IntroductionAvian influenza viruses (AIVs) continue to circulate in live poultry markets (LPMs), posing potential risks for zoonotic exposure. This study investigated the environmental circulation of AIVs and their potential epidemiological associations with human infection in Henan Province, China.MethodsWe analyzed 7,956 environmental samples collected from poultry-associated settings in Henan Province between 2020 and 2025. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with AIV detection. Serological surveillance was conducted among occupationally exposed individuals, and phylogenetic analyses were performed to characterize the genetic relationships between human-derived and environmental AIVs.ResultsA total of 1,460 samples (18.35%) tested positive for AIVs. LPMs were significantly associated with higher odds of AIV detection (OR = 7.211, 95% CI: 5.039–10.319, P < 0.001), and the odds of AIV detection increased over the surveillance period (OR = 1.254, 95% CI: 1.210–1.301, P < 0.001). Multiple AIV subtypes were detected, with H9N2 remaining predominant throughout the study period. Five human infections were identified, including H5N6 and H3N8 infections in 2022 and three H9N2 infections in 2025. Serological surveillance identified H9N2-seropositive and H3N8-reactive samples among occupationally exposed individuals. Phylogenetic analyses revealed genetic similarities between human-derived and environmental viruses. Three H3N8 viruses, including one isolated from a human case, formed a distinct phylogenetic cluster, with their internal genes closely related to co-circulating H9N2 viruses.DiscussionThese findings demonstrate sustained circulation of multiple AIV subtypes in poultry-associated environments and highlight the importance of integrated environmental and human surveillance for the early detection of viruses with zoonotic potential.

Objective This study aimed to compare the current Essen rabies post-exposure immunization schedule(0-3-7-14-28)in China and the simple 4-dose schedule(0-3-7-14)newly recommended by the World Health Organization in terms of their safety,efficacy,and protection. Methods Mice were vaccinated according to different immunization schedules,and blood was collected for detection of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies(RVNAs)on days 14,21,28,35,and 120 after the first immunization.Additionally,different groups of mice were injected with lethal doses of the CVS-11 virus on day 0,subjected to different rabies immunization schedules,and assessed for morbidity and death status.In a clinical trial,185 rabies-exposed individuals were selected for post-exposure vaccination according to the Essen schedule,and blood was collected for RVNAs detection on days 28 and 42 after the first immunization. Results A statistically significant difference in RVNAs between mice in the Essen and 0-3-7-14 schedule groups was observed on the 35th day(P<0.05).The groups 0-3-7-14,0-3-7-21,and 0-3-7-28 showed no statistically significant difference(P>0.05)in RVNAs levels at any time point.The post-exposure immune protective test showed that the survival rate of mice in the control group was 20%,whereas that in the immunization groups was 40%.In the clinical trial,the RVNAs positive conversion rates on days 28(14 days after 4 doses)and 42(14 days after 5 doses)were both 100%,and no significant difference in RVNAs levels was observed(P>0.05). Conclusion The simple 4-dose schedule can produce sufficient RVNAs levels,with no significant effect of a delayed fourth vaccine dose(14-28 d)on the immunization potential.

Background To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human rabies in Henan Province and perform a genetic characterization of the rabies virus (RABV). Methods The rabies case data were retrieved from the National Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System and individual case investigation forms. Saliva, cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples from rabies patients were collected and tested via real-time PCR. Positive samples were subjected to sequencing of the RABV N gene, and the sequences were compared with reference sequences in GenBank for homology and phylogenetic analysis. Results Among the five rabies cases (cases 1–5) examined, two were associated with bites from domestic dogs and were classified as level III exposure. The exposure source and level for the remaining three cases were unknown. None of the patients had received vaccination or passive immunization. Real-time PCR tests revealed that saliva samples had the highest positivity rate (87.5%), whereas CSF and serum samples tested negative for viral RNA. The N gene sequences from the four rabies cases (cases 1–4) were identified as belonging to the China I strain, a dominant rabies virus strain in China, with nucleotide homology ranging from 99.26%-99.85% and amino acid homology of 100%. The major functional and antigenic sites of the encoded protein are highly conserved. Conclusion Rabies continue to circulate in Henan Province. However, the evolutionary diversity and genetic stability of circulating strains of the rabies virus are limited.

