World Scenario * Conclusion * References * Index

The International Journal of Communication (IJoC) was launched in January, 2007, as an online, open access, multi-media academic journal that adheres to the highest standards of peer review and engages established and emerging scholars from anywhere in the world. Our vision for the International Journal of Communication was to create an interdisciplinary journal that, while centered in communication, would be open and welcoming to contributions from the many disciplines and approaches that meet at the crossroads that is communication study. As we begin our fifth year, it is clear that we have achieved our goals, and that the Journal is more than meeting our expectations.

The way of operating of these milieus is as a feeder stream from the technology and organisation of the information process. Whether one is talking about the sacro-political ceremonies of antiquity, sermons from the pulpit, written communication since the invention of the printing press, radio, television or the Internet, the mass media, in the broadest sense, constitute public space, the space where views are contrasted, opinions are formed, behaviour is influenced and, in the end, where the future of the elites who aspire to govern is decided and, hence, the destiny of the governed. Although this close relationship between communication and politics is forged in all systems of government, it has an even more decisive role in democracy inasmuch as, in principle, the citizens freely decide who will govern them, and how and why, on the basis of an informed judgement on what is best for them and the country. This is why the fourth power is sometimes spoken of, referring to the power of the media in their influence on public opinion. In fact, this characterisation is inexact. The politicians are the ones that retain political power. The financiers are the ones that exercise economic power. The intellectual and religious ministries have arrogated moral and cultural power. Alongside all of this, many other dimensions of power establish their own elites in such a way that the Democracy in the age of the Internet Manuel Castells

The objective was to determine the effect of added sodium chloride, barley malt and sucrose on the stability of fumonisin B1 (FB1) present in corn flour. Two levels of both sodium chloride (0.4% and 2%) and barley malt (0.8% and 5%) were added to the unextruded corn flour, and six levels of sucrose (3-10%) were used. The addition of sucrose at the lowest salt content (0.4%) as well as salt, either at 0.4% or at 2%, led to a significant decrease of FB1 levels in extruded samples, whereas malt, either at 0.8% or at 5%, did not significantly affect FB1 stability. Decontamination rates depended on the concentrations of added ingredients and ranged from 2% to 92%. The greatest reductions in FB1 content were achieved with extrusion cooking with a high salt content, whilst the lowest reductions were the result of processing corn flour with low contents of both salt and sucrose. Salt at 2% was the most effective ingredient in reducing FB1 content of the final extruded food.

The objective of this work was to determine the effects of extrusion cooking on the stability of ochratoxin A (OTA) in an artificially contaminated hulled barley meal (0.73-mm grain diameter) using a single screw extruder. The extrusion cooking parameters were temperature (140, 160, and 180 degrees C), initial moisture content of barley meal (24, 27 and 30%), and residence time (30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 s). Both unextruded and extruded samples were analyzed for OTA by high-performance liquid chromatography. Extrusion cooking variables significantly affected the stability of OTA (P < 0.05). Greater OTA reductions were achieved at higher residence time (70 s), medium temperature level (160 degrees C), and either high (30%) or low moisture (24%) content of samples. The amount of OTA destroyed during the extrusion process ranged from 17 to 86% depending on the studied parameters. The decrease in the amount of OTA after extrusion cooking followed first-order kinetics, showing that the fastest treatment in OTA reduction was that at 140 degrees C and 24% of moisture content.

Extrusion cooking is one of the fastest growing food-processing operations in recent years due to several advantages over traditional methods. Apart from its main goal of improving the quality of intermediate and final processed products, it may incidentally also improve safety because of the potential to reduce mycotoxin levels in cereals. This review is focused on extrusion cooking and aims to give a general overview of its impact in reducing mycotoxin levels in cereals. Extrusion cooking generally decreases the mycotoxins levels at rates depending on different factors such as the type of extruder, the type of screw, the die configuration, the initial mycotoxin concentration, the barrel temperature, the screw speed, the moisture content of the raw material and the use of additives. Reductions of 100, 95 and 83% for fumonisins, aflatoxins and zearalenone, respectively, have been reported during extrusion cooking of cereals, while lower reductions were observed for deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin A and moniliformin, where maximum reductions did not exceed 55, 40 and 30%, respectively.

La aparicion y consolidacion de una nueva economia, cuya base material son las tecnologias de la informacion y la comunicacion, tiene importantes consecuencias sobre el desarrollo global. La evidencia empirica internacional muestra una creciente desigualdad y exclusion social, que convive con este extraordinario proceso de innovacion tecnologica y dinamismo economico. Este articulo analiza las conexiones entre la nueva economia y el desarrollo economico y social y propone un modelo de desarrollo basado en la informacion y el conocimiento que permita superar a desigualdad global estructural.

BJU InternationalVolume 90, Issue 6 p. 621-621 Hydronephrosis: a rare complication of hepatic haemangiomas A. Aguilar, A. Aguilar Departments of Urology andSearch for more papers by this authorO. Pozuelo, O. Pozuelo Radiology, Hospital San Llorenc Viladecans, Barcelona, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorM. Castells, M. Castells Departments of Urology andSearch for more papers by this authorC. Vargas, C. Vargas Departments of Urology andSearch for more papers by this author A. Aguilar, A. Aguilar Departments of Urology andSearch for more papers by this authorO. Pozuelo, O. Pozuelo Radiology, Hospital San Llorenc Viladecans, Barcelona, SpainSearch for more papers by this authorM. Castells, M. Castells Departments of Urology andSearch for more papers by this authorC. Vargas, C. Vargas Departments of Urology andSearch for more papers by this author First published: 13 September 2002 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-410X.2002.02870.xCitations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. References 1 Ramesh A, Hemendra RS, Teresita LA. US case of the day. Radiographics 1999; 19: 1689–92 2 Reading NG, Forbes A, Nunnerley HB, Williarns R. Hepatic hemangioma. a critical review of diagnosis and management. Quart J Med 1988; 67: 431–45 Citing Literature Volume90, Issue6October 2002Pages 621-621 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Resumen es: En el proceso de cambio historico que vivimos, definido como "era de la informacion", el articulo situa la importancia de las ciudades, refiriendose a la...

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