The ancient Ayurvedic procedure of Kshara Karma has been recognized by Acharyas as a valuable treatment option for effectively managing hemorrhoids (Arshas). Kshara Karma is a para-surgical procedure in Ayurveda that utilizes caustic alkaline substances to manage anorectal conditions. Acharya Sushruta outlines Kshara Karma under arsho chikitsa adhyaya. Arsho chikitsa incorporates a four-part treatment modality, comprising medication (bheshaja), caustic alkaline therapy (kshara), thermal cauterization (agni), and surgical intervention (sastra). Prathisaraneeya kshara treatment is indicated for hemorrhoids characterized by being soft, extensive, deep-seated, and protruding. Kshara is a potent alkaline caustic substance derived from the ash of specific medicinal plants. It is the most crucial instrument among shastra and anusastra, as it performs functions like excision, cutting and scraping. It also effectively balances all three doshas (Vata, Pitta and Kapha). Moreover, Kşhara requires specialized techniques for its application. Also studies proves that prathisaraneeya kshara effectively treats hemorrhoids through its corrosive properties.

Background and aim: Guggulu is a resinous exudate obtained from the plant Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhand., which is used in Ayurvedic medicines for various ailments like anti-inflammatory conditions, hyperlipidemia, thyroid disorders etc. Guggulsterones E and Z are responsible for these broad ranges of pharmacological actions. Before incorporating it into medicinal formulations, shodhana (purification) has to be performed, which is a unique concept in Ayurveda. It covers the process of removal of physical and chemical impurities and also improves the efficacy of a drug. Many Shodhana (purification) procedures for Guggulu in different liquid media are mentioned in various Ayurvedic classical texts. Anandakanda, an Ayurvedic text, emphasises the purification of Guggulu in tila thaila (sesame oil) using a specialised apparatus, Dolayantra (swinging apparatus). The present study aims to carry out the preliminary physicochemical and phytochemical screening, quantification of Guggulsterones E and Z using HPTLC and GC-MS analysis of crude and purified Guggulu. Results: Significant variations were found in physicochemical and phytochemical parameters. Organoleptic evaluation showed notable variations in the physical characters. Before and after shodhana (purification), the mean concentrations of Guggulsterone E and Z revealed significant increase (at p<0.01). Few new compounds had been introduced to the purified Guggulu, according to the results of the GC-MS analysis. Conclusion: The traditional purification might have improved the physical features and phytochemical profileof Guggulu

Carica papaya is one among the exotic plants in India which were introduced to the Indian subcontinent by the Portuguese in the 16th century. Thus, it is not mentioned in the Ayurvedic classical treatises. But the probable medicinal potential can't be ignored. A 43 year old male approached the OPD with a non healing ulcer over the medial malleolus of the right lower limb with a complex and relapsing history of 5 years. As the wound showed delayed signs of healing, unripe fruits of carica papaya were used for the dressing. This was found to be effective in reducing slough formation, inducing healthy granulation tissue and thereby promoting the healing rate

