With excellent mechanical properties and distinct solidification, the AZ31B series magnesium alloy has great potential for targeting engineering applications and synthesized via die casting process found a drawback on oxidation results porosity and reduced mechanical properties. Here, the magnesium alloy AZ31B series nanocomposite was synthesized with varied weight percentages of zirconium dioxide nanoparticles through a liquid metallurgy route with an applied stir speed of 200 rpm under an argon nature. With the help of a scanning electron microscope, the distribution of particles in the composite surface was found to be homogenous and void-free surface, which output results in less percentage of porosity (<1 %), and the composite contained 6 wt% ZrO2 offers superior yield strength (212 +/- 3 MPa), tensile strength (278 +/- 2 MPa), and impact strength of 16.4 +/- 0.4 J/mm(2). In addition, 8 wt% ZrO2 blended composite showed the maximum microhardness value (78.3 +/- 1 HV). The best-enhanced result of NC3 (AZ31B/6 wt% ZrO2) is suggested for lightweight to high-strength structural applications.

Chemical surface-treated natural fiber-fabricated composites are gaining excellence in many engineering domains, have low specific weights, and have increased specific behavior. However, natural fiber showed marginal improvement in hardness and wear behavior. The novel investigation is to fabricate the polypropylene hybrid nanocomposites by using 20 wt

With significant properties of the conventional polymer, the nanofiller-reinforced polymer matrix composite has received recent attention for engineering applications because the specification of the conventional fabrication of polymer matrix composite found internal casting defects leading to a decreased polymer composite behaviour. This research aims to develop and enrich the mechanical quality of the carbon nanotube (CNT) fibre-reinforced low-density polyethylene (LDPE) nanocomposite synthesized through the injection moulding technique. The density and elongation percentage/tensile strength of LDPE/CNT nanocomposite are investigated with Archimedes and ASTM D638 standards. The CNT proved and enriched the mechanical performance of the LDPE nanocomposite. Including 15 wt

The formation of algae blooms can influence uncontrolled growth, causing hazards to aquatic ecosystems. The attention of microalgae wastewater treatment is gathering significance in bio-energy conversion, resulting in environmental sustainability. Gasification technology is found to improve energy conversion with improved environmental sustainability. The novel research is to treat microalgae wastewater via hydrothermal gasification process with the assistance of a potassium hydroxide catalyst (KOH). During the gasification process, the gasification time is varied from 10, 20, and 30 min under a higher gasification temperature of 900 degrees C is maintained throughout the gasification process. Effect of gasification processing time with KOH catalyst action on the percentage of molar fractions including carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4), lower heating value (LHV), syngas H2 yield, and gasification efficiency of hydrothermal gasification process for microalgae wastewater are experimentally investigated. The results of the present investigation are exposed with higher processing time with maximum gasification temperature processed with KOH catalyst offered maximum H2 fraction of 59%, reduced CH4 and LHV of 15% and 10 MJ/Nm3, optimum H2 yield of 22 mol/kg, and attained maximum gasification efficiency of 55%, respectively. The optimum gasification process parameters, including a 30-min processing time with a higher gasification temperature of 900 degrees C gained H2, will be suggested for energy/alternative fuel applications.

Polymer composites are a significant choice and have been adopted in recent automotive, electrical and electronic applications because they are lightweight, have superior optical behavior, thermal stability, good corrosion resistance, and are economical. The natural fiber-made composite found mechanical and thermal behavior variations due to its poor adhesive nature. The research aims to develop the alkali-treated natural Pinatex fiber (PF) blended polyester nanocomposite through hand layup. Finally, the synthesized composite contained 0, 4, 8, and 12 wt

Polymer composites are beneficial over traditional materials and have been found to have distinct behaviour reasons, and it is used in lightweight applications including automotive and construction. However, natural fiber-made composites are found to lack quality, resulting in major variations in behaviour. The main theme of the current investigation is to develop the hybrid epoxy/flax composite featured with 0, 5, 10, and 15 weight percentages (wt

Optimizing shot peening is a cold-working process employed to generate a compressive residual stress layer and modify the mechanical properties of metals. It involves impacting a surface with a shot with sufficient force to induce plastic deformation. Peening a surface spread it plastically, leading to alterations in its mechanical properties. Its primary application is to prevent the propagation of microcracks from the surface. Such cracks do not propagate in a material that is under compressive stress. Optimizing shot peening can induce such stress on the surface. In this process, shots are accelerated using centrifugal force generated by a rotating impeller, which directs the shots to impact the surface to be peened. Media choices include spherical cast steel shots, ceramic beads, or conditioned cut wire. Peening necessitates well-graded shots with consistent hardness, diameter, and shape, and a mechanism for removing optimized shot fragments throughout the process is desirable.

