Background and importance Consumption of complementary and alternative medicine (CAMs) has increased among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. CAMs are of questionable safety and efficacy and may interact with antiretroviral treatment (ART). There are no data about the frequency of CAMs consumption in the Spanish HIV population. Aim and objectives This study aimed to explore CAMs consumption and drug-drug interactions (DDI) in a cohort of HIV patients. Material and methods Cross-sectional multicentre study conducted between June and November 2018 in nine Spanish hospitals. Data collected: demographics, current ART, adherence (patients' self-report), CAMs consumption, virological and immunological current status. A structured questionnaire was used to assess CAMs consumption. Identification of DDI was performed using the University of Liverpool database and classified in three categories: no clinically significant interaction, potential interaction requiring close monitoring/change (moderate) and contraindication (severe). Results 420 patients were included; 347 (82.6%) male, aged 47(±10.4) years; 337 (80.2%) Caucasian, 209 (49.8%) taking 86 different CAMs. Table 1 shows the characteristics of patients taking CAMs and the most consumed CAMs. Ninety (21.4%) patients took ≥3 CAMs and 34 (8.1%) took ≥5 CAMs. At least one DDI was identified in 34 (16.3%) patients, all being moderate. Most frequent CAMs involved in DDI were magnesium (n=8), multivitamins (n=7) and cat's claw (n=3). In 68 (79.1%) CAMs no information was found. View this table: Abstract 4CPS-255 Table 1 Conclusion and relevance A high frequency and variety of CAMs consumption was observed in the Spanish HIV population, with green tea, black tea, red tea, fish oil and ginger being the most consumed products. In 16% of patients a DDI with the ART requiring close monitoring/treatment change was detected. However, in almost 80% of CAMs no information about potentials DDI was found. These results highlight the need to provide adequate information about these products to HIV patients as part of their pharmaceutical care due to their unawareness of potential drug interactions. Conflict of interest No conflict of interest

Logging data are measurements of physical properties of the formation surrounding a borehole, acquired in situ after completion of coring (wireline logging) or during drilling (Logging-While-Drilling, LWD). The range of data (resistivity, gamma radiation, velocity, density, borehole images,…) in any hole depends on the scientific objectives and operational constraints.

RCMNS Interim Colloquium >Marine-continental interactions during the Neogene in the Mediterranean area>, Granada, Spain, 9-12 September 2019

Workshop Alboran domain and Gibraltar Arc: geological research and natural hazards, en Granada (Espana), del 16 al 18 de octubre, 2019

Workshop. Alboran Domain and Gibraltar Arc: Geological Research and Natural Hazards - El dominio de Alboran y el Arco de Gibraltar: Investigacion geologica y riesgos naturales - Le Domaine Alboran et l'Arch de Gibraltar: Recherche geologique et risques naturels, 16-18 octubre 2019, Granada..-- 2 pages, 1 figure

RCMNS Interim Colloquium “Marine-continental interactions during the Neogene in the Mediterranean area”, Granada, Spain, 9-12 September 2019

Active mud volcanism in the West Alboran Basin (WAS) is closely associated with tectonically mobilized, overpressurized shales and shale-diapirism. This appears to control mud expulsion at Carmen mud volcano, a cone-shaped structure 65 m high and 1 km in basal diameter. The presence of gas-rich mud breccia, living chemosynthetic fauna, the absence of hemipelagic draping and the abrupt transition that occurs between high dissolved sulfate in the uppermost interval and low sulfate together with high methane concentrations in the lowermost sediment interval all point to a recent expulsion of mud breccia at the summit of Carmen MV. For the lowermost interval, the depletion of major elements (i.e., Ca2+ and Mg2+) and the enrichment of trace species (i.e., Li and B) in the pore water all indicate a deep fluid source. The delta O-18(pw) (5.7 parts per thousand VSMOW) and delta D-pw (-10 parts per thousand VSMOW) of pore water in the lowermost interval correspond with smectite dehydration as the main pore-water freshening mechanism. Water-formation temperatures calculated with empirical geo-thermometers (K-Na, K-Mg; delta O-18(pw), delta D-pw, and dissolved B) reveal that fluids were generated at temperatures of similar to 140 +/- 20 degrees C. Taking a regional geothermal gradient for the WAB of 25-27 degrees C/km, this points to a fluid source from similar to 5 +/- 1 km sediment depth. This is not only consistent with the depth of overpressurized shales and megabreccia of Lower to Middle Miocene age, but it also fits nicely with the Upper/Middle-Miocene seawater value for the porewater Sr-87/Sr-86 derived from dissolving carbonates. The stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition of methane (delta C-13(metham) similar to - 59.4 parts per thousand VPDB and delta D-methane -184 parts per thousand VSMOW) for the deepest samples of summit-core GP05PC is consistent with the mentioned deep origin. Mud breccia expulsion of overpressurized deep sedimentary units would be accompanied by rigorous degassing, leading to rapid, 'instantaneous' replacement of pore fluid by bottom water in the upper sediments. The absence of oxidized sediment draping, the seawater-like pore-water composition in the uppermost part of the mud breccia interval, and the abrupt methane to sulfate transition all provide evidence for a very recent mud expulsion. The distinctively kink-shaped pore-water Cl- profile in core GP05PC has been used in a numerical transport-reaction model to derive the timing for this event. This eruptive event appears to have taken place very recently, namely 12 +/- 5 yrs prior to the 2012 coring, thus in the year 2000 CE.

