In this paper, we demonstrate a unique FET system composed of vertically aligned MoS2nanosheets for real time, label free monitoring of zeta potential and dimension of mesenchymal stem cells during proliferation. To avoid the interference from non-specifically adsorbed macromolecules, a time varying electric field with an optimized frequency of 10 kHz has been applied at the gate and effective gate bias has been estimated from the real time drain current measurement in an electrical double layer gated cell-coupled FET platform. Special signal patterns corresponding to the alterations in the cell membrane potential have been observed. Extraction of cell parameters from the experimental observations, using closed set of equations reveal that the results correlate well with the gold standards and a high transconductance has enabled tracking of cell count with sufficient accuracy. The MoS2 FET signal has been compared with the pH change of the cell culture medium and the signal follows the cell proliferation related activity more closely than the pH change. Thus, it may be expected that this platform can substitute the existing time consuming and laborious methods.

The integration of different dimensional materials to form heterojunctions for efficient gas sensing applications has attracted worldwide efforts. These heterojunctions are the basis of todayʼs practical gas sensors for detecting a small concentration of various gases. Therefore, this chapter presents a comprehensive study of the sensing performance of different types of heterojunctions. However, the heterojunctions with at least one 2D material are more popular than any other combination. In these kinds of heterojunctions, the conventional constraints of lattice matching are relaxed, and a higher value of surface sensitivity is achieved. These heterojunctions also offer a higher degree of controllability and tunability with improved device features. Moreover, in these heterojunctions-based sensors, the applied gate voltage tunability provides an extra degree of freedom to modulate the interface at the heterojunction. Even a small change in barrier height or depletion width at the heterointerface results in a very large change in resistance, and hence excellent sensing response was achieved in these sensors. This chapter also includes the detailed sensing mechanism of mixed dimensional heterojunction-based gas sensors for a deeper understanding of device physics.

The present study was conducted to know the status of Bovine herpes virus-1(BHV-1) antibodies in the bovine population of the selected districts of Uttarakhand. Total 489 serum samples, 392 of cattle and 97 of buffaloes were collected from the unvaccinated bovine population with history of respiratory/reproductive disorders from five districts viz., Dehradun, Haridwar, Nainital, Pithoragarh and U.S. Nagar were tested by micro Serum Neutralization Test (mSNT). The overall prevalence observed was25.15%. At district level, highest prevalence was recorded in Nainital (32.37%) while it was lowest in U.S. Nagar (18.00%). The unorganized dairy units had higher prevalence of BHV-1 antibodies (27.00%) as compared to organized farms (22.79%). At species level, buffaloes were found to have greater prevalence (36.08%) compared to that in cattle (22.44%). Overall, 26.32% females and 10.81% males respectively were found to harbour antibodies to the virus. It was concluded that the bovine population of the state have been exposed to BHV-1 and hence effective prevention and control strategies must be implemented to counter the loss incurred by the virus.

In this article, the impact of gamma-ray radiation on DC and RF response of 10-nm bulk n-channel FinFETs is investigated. Firstly, the radiation tolerance of these devices under DC measurement conditions is reported as various layout level device parameters, such as the gate length ( $L_{G}$ ), number of fins ( $N_{FIN}$ ), and number of fingers ( $N_{FINGER}$ ) are scaled. Then for the first time, the impact of gamma-ray radiation on small-signal RF response of the 10-nm bulk FinFETs is reported, which includes some of the RF figures-of-merit (FOM), such as, the input transconductance, intrinsic current gain, intrinsic voltage gain, and unilateral power gain. Furthermore, the effect of device geometry scaling on maximum oscillation frequency, $f_{MAX}$ , degradation due to gamma-ray radiation is reported. DC results show that long channel devices with small $N_{FIN}$ and large $N_{FINGER}$ are least impacted by gamma-ray radiation as opposed to short channel devices with large $N_{FIN}$ and small $N_{FINGER}$ . The RF results show that gamma-ray radiation causes major degradation (~ 40%) in $f_{MAX}$ , while the cut-off frequency, $f_{T}$ remains mostly unchanged. Finally, an empirical model is developed to predict the degradation in $f_{MAX}$ with changing device geometries and gamma-ray radiation dose.

