Norman Bethune was born in 1890, in Gravenhurst (Ontario, Canada). Thereafter a strong surgical training, he implied in thoracic surgery and fight against tuberculosis. His political opinions led him to join the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War. He played an important part in the development of blood transfusion on the battlefield. Then he joined China with communist troops and therein developed surgical units and accelerated training for health personal. He died of septicemia in 1939. (C) 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Neurodegenerative disorders represent a wide group of diseases affecting the central and/or peripheral nervous system. Many of these disorders were described in the 19th century, but our genetic knowledge of them is recent (over the past 25 years). However, the continual discovery of disease-causing gene mutations has led to difficulties in the classification of these diseases. For this reason, our present proposals for updating and simplifying the classification of some of these conditions (Charcot–Marie–Tooth diseases, distal hereditary motor neuropathies, hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies, hereditary spastic ataxias, hereditary spastic paraplegias and hereditary spastic ataxias) are expounded here.

L’anesthésie-réanimation (AR) est une spécialité nécessitant une compétence technique élevée et la capacité à gérer des situations aiguës incompatibles avec une altération psychique ou physique habituellement attribuée au vieillissement ou à la maladie. La question du maintien en activité à un âge où la réduction puis la cessation d’activité sont habituellement la règle, est clairement posée. La tendance est à la prolongation d’activité en réduisant le temps et la complexité du travail. Les études de l’aéronautique confirment la capacité d’adaptation du personnel senior. La compétence plutôt que la retraite obligatoire en raison de l’âge devrait être le facteur déterminant quant à savoir si les médecins sont en mesure de poursuivre leur pratique.

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Acta Anaesthesiologica ScandinavicaVolume 58, Issue 4 p. 499-500 Letter to the Editor Do not stop publishing case reports M.E. GENTILI, M.E. GENTILISearch for more papers by this authorC. LENTSCHENER, Corresponding Author C. LENTSCHENER Address: Claude Lentschener Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Faculté de Médecine, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris Université Paris-Descartes Hôpital Cochin, EA 3623 27 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques 75679 Paris Cedex 14 France e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author M.E. GENTILI, M.E. GENTILISearch for more papers by this authorC. LENTSCHENER, Corresponding Author C. LENTSCHENER Address: Claude Lentschener Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Faculté de Médecine, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris Université Paris-Descartes Hôpital Cochin, EA 3623 27 rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques 75679 Paris Cedex 14 France e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 03 March 2014 https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.12284Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. References 1 Favaloro EJ. Measuring the quality of journals and journal articles: the impact factor tells but a portion of the story. Semin Thromb Hemost 2008; 34: 7–25. 10.1055/s-2008-1066030 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 2 Shafer SL. Anesthesia and analgesia case reports. Anesth Analg 2013; 116: 513–514. 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182825fdd PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 3 Sessler DI, Devereaux PJ. Emerging trends in clinical trial design. Anesth Analg 2013; 116: 258–261. 10.1213/ANE.0b013e318270036d PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 4 Bigelow HJ. Insensibility during surgical operations produced by inhalation. Boston Med Surg J 1846; 35: 309–317. 10.1056/NEJM184611180351601 Google Scholar 5 Koller C. On the use of cocaïne for producing anaesthesia on the eye. Lancet 1884; 2: 990. 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)28859-5 Google Scholar 6 Bier A. Versuche über cocainisirung des rückenmarkes. Dtsch Z Chir 1899; 51: 361–369. 10.1007/BF02792160 Google Scholar 7 Pagès F. Anestesia metamérica". Revista de Sanidad Militar (in Spanish). 1921; 11: 351–354. Google Scholar 8 Saidman LJ, Havard ES, Eger EI 2nd. Hyperthermia during anesthesia. JAMA 1964; 190: 1029–1032. 10.1001/jama.1964.03070250011002 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 9 Haller I, Hausott B, Tomaselli B, Keller C, Klimaschewski L, Gerner P, Lirk P. Neurotoxicity of lidocaine involves specific activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, but not extracellular signal-regulated or c-jun N-terminal kinases, and is mediated by arachidonic acid metabolites. Anesthesiology 2006; 105: 1024–1033. 10.1097/00000542-200611000-00025 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 10 Lentschener C, Roche K, Ozier Y. A review of aprotinin in orthotopic liver transplantation. Can its harmful effects offset its beneficial effects. Anesth Analg 2005; 100: 1248–1255. 10.1213/01.ANE.0000148125.12008.9A CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 11 Lentschener C, Benhamou D. A mydriasis unnoticed preoperatively. Anesthesiology 1998; 88: 284. 10.1097/00000542-199801000-00057 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 12 Ashes C, Judelman S, Wijeysundera DN, Tait G, Mazer CD, Hare GM, Beattie WS. Selective 1-antagonism with bisoprolol is associated with fewer postoperative strokes than atenolol or metoprolol. A single-center cohort study of 44 092 consecutive patients. Anesthesiology 2013; 119: 777–787. 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3182a17f12 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Volume58, Issue4April 2014Pages 499-500 ReferencesRelatedInformation