ObjectiveTo examine time-dependent variations in serum antibodies of severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases at different stages and inactivated COVID-19 vaccine recipients after inoculation. MethodsThe study was conducted in a city of Henan province. Totally 86 serum samples were collected from 43 confirmed COVID-19 cases at acute stage (1th – 23rd day of onset) and recovery state (25th – 58th day of onset) during January 2020 – October 2021; other 184 serum samples from 46 healthy recipients of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine at 4/8/12/31 weeks after inoculations and 50 serum samples from 50 residents without confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections were also collected during March – October 2021. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin A/G/M (IgA/G/M) were detected with magnetic particle chemiluminescence method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for all the serum samples. The levels of the serum antibodies among the three groups′ participants were analyzed statistically. ResultsAmong the confirmed COVID-19 cases, the positivity rates of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgM and IgG of the serum samples collected at recovery stage were significantly higher than those at acute stage (all P < 0.05) ; while, the concentrations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG of the serum samples collected at recovery stage were significantly higher than those at acute stage (both P < 0.05). Among the healthy COVID-19 vaccine recipients 31 weeks after the inoculations, the positivity rate was 63.04% (29/46) for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and 36.96% (17/46) for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA, but all samples were negative for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM. No significant differences were observed in the absorbance ratios anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA among the samples collected 4, 8, 12, and 31weeks after the inoculation (F = 2.365, P = 0.073), but there were significant differences in the concentrations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG (both P < 0.05) among the samples. Both the positivity rate of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgM and the concentrations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM were significantly higher among the confirmed COVID-19 cases than those among the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine recipients during a comparable period of time (P < 0.05 for all). ConclusionThe positivity rate of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG is the highest during early stage and recovery stage among COVID-19 cases. The positivity of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG occur earlier than that of IgM and could maintain till 31 weeks after the inoculation among inactivated COVID-19 vaccine recipients. The concentration of serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM are higher among COVID-19 cases than those among inactivated COVID-19 vaccine recipients during a comparable period of time.

目的 对河南省安阳市1例新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染病例全基因组测序及进化变异分析.方法 选取1例新型冠状病毒无症状感染者的鼻咽拭子进行Nanopore纳米孔测序获得病毒的全基因组序列,应用在线分析平台,判断病毒型别;利用分子进化遗传分析软件鉴别病毒基因的变异位点;与参考基因进行比对,构建进化树.结果 成功获得该病例的SARS-CoV-2的全基因组序列,基因组全长29 850 bp;同武汉参考株(NC_04512.2)序列相比,共检测出78处核苷酸突变位点,在共享上海参考株(ON955521.1)74个突变位点的基础上,增加4个突变位点,分别为C4832T、C5157T、C20030T、C25546T;病毒分型结果显示属于奥密克戎BA.2.2.1型;进化分析显示与上海参考株全基因组序列高度同源.结论 通过Nanopore纳米孔测序获得全基因组序列,能够为当地的病毒进化溯源、病毒变异、流行病学调查和疫情防控提供依据.