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia is a non-malignant enlargement of the prostate gland caused by excessive growth of prostatic tissue. The main symptoms of BPH include hesitancy, frequency, urgency, weak stream urination, straining and nocturia. These together termed as LUTS. We cannot see a single disease in Ayurveda which shows all the features of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Mutragranthi is one among the 12 types of Mutraghatas which can be compared with benign prostatic hyperplasia due to its similarities in morphological, anatomical, and clinical features. Lower urinary symptoms in patients are very troublesome which affects their daily routine and sleep pattern and a negative impact on their quality of life. Embarrassment and the treatment cost prevent them to take timely treatment. In modern system of medicines, the treatment of BPH is done by conservative and surgical therapies. These methods have significant complications and are too expensive. Karkatibeejadi churna is mentioned in Bhaishajyaratnavali in Mutraghata prakarana. The ingredients of this Choorna are easily available and easy to prepare and consume. This case study was done in a participant of age 67 years with symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia which was confirmed by USG in search of an effective, cost effective conservative treatment. The Choorna was given for 60 days and assessments were done on 0th, 16th 31st, 46th and 61st days and the result showed significant reduction in symptoms, prostate volume and post void residual urine of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Radiculopathy, commonly referred as pinched nerve, refers to a set of conditions in which one or more nerves are affected and their functioning is hampered. Cervical radiculopathy is a clinical condition resulting from compression of nerve roots due to disc herniation or degenerative stenosis which leads to neck pain, numbness and radiating arm pain in the distribution of the affected nerve root. Often this radicular pain is accompanied by motor or sensory disturbances also. The main treatments available are use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, epidural steroid injection and surgery in the last stages. But the side effects of NSAID’s, incomplete neurologic recovery, loss of full cervical range of movement and surgical complications are the main hurdle in the management of cervical radiculopathy. In Ayurvedic classics, clinical picture of cervical radiculopathy can be explained under the heading of Viswachi. It is a Vatavyadhi mainly affecting the Kandaras leading to restricted movements and loss of function of upper limb. At present, there is no specific treatment procedure, which can offer quick relief of pain and other associated symptoms of cervical radiculopathy. Acharya Susruta mentioned Siravedha in the management of Viswachi. It is one of the most effective methods of Rakthamoksha by which vitiated Doshas can be eliminated in a faster way. In the present study, 150ml of blood was withdrawn from corresponding cephalic vein as a onetime procedure. Assessments were done before procedure, immediately after procedure, on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day after procedure. The results showed Siravedha is an effective treatment procedure in the management of Viswachi.

In the modern era, ano rectal diseases are increasing day by day due to the changes in life style especially the food habits. Fistula in ano is one among them. It is a chronic illness which is, though not fatal but quite discomforting and troublesome to the patient and often puts a deep impact on the quality of life of a patient. Fistula in ano is a track lined by granulation tissue which connects peri anal skin superficially to anal canal, ano rectum or rectum deeply. The main clinical symptoms consist of pain, swelling and pus discharge. Due to higher recurrence rate and postoperative complication, fistula-in-ano is a headache in current surgical practice. Bhagandara which is described in Ayurveda classics can be correlated with Fistula in ano. Ksharasuthra therapy is a parasurgical procedure in Ayurveda which is found more effective in the management of fistula in ano. Even after Ksharasuthra application, pus discharge from fistulous tract delays the healing and makes the post operative period more difficult. So there is a need a of some adjuvant drug which can manage these problems in a better way and promote healing process by reducing the microbial load.Uthamadi Choorna is mentioned in Bhagandara prathishedha adhyayam in Ashtamga hrdaya and it contains Guggulu, Thriphala, Khadira and Asana which are having various chemical constituents that showed antimicrobial activity in pharmacological studies. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Uthamadi choorna during Ksharasuthra therapy in Bhagandara.

Lumbar disc herniation is a major health problem, affecting the most productive population globally. It has closest resemblance with Gridhrasi mentioned in Ayurvedic classics. Treatments available in conventional sciences have limitations such as relapse of acute episodes. Here an effort was made to treat a case of L5-S1 disc extrusion with radiculopathy using a comprehensive Ayurveda treatment protocol. The protocol includes a set of treatment procedures along with certain internal medicines. Changes were analysed with the help of VAS scale, SLRT and Oswestry disability index and showed significant improvements. This case is an evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of Ayurveda treatments in case of LDH with radiculopathy.

A novel structured cadmium complex based on barbiturate ligand has been synthesized at room temperature by gel diffusion technique. The prepared crystals were characterised by FTIR, PXRD, thermogravimetric and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. SCXRD analysis reveals that the complex belongs to orthorhombic crystal structure with space group Ibam. The optical properties were studied from UV Visible and photoluminescence spectra. The band gap of the CdB crystals was found to be 3 eV by tauc's plot and the corresponding refractive index obtained is 1.244. The crystal shows broad emission than that of its ligand (BA) in the entire visible region. The color corresponding to maximum emission of both ligand and CdB crystals were indicated by CIE chromaticity diagram. The response of CdB crystal against applied electric field is characterised by dielectric measurements. The values of penn gap and Fermi energies were calculated. The antimicrobial activities of the complex CdB against various bacteria have been investigated and then compared it with the corresponding ligand (BA). The results showed that the complex had stronger antibacterial activities than the ligand. (c) 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V.