A clear understanding of heat transmission and material course during the friction stir processed (FSP) ZK60 magnesium alloy (Mg) can help eliminate flaws like cracks, voids, and flash. It enhanced the mechanical properties of the FSP of ZK60 Mg alloy. It is mainly controlled by process parameters like axial force, plunge depth, tilt angle, shoulder diameter, traverse speed, and rotational speed. Our investigation focuses on the influence of advanced factors such as tool tilt angle (TTA-deg), rotational tool speed (TRS-rpm), and tool traverse speed (TTS-mm/min), with the aid of the design of experiment technique by Box Behnken method to enhance the hardness. It is necessary to develop finite element models to support experimental results. And is further preceded by transient temperature dispersion throughout FSPed ZK60 Mg alloy fabricated through the Finite Element process. The temperature fields determined numerically engage well by trial data and the highest temperature throughout the FSPed at the stir zone. The temperature distribution is simulated by TRS and TTS in which higher temperature is relative to TRS and indirectly close to TTS. From the model, the highest temperature was determined to be 462 degrees C, which is particularly fewer than the plate's melting temperature.

This study is focused on the application of activated carbon nanoadsorbent derived from Ocimum basilicum Linn (sweet basil) leaves for the removal of methyl orange dye from an aqueous solution. The Ocimum basilicum Linn leaves are dried, powdered, cured with H2SO4, and thermally treated to form an activated carbon biosorbent. Sorbent characterization studies like scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy have revealed the adsorption of the methyl orange dye from their aqueous solution in the batch mode process. The biosorbent has shown a maximum adsorption capacity of 1.54 mg g−1 at 10 mg l−1 concentration, 1.2 g sorbent dosage, pH of 3, contact time of 180 min, and pHpzc at 3.9. Experimental results are analyzed using equilibrium models and it is found that the Langmuir isotherm model and kinetic model fit well and also the results have corresponded well with pseudo-first order. The intraparticle diffusion (IPD) mechanism has shown that pore diffusion occurs at a slower rate. The Elovich model has displayed that adsorption is affected by film diffusion. From the statistical optimization studies, it is demonstrated that Box–Behnken model can correlate the good agreement between experimental and predicted values. The highest adsorption capacity for the nanoadsorbent was found using quadrate models and optimizing the variables at a time of 237 min, initial dye concentration of 5.31 mg l−1, adsorbent dose of 1.22 g, and pH of 4.23.

Corrosion in steel leads to the deterioration of reinforced concrete structures due to chemical reactions between steel and its surrounding atmosphere. In this paper, a novel anticorrosive powder was derived from the waste Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and manually coated on the steel rebar of the reinforced concrete specimen. The corrosion-resistant efficiency of the developed nano PCB-coating on the steel bars was studied by polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and accelerated corrosion technique. Also, the applicability of the nano PCB-coated rebar as reinforcement in the concrete environment was investigated. From the results, it was observed that the nano PCB-coated specimens exhibited 3.5 times reduced rate of corrosion and lost only 46.15% strength and 52.5% diameter under the accelerated rate of 6 V after 48 hours. The presence of nano PCB powder improved the corrosion-resistant behaviour of the steel rebar by 1.65 times of the noncoated specimen. Also, the nano PCB-coating reduced the loss in residual yield strength of the corroded steel rebar by 32% lesser than the noncoated specimens and exhibited similar corrosion-resistant properties as that of the existing zinc coating. In addition to the corrosion resistance, the nano PCB-coated steel rebar exhibited almost similar adhesion with concrete as that of the commercial zinc coating which is 7% lower than uncoated steel rebars. It was inferred from this research work that the proposed anticorrosive coating prepared from the waste nano PCB powder showed better corrosion-resistant behaviour and reduced the overall cost of coating by 42%, which ensures economy and serviceability.

Four different solvents, ethyl acetate, ethanol, petroleum ether, and hexane, were used for the multistage solvent extraction of rose concrete oil from the aromatic plant species of Rosa x damascena. The components present in the concrete oils were analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer. After the multistage solvent extraction process, the solvent was removed by using a rotary vacuum evaporator. Methyl alpha d-glucopyranoside, 5-hydroxy methyl furfural, 2,3-butanediol, and ethyl-d glucopyranoside were the major components identified using ethyl acetate ethanol, hexane, and petroleum ether as a solvent, respectively. The phenyl ethyl alcohol and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural were identified as the repeated components in all four solvents. The solvent ethanol showed a different composition when compared to the other three solvents. A high yield was obtained when ethanol was used as a solvent. The type of solvent used significantly impacts the compositions of the concrete oil of Rosa x damascena.

The aim of the study was to determine the efficiency of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) manufactured with copper slag and to examine the influence of superplasticizer on the qualities of SCC manufactured with copper slag. In this research investigation, the grade of concrete employed was M40. By substituting fly ash for cement, 40% of the cement was eliminated. Copper slag has been substituted for fine aggregate in various quantities ranging from 10% to 50% in the concrete compositions. In total, six concrete mix proportions have been produced, for which the parameters like water absorption and chloride permeability were evaluated. In addition, these mixtures have been exposed to an acidic, sulphate environments and marine environments, with the intention of assessing the weight and strength loss after 7, 28, 60, and 90 days.