目的 利用Illumina MiSeq和Oxford Nanopore高通量测序平台对河南省新型冠状病毒肺炎(CO VID-19)确诊病例的上呼吸道样本进行全基因组测序,为新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)全基因组监测工作提供参考.方法 收集河南省2021年6月至2022年1月共10份COVID-19确诊病例的上呼吸道样本,分别采用二代和三代测序技术进行测序,获得SARS-CoV-2全基因组序列,运用生物信息学软件CLC Genomics Workbench(CLC)进行序列比对分析.结果 与武汉参考株(Wuhan-Hu-1)相比,10份样本中3份属于Omicron(BA.1)变异株,核苷酸变异位点55个和61个;1份属于Alpha(B.1.1.7)变异株,核苷酸变异位点41个;6份属于Delta(B.1.617.2)变异株,核苷酸变异位点35个、42个和47个.二代测序识别碱基变异位点的准确率更高,6份样本的二代和三代测序变异位点100％同源,7份样本S基因编码区共享一致数目的变异位点.Ct值＜33的样本,Illumina MiSeq平台和Oxford Nanopore平台均能获得较高的基因组覆盖度和测序深度.二代测序和三代测序覆盖度差异有统计学意义(t =-2.037,P＜0.05);三代测序不同时间覆盖度差异无统计学意义(F=2.498,P＞0.05).结论 两种高通量测序平台均能满足SARS-CoV-2变异株的检测需求,Illumina MiSeq平台对SARS-CoV-2变异位点识别更精准;Oxford Nanopore平台可用于SARS-CoV-2的快速鉴定分型.

ObjectiveTo analyze epidemiological characteristic and transmission process of a local coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak induced by imported cases from other provinces in Henan province. MethodsThe data on all local COVID-19 cases in Xiuwu county, Henan province reported during March 18 – 28, 2022 were extracted from National Notifiable Disease Report System. The results of field investigations on the cases were also collected simultaneously. Descriptive statistics was performed on the data collected with SPSS 22.0. ResultsTotally 45 cases (16 males and 29 females, 14 minor or common patients and 31 asymptomatic infections) were reported during the 11-day outbreak period. The median age (25th percentile [P25], 75 percentile [P75]) of the cases was 23.02 (18.57, 28.64) years. The median (P25, P75) of cycle threshold (Ct) value for Orf1ab gene and N gene for positive cases in primary screening were 23.02 (18.57, 28.64) and 23.10 (18.63, 28.03), respectively. A case clustering involving 18 cases was identified in a local textile factory, with an incidence rate of 6.6%; seven family clusters were also identified, with a family secondary attack rate of 20.78% and a secondary attack rate of 3.79% among close contacts. Of all the cases, 12.5% could attributed the infection to the exposure to the asymptomatic infections being negative for nucleic acid test at that time. The results of genome second generation sequencing for the isolates from 29 infections indicated that the pathogen of the outbreak was severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant Omicron (BA.2.2) and the local transmission of the virus variant was traced back to the 2 first generation cases returning home from other epidemic area. The median (P25, P75) of incubation period was 3 (2, 4.25) days and that of generation interval was 3 (2, 3) days. Five generations of transmission were identified for the outbreak . The estimated basic reproductive number (R0) of this epidemic was 6.14, and the effective reproduction number (Rt) decreased 2 days after the control measures were taken and declined to less than 1 in 8 days after the implementa-tion of control measures. ConclusionThe reported COVID-19 outbreak in Henan province was caused by imported cases from other epidemic area and spread mainly in factories, families and schools. The control measures on the outbreak were effective and subsequent transmission was prevented.

目的 调查散居和托幼儿童家长肠道病毒EV71疫苗接种意愿、影响因素和不愿接种的原因,为制定疫苗接种策略提供科学依据.方法 2017年选取河南省某县某幼儿园儿童家长及散居儿童家长作为调查对象,自行设计问卷,集中填写并回收,分析EV71疫苗接种意愿及其影响因素.结果 共发放调查问卷362份,回收351份,279人(79.5％)愿意接种肠道病毒EV71疫苗.城市家长EV71疫苗愿意接种率(83.2％)高于农村家长(71.2％)(P＜0.05);散居儿童家长愿意接种率(83.7％)高于托幼儿童家长(72.8％)(P＜0.05);父母愿意接种率高于其他关系家长(P＜0.05);随着学历增高,家长愿意接种率提高(P＜0.05);既往未患手足口病儿童家长愿意接种率高于既往患病儿童家长(P＜0.05);医学相关职业、主动了解手足口病、关注疫苗、知晓知识、行为养成和接受过专业人员讲解的家长愿意接种率高于其他家长(P＜0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,相对于17～29岁年龄组,30～39岁年龄组是接种意愿的保护因素(P=0.042,OR=0.378,95％CI:0.148～0.965),关注疫苗(P＜0.001,OR=16.235,95％CI:6.365～41.410)、行为养成(P=0.044,OR=2.657,95％CI:1.027～6.870)、知识知晓(P=0.036,OR=2.743,95％CI:1.070～7.036)是接种意愿的危险因素.72例不愿意接种EV71疫苗,其中22例(30.6％)是因为价格高,29例(40.3％)是因为担忧疫苗安全性,20例(27.8％)是因为担忧疫苗效果,1例(1.4％)认为没必要.结论 近80％的家长愿意给孩子接种EV71疫苗,应针对影响接种意愿的因素和原因开展针对性健康教育,提高疫苗接种意愿和接种率.