2D seismic reflection data tied to biostratigraphical and log information from wells in the central and southeastern Alboran Sea have allowed us to constrain the spatial and temporal distribution of rifting and inversion. Normal faults, tilted basement blocks, and growth wedges reveal a thinned continental crust that formed in response to NW-SE extension. To the east, a secondary SW-NE trend of extension affects the transitional crust adjacent to the oceanic Algerian Basin. The maximum thickness of syn-rift sediments is similar to 3.5 km, and the oldest recorded deposits are Serravallian. The WNW-ESE Yusuf fault formed a buttress separating and accommodating variable extension between two different tectonic domains: the thinned continental crust of Alboran and the oceanic spreading of the Algerian Basin. Late Tortonian to present-day NW-SE Africa/Eurasia plate convergence drove shortening and reactivation of some of the earlier extensional structures as reverse and strike-slip faults, forming complex, compartmentalised subbasins. Tectonic inversion coexisted with the formation of new faults and folds. Inversion was partial along the Habibas Basin and Al-Idrisi fault, but complete along the Alboran Ridge, where some SW-NE trending faults were perpendicular to the recent NW-SE plate convergence and were reactivated as thrusts. The WNW-ESE Yusuf fault is oblique to the convergence vector, and therefore, reactivation is mainly expressed as transpressional deformation. Volcanic rocks intruded along the Alboran Ridge and Yusuf faults during the latest stages of extension formed rheological anisotropies that localised the later inversion.

(1) Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CISC-Granada University), Armilla, Spain (carmina@ugr.es), (2) Department of Geosciences – Geochemistry, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands, (3) Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany, (4) MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Bremen, Germany, (5) Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain, (6) ICBM Oldenburg, Germany, (7) IMAU-Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands, (8) Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Ciencias de la Tierra (CEACTierra), University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain

espanolProponemos una reconstruccion a 9 Ma (Tortoniense superior) del Sistema del Arco de Gibraltar (SAG), basada en la datacion de los pliegues y cabalgamientos asociados al acortamiento principal en las zonas externas, su patron estructural, y las relaciones del mismo con las rotaciones de eje vertical de bloques, puestas de manifiesto a partir de datos paleomagneticos previos (remagnetizacion Neogena). Eso nos permite identificar dominios homogeneos en cuanto a relaciones temporales entre eventos deformacionales y rotaciones. Dichas rotaciones tuvieron lugar entre 9 Ma y el Presente y alcanzan hasta 52o. Nuestra reconstruccion muestra que a partir de 9 Ma, las rotaciones, junto con la convergencia de placas produjeron el apretamiento del SAG y modificaron drasticamente su geometria. Como la orientacion y posicion de cualquier indicador cinematico o elemento estructural previo a 9 Ma habra variados, nuestra reconstruccion debe ser utilizada como punto de partida para cualquier modelo que pretenda reconstruir el SAG en tiempos anteriores al Tortoniense superior. EnglishWe propose a reconstruction for 9 Ma (Late Tortonian) of the Gibraltar Arc System (GAS) based on the dating of the folds and thrusts associated with the main shortening event in the external wedge, their structural pattern and the relationships of this pattern with vertical-axis block rotations evidenced by previous paleomagnetic data (Neogene remagnetization). These relationships permit us to identify homogeneous domains in terms of relationships between timing of deformation events and rotations. These latter took place from 9 Ma to Present and can be as high as 52o. Our reconstruction shows that from 9 Ma onwards, these rotations together with plate convergence produced the tightening of the GAS and modified drastically its geometry. Since the orientation and position of pre-9 Ma kinematic indicator or structural element is also modified, our reconstruction should be used as starting point for any pre-Late Tortonian model of the GAS.

We proposed a reconstruction of one of the tightest orogenic arcs on Earth: the Gibraltar Arc System. This reconstruction, which includes onshore and offshore data, is completed for approximately 9Ma. The clues that lead us to draw it are based on a review in terms of structures and age of the superposed deformational events that took place during Miocene, with special attention to the external zones. This review and new structural data presented in this paper permit us to constrain the timing of vertical axis-rotations evidenced by previously published paleomagnetic data, and to identify homogeneous domains in terms of relationships between timing of deformation events, (re)magnetization and rotations. In particular, remagnetization in the Betics took place after the main shortening which produced the external fold-and-thrust belts (pre-upper Miocene), but was mostly previous to a contractive reorganization that affected the whole area; it should have occurred during lower Tortonian (between 9.9 and 11Ma). From Tortonian to Present, block-rotations as high as 53° took place. Together with plate convergence, they accommodated a tightening and lengthening of the Gibraltar Arc System and drastically altered its geometry. As the orientation and position of any pre-9Ma kinematic indicator or structural element is also modified, our reconstruction should be used as starting point for any pre-Tortonian model of the westernmost orogenic segment of the Alpine-Mediterranean system.