European Journal of Pain SupplementsVolume 5, Issue S1 p. 102-102 T725 ULTRASOUND GUIDED EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA VERSUS STANDARD LOSS OF RESISTANCE TECHNIQUE IN OBESE PATIENTS A. Gnaho, A. Gnaho Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Hǒpital d'Instruction des Armées Begin, Saint-MandéSearch for more papers by this authorA. Cirodde, A. Cirodde Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Hǒpital d'Instruction des Armées Begin, Saint-MandéSearch for more papers by this authorC. Lemarec, C. Lemarec Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Hǒpital d'Instruction des Armées Begin, Saint-MandéSearch for more papers by this authorP. Chazalon, P. Chazalon Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Hǒpital d'Instruction des Armées Begin, Saint-MandéSearch for more papers by this authorD. Jost, D. Jost Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Hǒpital d'Instruction des Armées Begin, Saint-MandéSearch for more papers by this authorM.E. Gentili, M.E. Gentili Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Centre Hospitalier Privé Saint Grégoire, Saint-Grégoire, FranceSearch for more papers by this author A. Gnaho, A. Gnaho Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Hǒpital d'Instruction des Armées Begin, Saint-MandéSearch for more papers by this authorA. Cirodde, A. Cirodde Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Hǒpital d'Instruction des Armées Begin, Saint-MandéSearch for more papers by this authorC. Lemarec, C. Lemarec Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Hǒpital d'Instruction des Armées Begin, Saint-MandéSearch for more papers by this authorP. Chazalon, P. Chazalon Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Hǒpital d'Instruction des Armées Begin, Saint-MandéSearch for more papers by this authorD. Jost, D. Jost Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Hǒpital d'Instruction des Armées Begin, Saint-MandéSearch for more papers by this authorM.E. Gentili, M.E. Gentili Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Centre Hospitalier Privé Saint Grégoire, Saint-Grégoire, FranceSearch for more papers by this author First published: 30 January 2012 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1754-3207(11)70348-0Citations: 2Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume5, IssueS1September 2011Pages 102-102 RelatedInformation

Objective - Implant placement Essure (TM) sterilization procedure for women were performed under hypnosedation (HYP) and compared to the operative anxiety and analgesia of 12 patients operated-on under general anesthesia (GA)Study design - Prospective and comparative group studyPatients and methods - Two groups of twelve patients were matched and compared based on the choice of anesthetic technique hypnotics (HYP) with possible additional sedation by propofol and remifentanil or GA involving propofol sevoflurane and remifentanil The assessment of anxiety and pain based on a visual analogy scale (0-10) and use of analgesics were studied in the recovery room and at discharge of hospital The statistical analysis relies on nonparametric tests for paired data (Wilcoxon test)Results - All patients were operated The two groups are statistically comparable The preoperative anxiety before premedication is lower in the HYP group (p < 0 05) No conversion to general anaesthesia is necessary in the HYP group but five patients were using sedatives drugs but doses are very low compared to general anaesthesia The analgesic consumption was equivalent in both groupsConclusion - We conclude that hypnosedation is a valuable alternative to traditional anesthetic techniques for ambulatory Essure (TM) implant The use of hypnotic tool is an interesting alternative for the management of patients during invasive medical procedures or surgical providing psychological benefits to the patient (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS

La chirurgie plastique connaît un développement important, c’est un domaine d’application des blocs de la face. Les indications chirurgicales sont multiples, dont un nombre important peut être pratiqué en ambulatoire. Après quelques rappels anatomiques, les techniques d’anesthésie locorégionale appliquées à chaque type de chirurgie sont détaillées. La réalisation de ces blocs obéit aux règles générales de toute anesthésie, en particulier en ce qui concerne la surveillance clinique et l’asepsie.