Objective:To analyze the genome characteristics and variations in nucleotides and amino acids of SARS-CoV-2 causing an outbreak in Henan Province in November 2021 and perform the traceability analysis.Methods:In this study, throat swab specimens from cases in the acute phase were collected and tested for the nucleic acids of SARS-CoV-2 by real-time fluorescent RT-PCR. SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid-positive samples were subjected to high-throughput genome sequencing and whole-genome alignment analysis.Results:The median Ct values of ORF1ab gene and N gene in 70 positive specimens was 26.41 (15.58 to 39.27) and 24.43 (12.04 to 39.74), respectively. Compared with the sequence of Wuhan-Hu(NC_045512) reference strain, 47 to 49 nucleotide mutations sharing 47 nucleotide mutation and 41 amino acid mutations were found in 63 strains of successfully sequenced SARS-CoV-2. Nine nucleotide mutations and 12 amino acid mutations were found in the spike protein. The index case shared 47 mutations with the Russian imported cases in Henan Province on October 14 and the local cases in Jiangxi Province in October. Moreover, their genomes were highly homologous and they all belonged to the Delta variant (AY.122 evolutionary branch).Conclusions:Continuous monitoring of imported COVID-19 cases and prolonging the period of quarantine were needed to reduce the risk of local outbreak and epidemic caused by imported COVID-19 cases. Analysis of the genomic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and the variations in nucleotides and amino acids was conducive to trace the origin of COVID-19 outbreak quickly and provide reference for precise control.

目的:探索与发热伴血小板减少综合征(SFTS)患者病情相关联的影响因素.方法:选取2019年5月、6月河南省信阳市后勤保障部队第九九〇医院在感染科确诊的SFTS的患者69例.采集SFTS患者血清,同时收集病例的临床诊断资料和流行病学资料.根据患者病情将病例分为轻症(n=43)、重症(n=15)及危重症(n=11)3个等级,比较3组间实验室检测指标的差异.结果:3组患者血小板(PLT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、肌酸激酶(CK)、血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、新布尼亚病毒(SFTSV)载量的组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).与患者疾病严重程度相关联的因素有年龄、SFTSV载量、PLT、白细胞(WBC)、AST、ALT、LDH和CK(P<0.05),其中PLT、WBC与严重程度呈负相关,其余变量均与严重程度呈正相关.与患者SFTSV载量相关联的因素有PLT、WBC、LDH、AST、ALT、CK、年龄及淋巴结肿大面积.结论:PLT、WBC、LDH、AST、ALT、CK及年龄与患者疾病严重程度和病毒载量存在关联,可作为患者病情分级及预测患者预后的重要指标.