The prevalence of lifestyle diseases like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity, has been exponentially increasing. Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is a lifestyle disorder that has become a major public-health challenge around the world, owing to rising obesity and sedentary lifestyles. Abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia were the common pathological conditions involved in MS. Ayurveda is the science intended for employing the measures of healthy life. There is no direct reference of metabolic syndrome in Ayurveda classics. Different scholars have different opinion about the nearest possible diseases. Some scholars included it in Medapradooshaja vikaras, while others classified it as Sthoulya upadravas or Avaranajanya vikaras. In Charaka Samhita, lack of physical activity and unhealthy eating habits which are the causes of lifestyle diseases are mentioned in Santharpaneeyam adhyayam. Aetiology and symptomatology of Santharpanajanya vikaras shows a remarkable similarity with metabolic syndrome, since it includes sedentary lifestyle and dietary factors. Therefore, MS can be included under the broad umbrella of Santhartanajanya vikaras and Ayurveda can put forward a better management strategy by reassessing the metabolic syndrome on the basis of Santharpanajanya vikaras

A 41-year-old male patient radiologically diagnosed as a case of avascular necrosis of head of both femur with Grade 2 of Ficat and Arlet classification, presented with the following chief complaints of pain in both hip joints, more on left side, of Harris Hip score was 66 and associated with decreased range of movements with slight limping. This presentation was correlated with Asthikshayaja vyadhi and treated accordingly. Initially, patient had been administered dipana and pacana followed by snehapana and koshtasodhana by virechana. Further panchathikthaka ksheera vasthi (medicated enema prepared with milk and ghee) was administered. This resulted with improvement of Harris hip score to 91.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy of upper extremity. It affects approximately 3% of the general adult population in the world. Women are three times more likely to have CTS than men. In conventional system, medications such as corticosteroids, Non-Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, etc., are used in management of carpal tunnel syndrome. Surgical decompression of carpal tunnel is the main stay of treatment for CTS. The structures involved in carpal tunnel is mainly the tendons, ligaments and nerves which can closely related with Snayu, thus Carpal tunnel syndrome can be correlated with Snayugata vata affecting Manibandhasandhi. Dahanopkarana used for Vatavyadi affecting Snayu, Sandhi, Asthi are Kshaudra, Guda, Sneha. Agnikarma with Snigdha dravyas have more penetrating capacity than Rooksha dravyas like Shalaka. So, Taptaguda is taken in the present study to assess the effect of Agnikarma in carpal tunnel syndrome. Here the patient was treated with Agnikarma using Taptaguda over the most painful and tender points. Assessments were done before treatment, after treatment, 7th day, 15th day and 30th day. The result showed Agnikarma with Taptha guda was effective in treating Carpal tunnel syndrome

Ayurveda literatures include the descriptions of many drugs in terms of their names, properties and therapeutic usage. But there are many drugs, despite their medicinal value and wide usage among ethnic groups, left unrecorded in the classical texts. These drugs are generally termed as Anukta dravya. Action of Anukta dravya can be explained with its rasapanchaka viz. Rasa (taste), Guna (quality), Veerya (potency), Vipaka (transformation) and Prabhava (special action). Among these attributes of a drug, Rasa is the only parameter which can be assessed by direct perception. Cissus latifolia Lam. is an extra-pharmacopoeial drug with several ethnomedicinal claims. So the Rasa analysis of Cissus latifolia Lam. was done in 30 volunteers using a structured questionnaire. On analysing the data, it was found to have Kashaya rasa (astringent) and Tikta anurasa (bitter).

The current decade has witnessed a surge of progress in the investigation of methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskites for solar cell fabrication due to their intriguing electro-optical properties, despite the intrinsic degradation of the material that has restricted its commercialisation. As a promising alternative, solar cells based on its formamidinium analogue, FAPbI3, are currently being actively pursued for having demonstrated a certified efficiency of 24.4%, while the room-temperature conversion to a non-perovskite δ-phase impedes its further commercialisation, and strategies have been adopted to overcome this phase instability. An in-depth and real-time understanding of microstructural relationships with optoelectronic properties and their underlying mechanisms using operando in situ spectroscopic techniques is paramount. Thus, the design and development of a new process, data driven methodology, characterization and evaluation protocols for perovskite absorber layers and the fabricated devices is a judicious research direction. Here, in this perspective, we shed light on the compositional, surface engineering and crystallization kinetics manipulations for FAPbI3, followed by a proposition for unified testing protocols, for scalling of devices from the lab to the market.