this paper was concerned with an experimental study of parabolic trough collector designed and manufactured. A parabolic trough solar collector uses GI sheet in the shape of a parabolic cylinder to reflect and concentrate sun radiations towards an absorber tube located at the focus line of the parabolic cylinder. The receiver absorbs the incoming radiations and transforms them into thermal energy, the latter being transported and collected by a fluid medium circulating within the absorber tube. The Designing and Fabrication of parabolic trough solar water heater for water heating was executed, the procedure employed includes design, construction and testing stages. The model which is made up of reflector surface, reflector support, absorber pipe and a stand with manual tracking arrangement was fabricated using locally sourced material for rural applications point of view. Performance evaluation of this system has been done during the months of February, at Gorakhpur 29° 27' 0  N , 75° 41' 0  E .  Latitude  and  Longitude

Researchers are experimenting with carbon nanotubes to Phenomenally change the way semiconductor devices are made. At the same time, there are innovations to address immediate needs such as improving yield, decreasing time – to – market, reducing leakage power, thermal management in multi – die stacks, new layout requirement and so on. The „Chips‟ are everywhere today, right from mobile phones and computer to microwave ovens and washing machines, and even in children‟s toys. There are millions of chips in the world and more are being produced every day, but did you know that these are still produced by a countable number of manufacturers across manufacturing plant, is a technology and resource – intensive factory that could cost anywhere between 1 billion and 10 billion dollars, or even more to set up

The difficulties encountered in the practice of inventory control led us to several criticisms of the classical inventory models. We define another approach for the determination of inventory policies based on the notion of efficient policy surfaces. We extend this notion to single-item inventory control by defining the concepts of decentralized and centralized model. A single-item, multi level, inventory problem is considered. It consists in scheduling one supplier, one warehouse,& ‘n’retailers.The objective of this paper is to minimize the total inventory costs associated in supplying item from supplier to retailer.

Cellulose, chitin and chitosan are the most abundant biopolymer on earth and constitute an important class of biodegradable materials. The decomposition of three major biopolymers viz. chitin, chitosan and cellulose are studied using simultaneous thermal analysis i.e. thermogravimetry/differential thermal analyzer (TG/DTA). Thermal analysis is performed from ambient temperature to 700 °C in a flowing nitrogen medium at four different linear heating rates i.e. 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 °C min−1. Thermal stability order of the three biopolymers based on TG followed the order: cellulose > chitin > chitosan. Non-isothermal multiple heating rate model free methods Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (O-F-W), Kissinger, Friedman and modified Coats- Redfern methods are used to calculate degradation activation energy of the biopolymers. The reaction mechanism based on activation energy calculation at different conversions has been proposed.

Veterinary RecordVolume 140, Issue 3 p. 70-71 Short Communication Electron microscopic demonstration of an adenovirus in the hepatocytes of birds experimentally infected with hydropericardium syndrome R. Chandra, R. Chandra Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, District Nainital (US Nagar), Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorS. K. Shukla, S. K. Shukla Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, District Nainital (US Nagar), Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorM. Kumar, M. Kumar Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, District Nainital (US Nagar), Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorS. K. Garg, S. K. Garg Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, District Nainital (US Nagar), Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author R. Chandra, R. Chandra Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, District Nainital (US Nagar), Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorS. K. Shukla, S. K. Shukla Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, District Nainital (US Nagar), Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorM. Kumar, M. Kumar Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, District Nainital (US Nagar), Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorS. K. Garg, S. K. Garg Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, District Nainital (US Nagar), Uttar Pradesh, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 18 January 1997 https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.140.3.70-bRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume140, Issue3January 1997Pages 70-71 RelatedInformation