目的:分析河南省境外输入2019新型冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV)毒株的基因组进化特征及变异情况。方法:纳入2020年5月至12月河南省报告的16例境外输入新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例，采集患者咽拭子标本送至河南省疾病预防控制中心进行全基因组测序。以全球共享流感数据倡议组织平台上公布的SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1作为参考序列，采用MEGA X软件进行序列比对和分析，并采用最大似然法构建系统进化树。结果:16例病例中，13例来自俄罗斯，2例来自缅甸，1例来自乌克兰。共获得16条基因组长度为29 804~29 882 bp的2019-nCoV基因组序列。共检测到145个核苷酸突变位点和80个氨基酸突变位点，所有序列均存在C241T、C3037T、C14408T、A23403G核苷酸位点突变，以及刺突蛋白区D614G氨基酸位点突变。BetaCov/HEN02/Human/2020、BetaCov/HEN04/Human/2020和BetaCov/HEN05/Human/2020毒株基因组的第29704位点出现碱基A插入，所有序列均未发现缺失变异。系统进化树分析显示，16株毒株与目前流行的需关注的变异株均无相关性。结论:2020年5月至12月河南省境外输入病例的2019-nCoV毒株基因组突变呈现随机性和多样性，均不属于需关注的变异株。

Objective:To analyze the dynamic changes and possible influencing factors of anti-2019 novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) neutralizing antibody in confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases.Methods:Microneutralization was used to test the anti-2019-nCoV neutralizing antibody. Excel 2007 and SPSS 22.0 were used for data processing and analysis.Results:There were 420 serum samples collected from 155 confirmed COVID-19 cases. These serum samples contained acute phase serum, convalescent phase serum and serum from cases recovered for about six months. The sampling time was 0-221 days after the onset of COVID-19. The geometric mean titer (GMT) of anti-2019-nCoV neutralizing antibody was 1∶13 at 1 week, and 1∶31 at 2 week. The titers of anti-2019-nCoV neutralizing antibody of individual cases were still<1∶4 on the 15 th day. The GMT was all over 1: 52 (13×4) at 6-32 week. Taking 1: 64 as the cut-off point, the serum anti-2019-nCoV neutralizing antibody positive rates was 30.56% in acute phase serum samples (0-14 d, 0-2 w), 82.31% in convalescent phase serum samples (36-63 d, 6-9 w) and 86.52% in serum samples from cases recovered for about six months (183-210 d, 27-30 w). Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in anti-2019-nCoV neutralizing antibody levels at the other weeks except 1-2 week ( χ2=9.270, P=0.931), there was no statistically differences in gender, age and occupation of the cases, and also between the normal and mild cases ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The serum anti-2019-nCoV neutralizing antibody level is only statistically correlated with the disease progression of COVID-19, and maintain the protective level from 3 to 30 week.

Objective:To provide data support for the prevention and control of dengue fever in Henan Province by analyzing the molecular epidemiological and etiological characteristics of dengue fever outbreaks in Puyang in 2019.Methods:Blood samples were collected from all suspected cases of dengue fever. The antigen, antibody and nucleic acid of dengue virus (DENV) were detected. The E gene was amplified by viral nucleic acid extraction and sequenced. Phylogenetic tree was constructed to trace the source of infection. Results:A total of 61 local cases of dengue fever were reported, and no deaths were reported. Among them, 4 cases (72.13%) were positive for DENV NS1 antigen; 16(26.23%) cases were positive for specific IgM; 38(62.30%) cases were positive for specific IgG; 34 cases (54.10%) were positive for dengue nucleic acid testing. Ten dengue virus strains were isolated, all of which were dengue virus type 1(DENV-1). Sequence analysis of E gene suggested it belonged to the same clade as Henan201903 strain imported from Cambodia to Zhumadian, Henan in 2019, with the highest homology. Conclusions:The dengue fever epidemic in Henan Province was caused by DENV-1, which might be improted from Cambodia, Singapore, Myanmar and other Southeast Asian countries. Therefore, the surveillance of DENV in people returning from Southeast Asia should be strengthened.

Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a serious infectious disease with a fatality of up to 30%. To identify the severity of SFTS precisely and quickly is important in clinical practice. Methods From June to July 2020, 71 patients admitted to the Infectious Department of Joint Logistics Support Force No. 990 Hospital were enrolled in this study. The most frequently observed symptoms and laboratory parameters on admission were collected by investigating patients' electronic records. Decision trees were built to identify the severity of SFTS. Accuracy and Youden's index were calculated to evaluate the identification capacity of the models. Results Clinical characteristics, including body temperature (p = 0.011), the size of the lymphadenectasis (p = 0.021), and cough (p = 0.017), and neurologic symptoms, including lassitude (p<0.001), limb tremor (p<0.001), hypersomnia (p = 0.009), coma (p = 0.018) and dysphoria (p = 0.008), were significantly different between the mild and severe groups. As for laboratory parameters, PLT (p = 0.006), AST (p<0.001), LDH (p<0.001), and CK (p = 0.003) were significantly different between the mild and severe groups of SFTS patients. A decision tree based on laboratory parameters and one based on demographic and clinical characteristics were built. Comparing with the decision tree based on demographic and clinical characteristics, the decision tree based on laboratory parameters had a stronger prediction capacity because of its higher accuracy and Youden's index. Conclusion Decision trees can be applied to predict the severity of SFTS.

目的 基于ELISA检测技术,探讨恙虫病患者血清细胞因子水平变化,为探索其临床意义及作用机制提供科学依据.方法 收集确诊患者血清和健康人血清.利用ELISA技术检测外周血清8种细胞因子表达水平.采用SAS 9.1软件进行统计学分析.结果 病例组中IL-8、IFN-γ、MCP-1、TNF-α等4种细胞因子浓度的中位数分别为34.09pg/mL、17.58 pg/mL、181.42 pg/mL、33.49 pg/mL,表达水平较对照组有不同程度升高(P＜0.05);病例组RANTES浓度的中位数为8.69 pg/mL,较对照组低(P＜0.05);其余细胞因子表达水平在两组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).重症组患者的血清IFN-γ、MCP-1、TNF-α浓度中位数分别为34.57 pg/mL、299.41 pg/mL、103.00 pg/mL,表达水平比轻症组患者明显升高(P＜0.05),但血清IL-2、IL-8、IL-10、TNF-β、RANTES水平在重症组和轻症组患者之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).IL-8与TNF-β(r=0.703,P=0.001)呈现正相关性,但其余细胞因子(IL-2、IL-10、IFN-γ、MCP-1、TNF-α、RANTTES)之间无相关性.结论 恙虫病东方体感染机体会导致多种血清细胞因子水平改变.血清IFN-γ、MCP-1,TNF-α水平的含量可以反映病情严重程度,对恙虫病病情评估具有重要的临床应用价值.

Objective: To monitor the changes in specific IgM and IgG antibodies in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and analyze their clinical significance. Methods: A total of 168 serum samples were collected from 56 COVID-19 patients with different disease courses who were positive for nucleic acid test at Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention on January 8, 2020 and February 21, 2020. Serum samples from 25 healthy people excluded from COVID-19 were used as control group. IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected by chemiluminescence method. Results: IgM antibody increased sharply in 1-3 weeks after onset, and reached the peak value (21.78 AU/ml) in the 3rd week after onset. IgG antibody increased the most in 3-6 weeks after onset, and reached the peak value (81.58 AU/ml) in the 9th week after onset. The levels of IgM and IgG antibodies were closely correlated with age and disease course (P<0.05). The antibody level of 30-60 years old group was the highest, the IgM antibody positive rate and antibody level of acute stage and previous infection were lower than that of recovery stage, and the IgG antibody positive rate and antibody level of acute stage were lower than that of recovery stage and previous infection. During the whole course of the disease, the levels of IgM and IgG antibodies increased gradually in the acute stage, reached the peak in the recovery stage, and decreased and maintained at a certain level in the past infection. Conclusions: Serum SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibody detection can be used as auxiliary diagnostic indicators for COVID-19, and its continuous observation is helpful for epidemiological investigation, serological diagnosis and disease course monitoring.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is recognized as an emerging infectious disease. This study aimed to investigate the pathogenic mechanism of SFTS. A total of 100 subjects were randomly included in the study. Cytokine levels were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and the viral load was detected by micro drop digital PCR. The results showed that levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐8, IL‐10, IFN‐inducible protein‐10 (IP‐10), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α (MIP‐1α), transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted factor (RANTES) differed significantly among the SFTS patient group, healthy people group, and asymptomatic infection group (p < .05). Compared to the healthy people group, the patient group had increased cytokine levels (IL‐6, IL‐10, IP‐10, MCP‐1, and IFN‐γ) but reduced levels of IL‐8, TGF‐β1, and RANTES (p < .0167). IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IP‐10, MCP‐1, MIP‐1α, TGF‐β1, and the RANTES levels had different trends after the onset of the disease. IL‐6, IL‐10, IP‐10, and MCP‐1 levels in severe patients were higher than those in mild patients (p < .05). There was a positive correlation between viral load and IL‐6 and IP‐10 but a negative correlation between viral load and RANTES. SFTSV could cause a cytokine change: the cytokine levels of patients had different degrees of fluctuation after the onset of the disease. The levels of IL‐6 and IL‐8 in the asymptomatic infection group were found between the SFTS patients group and the healthy people group. The levels of IL‐6, IL‐10, IP‐10, and MCP‐1 in the serum could reflect the severity of the disease, and the levels of IL‐6, IP‐10, and RANTES were correlated with the viral load.