The Palomares Margin, an NNE-SSW segment of the South Iberian Margin located between the Alboran and the Algerian-Balearic basins, is dissected by two major submarine canyon systems: the Gata (in the South) and the Alias-Almanzora (in the North). New swath bathymetry, side-scan sonar images, accompanied by 5 kHz and TOPAS subbottom profiles, allow us to recognize these canyons as Mediterranean examples of medium-sized turbidite systems developed in a tectonically active margin.The Gata Turbidite System is confined between residual basement seamounts and exhibits incised braided channels that feed a discrete deep-sea fan, which points to a dominantly coarse-grained turbiditic system. The Alias-Almanzora Turbidite System, larger and less confined, is a good example of nested turbiditic system within the canyon. Concentric sediment waves characterize the Allas-Almanzora deep-sea fan, and the size and acoustic character of these bedforms suggest a fine-grained turbidite system. Both canyons are deeply entrenched on a narrow continental shelf and terminate at the base of the continental slope as channels that feed deep sea fans. While the Allas-Almanzora Turbidite System is the offshore continuation of seasonal rivers, the Gata Turbidite System is exclusively formed by headward erosion along the continental slope. In both cases, left-lateral transpressive deformation influences their location, longitudinal profiles, incision at the upper sections, and canyon bending associated with specific fault segments. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The continental shelf of NW Iberia is of particular interest due to the complex North Atlantic rifting tectonics and modern oceanographic processes that led to its current geomorphological configuration and sediment dynamics. The shelf forms a narrow slow-dipping north-bearing geomorphological structure with a well-defined shelf break located at water depths of 160-180 m. It is a continental margin with sedimentation rates of about 1.5 +/- 2.0 mm a(-1) (the highest values in recent bottom sediments of the ria) subjected to a highly energetic seasonal regime of waves and tides, seasonal upwelling and coast-parallel currents, significantly modulated by the North Atlantic Oscillation. Sediment provenance is dominated by inputs of continental sediments via runoff and riverine discharges and, to a lesser extent, by an upwelling-enhanced bioclastic input. Present-day sedimentation in the area occurs closely associated with two geomorphologically distinct sedimentary environments: the rias inner shelf sedimentary systems and the open continental shelf, and their subsequent evolution since the last glacial.

Abstract The continental shelf of NW Iberia is of particular interest due to the complex North Atlantic rifting tectonics and modern oceanographic processes that led to its current geomorphological configuration and sediment dynamics. The shelf forms a narrow slow-dipping north-bearing geomorphological structure with a well-defined shelf break located at water depths of 160–180 m. It is a continental margin with sedimentation rates of about 1.5±2.0 mm a−1 (the highest values in recent bottom sediments of the ría) subjected to a highly energetic seasonal regime of waves and tides, seasonal upwelling and coast-parallel currents, significantly modulated by the North Atlantic Oscillation. Sediment provenance is dominated by inputs of continental sediments via runoff and riverine discharges and, to a lesser extent, by an upwelling-enhanced bioclastic input. Present-day sedimentation in the area occurs closely associated with two geomorphologically distinct sedimentary environments: the rías inner shelf sedimentary systems and the open continental shelf, and their subsequent evolution since the last glacial.

Abstract. Mud volcanoes (MVs) are the most prominent indicators of active methane/hydrocarbon venting at the seafloor on both passive and active continental margins. Their occurrence in the western Mediterranean is patent at the West Alboran Basin, where numerous MVs develop overlaying a major sedimentary depocentre containing overpressured shales. Although some of these MVs have been studied, the detailed biogeochemistry of expelled mud so far has not been examined in detail. This work provides the first results on the composition and origin of organic matter, anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) processes and general characteristics on MV dynamics using lipid biomarkers as the main tool. Lipid biomarker analysis was performed on MV expelled material (mud breccias) and interbedded hemipelagic sediments from Perejil, Kalinin and Schneider's Heart MVs located in the northwest margin of the Alboran Sea. The n alkane distributions and n alkane-derived indices (CPI and ACL), in combination with the epimerization degree of hopanes (22S/(22S+22R)) indicate that all studied mud breccia have a similar biomarker composition consisting of mainly thermally immature organic matter with an admixture of petroleum-derived compounds. This concordant composition indicates that common source strata must feed all three studied MVs. The past or present AOM activity was established using lipid biomarkers specific for anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (irregular isoprenoids and dialkyl glycerol diethers) and the depleted carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of crocetane/phytane. The presence of these lipid biomarkers, together with the low amounts of detected glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers, is consistent with the dominance of anaerobic methanotrophs of the ANME-2 over ANME-1, at least in mud breccia from Perejil MVs. In contrast, the scarce presence or lack of these AOM-related lipid biomarkers in sediments from Kalinin and Schneider's Heart MVs, suggests that no recent active methane seepage has occurred at these sites. Moreover, the observed methane concentrations support the current activity of Perejil MV, and the very low methane seepage activity in Kalinin and Schneider's Heart MVs.