Plastic surgery is more and more developing. Facial blocks are adapted to surgical procedures performed in this setting. They are easy to perform and may prolong postoperative analgesia. Facial blocks may be used in ambulatory surgery as a single technique or combined with general anaesthesia or intravenous sedation. After a reminding of facial nerve anatomy, facial and cervical blocks are described with their indications. Guidelines for performance and monitoring are also indicated.

Si l'espérance de vie augmente en France (82,5 ans en moyenne), l'espérance de vie en bonne santé est d'environ 20 ans de moins. Ces chiffres sont stables depuis 10 ans. Le vieillissement est un processus naturel qui s'accompagne de douleurs chroniques ou aiguës, ayant un retentissement sur la qualité de vie. La population âgée présente des situations variables en matière de santé, mais dont la douleur est souvent une constante. La douleur physique altère la qualité de vie et peut modifier un état général souvent précaire. De plus, l'âge est à l'origine de changements physiologiques et psychologiques. Des changements pharmacocinétiques et pharmacodynamiques compliquent l'utilisation de certains médicaments antalgiques. L'âge est aussi confronté à la maladie cancéreuse où la douleur est omniprésente. Certaines pathologies, comme le diabète et l'artérite, sont à l'origine de lésions cutanées des membres inférieurs. Enfin, la polymédication des personnes âgées, liée à la multiplication des pathologies du vieillissement, complique leur prise en charge. L'anesthésie locorégionale à visée analgésique, par cathéter périnerveux de longue durée, permet un soulagement puissant et efficace de la douleur, sans interférer avec les autres médicaments. Elle s'adapte aux modifications physiologiques du vieillissement. Elle permet aux soignants de faire des pansements sans douleur, améliorant ainsi la qualité des soins et la qualité de vie des patients. La suppression des réseaux de santé en 2019 nécessite l'intervention de prestataires de santé. Malgré leur efficacité et leur innocuité, ces techniques sont encore confidentielles à domicile du fait d'une législation en retard.While life expectancy is increasing in France (82.5 years on average), life expectancy in good health is around 20 years less. These figures have been stable for 10 years. Aging is a natural process that is accompanied by chronic or acute pain, having an impact on the quality of life. The elderly population presents variable health situations, but pain is often a constant. Physical pain affects the quality of life and can change an often precarious general condition. In addition, age is the cause of physiological and psychological changes. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes complicate the use of some analgesic drugs. Age is also faced with cancerous disease where pain is omnipresent. Certain pathologies, such as diabetes and arteritis, cause skin lesions in the lower limbs. Finally, the poly-medication of the elderly linked to the multiplication of aging pathologies complicates their management. Locoregional analgesic anesthesia, via a long-lasting peri-nerve catheter, provides powerful and effective pain relief without interfering with other medications. It adapts to the physiological changes of aging. It allows caregivers to make dressings without pain, thus improving the quality of care and the quality of life of patients. The elimination of health networks in 2019 requires the intervention of health providers. Despite their effectiveness and harmlessness, these techniques are still confidential at home due to backlogged legislation.

Local anesthetics when injected intravascularly result in serious cardiac complications including therapy-resistant cardiac arrest. We report a case of cardiac arrest after lumbar plexus block using a combination of 0.5% bupivacaine and 2% lidocaine with epinephrine (1:200.000). Resuscitation was performed by a combination of chest compression, repeated external countershocks and i.v.epinephrine. Clonidine had poor effect. The whole resuscitation required 90 minutes. The patient was discharged four days later without any sequelae. Blood sampling at 10 minutes showed a concentration of 2.02 mg/l lidocaine and 0.87 mg/l bupivacaine. Prolonged resuscitation is necessary in local anesthetic-induced cardiac arrest.