目的:回顾新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)合并Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒(HSV-1)感染的诊断方法.方法:收集12例新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例的核酸阳性咽拭子样本,采用Vero和Vero E6细胞进行病毒分离,采用实时荧光定量PCR法进行2019-nCoV核酸检测,采用MiSeq测序技术测定分离株基因组序列,采用MicroSpectrum病原体鉴定分析软件分析非2019-nCoV毒株组分.结果:12例12份咽拭子样本中分离得到5株病毒,其中4株病毒各代培养物均呈2019-nCoV核酸阳性,HN03株在培养过程中观察到支原体感染表现并逐渐表现为2019-nCoV核酸阴性.MiSeq测序获得4株2019-nCoV全基因组序列,HN03株获得部分2019-nCoV基因序列.HN03株的三代培养物经宏基因组序列测定、分析,结果提示HN03株为HSV-1和猪鼻支原体双阳性.结论:HN03株源病例为2019-nCoV和HSV-1合并感染.

Objective:To investigate the performance of real-time RT-PCR for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in clinical diagnosis of COVID-19.Methods:Laboratory test data and basic case information of Henan COVID-19 cases were collected from the China′s Infectious Disease Information System as of March 5, 2020. All information was entered by local hospitals and Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Local hospitals or country CDC were responsible for sampling and municipal CDC was responsible for nucleic acid testing.Results:A total of 6 714 specimens were detected and the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid was 23.82%. The specimens were collected from 1 200 confirmed cases, 2 178 suspected cases and 77 asymptomatic cases. The nucleic acid diagnosis rate of COVID-19 was 36.96% (1 277/3 455). In all cases, the positive rates of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in nasal swabs, sputum samples and throat swabs were 19.38%, 28.59% and 23.53%, respectively (χ 2=15.896, P<0.01). The positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in confirmed COVID-19 cases was 63.10%. The positive rates in nasal swabs, sputum samples and throat swabs were 50.80%, 58.71% and 65.21 (χ 2=18.612, P<0.01). The positive rates of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid were 43.51%, 23.98%, 22.82%, 12.17%, 14.46% and 13.21% in samples collected on the day of symptom onset and one week, two weeks, three weeks, four weeks, five weeks and above five weeks after the onset, respectively. The positive rates in confirmed cases were respectively 89.03%, 86.57%, 52.30%, 17.53%, 17.69% and 24.14% at those time points. Conclusions:Real-time RT-PCR is the most effective method for early pathogenic diagnosis of COVID-19. The highest detection rate of nucleic acid is achieved within one week after the onset of COVID-19, and the latest time for nucleic acid detection is 38 d after the onset.