Abstract Background Guggulu is an oleo gum resin obtained from the plant Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhand., used in Ayurved ic medicines for various ailments like anti-inflammatory conditions, hyperlipidemia, thyroid disorders etc. Guggulsterones E & Z are responsible for these broad ranges of pharmacological actions. It is recommended to do Shodhana (purification) before incorporating it into medicinal formulations. Sahasrayoga, an Ayurvedic text, emphasizes the purification of Guggulu in a particular media, which is a long run practice in Kerala. Objectives To compare the physicochemical and phytochemical parameters, quantitative estimation of Guggulsterone E & Z using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and qualitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of Guggulu before and after purification. Methods Shodhana of Guggulu was performed in Water boiled with crushed fresh leaves of Neem (Azadirachta indica) and fresh rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa) using a special equipment (Dolayantra). Preliminary physicochemical and phytochemical evaluation, quantification of Guggulsterones E & Z using HPTLC and GC-MS analysis of raw and purified Guggulu were performed. Results Phytochemical evaluation of metabolites revealed marked variations. The mean concentrations of Guggulsterone E & Z showed significant differences before and after purification (p<0.01). On GC-MS analysis, it was found that few new compounds were added in the purified Guggulu. Conclusions Therapeutic efficacy of Guggulu might have enhanced after traditional purification.

Emerald coloured crystal of copper complex of barbituric acid (CuB) (C8H10CuN4O9) is grown by conventional gel method. The crystal structure is orthorhombic with space group Fdd2 and has unit cell dimensions a = 11.6951(7) Å, b = 30.1113(19) Å, c = 7.1767(7) Å and α = β = γ = 90°. Analysis of the crystal by Hall–Williomson plot revealed the strain free nature of the grown crystals. Identification of the functional groups by FTIR and the study of thermal behaviour of the crystal by TGA/DTA were done.The optical band gap is determined as 1.57 eV from UV–visible absorption studies. The photoluminescence study provides information about the structural quality and purity of the crystal. Antibacterial studies of the sample revealed its medicinal applications. The high hardness value of the crystal is identified by Vickers micro hardness test.

Humboldtia vahliana Wight, Ic.tt belongs to the family Caesalpiniaceae is an unarmed erect small tree, commonly called as Attuvanchi in Malayalam. Stem bark which is used in the treatment of apasmara by tribal healers of Urulanthanni area, Ernakulum district in Kerala, India. Apasmara of Ayurveda aptly comes under the epilepsy of modern literature, especially under tonic-clonic / generalized seizure. Epilepsy (Apasmara) is an electrical disturbance resulting from sudden, recurrent, and disorderly discharge of neurotransmitter in brain cells. The prevalence of epilepsy has been estimated at 5-10 persons per1000. In this study ghee prepared with Humboldtia vahliana (GHV) was tested for chronic anticonvulsant effect by Maximal electro shock seizure test in female wistar albino rats (150-200mg). The experiment was carried out with 5 groups having 6 albino rats per group. ‘Phenytoin’ was given to the standard group. Group I, III, IV, V were given distilled water, vehicle (cow’s ghee), effective dose of GHV, double dose of GHV respectively. Complete abolition or reduction time (in seconds) of hind limb extension is considered as anticonvulsant activity of drug. At the end of experiment effective dose of GHV and double dose of GHV showed significant chronic anticonvulsant action as compared with vehicle and control. Group IV (effective dose) was able to reduce the Time of Tonic Hind Limb extension (THE) by 44.34%with p value 0.007 (compare with control). Group V (double dose) was able to reduce the Time of Tonic Hind Limb extension by 59.53% with p value 0.004 (compared with control). This change was statistically significant at p<0.05.

31Jul 2017 PHYSICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF COMMERCIAL SAMPLES OF DRIED FRUIT RIND OF AMALAKI(PHYLLANTHUS EMBLICA LINN.) PROCURED FROM HERBAL DRUG MARKET IN KERALA,INDIA. Amina R H , Jolly kutty Eapen and M S Deepa. Department of Dravyagunavijnanam, Govt. Ayurveda College, Thiruvananthapuram,695001, Kerala, India.