The demand of concrete cement block is increasing in different applications such as building constructions, road ways, bridges and dams. In construction field, the modification or improvement of properties of cement block is a challenging task. In the present investigation, Coconut Shell Ash (CSA) powder and stone powders are added to the cement block. The different properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength, and tensile strength have been determined. The optimal strength of the cement block has been achieved through taguchi optimization. The effect of responses and parametric correlation have been studied through SN ratio plot and area graph respectively.

In the fabrication of light weight structural materials, the as-cast ZK60 magnesium alloy plays a vital role in the replacement of aluminum alloy. As the wear and friction properties are poor for magnesium alloys, it is very much essential to adopt surface engineering to enhance these properties. Friction stir processing is one of the promising thermo-mechanical processing techniques that alters the grain refinement and surface properties of the material. This investigation is made to understand the impacts of tool traverse speed ranges from 5 to 25 mm/min in cast ZK60 and FSPed/ZK60/SiCp magnesium alloy friction stir processed zone formation. It is found that the FSP made by using the high tool traverse speed of 10 mm/min exhibited higher hardness (121.2HV) and uniform particle distribution in the processed zone. This may be attributed to the dispersion and grain boundary strengthening. Also, this study is further proceeded to transient temperature distribution during FSPed/ZK60 Mg alloy by using Finite Element method. From simulation, the maximum temperature determined is 462°C, which is notably less compared to the melting temperature of the plate.

The Minimum Variance Distortion-less Response (MVDR) algorithm, presented in this article, explains a diagnostic imaging breast cancer. The objective of this research is indeed to build up Ultra-Wide Band based on Microwave Images (UWB-MI) strategy to achieve the image of breast cancer. The test-beds have executed in composite components of biological breast organ andwearable prototypes. These scattered signals have measured by Agilent Microwave analyzer (N99917A). These fabricated prototypes consist of 3x3 pattern with effective bandwidth. These signal strength received from the transmitter port of Arrival was collected by the Received Signal Strength (RSS). Hence, these test-bed estimates the Power Spectral Density (PSD) from Directional of Arrival (DoA). Therefore, the radiology visual image has developed using composite test-beds.

Poor friction and wear resistance are the major drawbacks that restrict structural applications of ZK60 magnesium alloys. The surface properties of magnesium alloy can be enhanced by reinforcing particles in the surface using friction stir processing (FSP). Tool pin profile is the significant process parameters which influences the material flow, particle breakups and its distribution in the processed zone. In this study, an attempt was made in order to understand the major effects of tool pin profiles namely, cylindrical thread (CT), plain cylindrical (PC), plain tapered cylindrical (PTC) and square (SA) pin profiles on the microstructure characteristics and particle distribution of friction stir processed/silicon carbide particle surface composites. The surface composites fabricated by plain tapered cylindrical pin profile yield superior properties which is attributed to the higher shear force and balanced state of material flow and heat generation in the processed zone. The formation of smaller grains and hardness enhancement due to dispersion strengthening are the main causes to get better wear resistance of friction stir processed/silicon carbide particle magnesium alloy.

The combination of stiffness, good castability, high specific strength, and low density makes magnesium alloys ideal materials, particularly in lightweight structural applications. The two major drawbacks of magnesium alloys are poor friction and wear resistance, because they restrict the structural applications. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the tribological properties of magnesium alloys without creating many adverse effects on the properties of the base metal by using surface engineering. In order to achieve a sound fabrication of surface metal matrix composites on the magnesium plate, friction stir processing (FSP) often serves as a good candidate. However, the process parameters should be suitably selected to fabricate a sound FSP zone. Tool pin profile is a major significant process parameter, particularly in FSP, as it plays major part in the formation of a processed region with a uniform distribution of reinforcement particles. In this study, an attempt was made to understand the major effects of tool pin profiles, namely, cylindrical thread, plain cylindrical, plain tapered cylindrical (PTC), and square on the microstructure characteristics and particle distribution of FSP ZK60/Silicon Carbide particle (SiCp) surface composites. Of the four pin profiles, surface composites fabricated by means of PTC pin profile resulted in a defect-free and higher hardness processed zone. This was attributed to the higher shear force offered by the PTC pin profile, which aids proper material flow with evenly distributed particles.

Wear resistance and poor friction are the two main draw backs of magnesium alloys that restricts structural applications. Therefore it is essential to enhance the tribological properties of magnesium alloys with the help of surface engineering without causing significant antagonistic effects on the properties of the base metal. Friction stir processing (FSP) is one of the promising thermo-mechanical processing techniques that alters the micro-structural and tribological properties of the material with low production at less period of time. Hence, this investigation enable us to study an effect of friction stir processing on wear characteristics of cast ZK60 magnesium alloy. A pin-on-disc wear testing machine was used to evaluate the wear resistance of surface modified ZK60 magnesium alloy. The result shows that the surface modification by FSP resulted in 26% increase in hardness compared to parent metal. The formation of finer grains and subsequent increase in hardness are the main reasons to improve wear resistance of FSPed ZK60 magnesium alloy.