Slag deposition and slag drain restrict the operating and process conditions of entrained flow gasifiers that are op erated on ash-containing fuels. Numerical simulations of these gasifiers require mathematical models to describe slag deposition and slag flow. Previous studies, however, have not provided complete and consistent slag property data for the development and validation of slag flow models. Therefore, a preceding study (Fuel 382 A (2025) 132809) carried out pilot-scale entrained flow gasification experiments at the bioliq Entrained Flow Gasifier (bi oliq EFG) plant. The membrane-wall reactor of this plant is equipped with a segmental cooling screen, which was recoated before the experiments to ensure well-defined heat transfer conditions. The experiments were conducted with mixtures of ethylene glycol and glass beads as well as pyrolysis oil and glass beads at thermal inputs of up to 5 MW and operating pressures of 40 bar. Ethylene glycol and glass beads were used as surrogates for pyrolysis oil and straw ash, respectively, in order to derive experimental data under well-defined conditions for the devel opment and validation of slag flow models. This study investigated deposited and discharged glass slags from the pilot-scale experiments. Samples of slag deposited on the membrane-wall refractory were analysed for density and morphology, while samples of discharged slag were analysed for chemical composition, melting behaviour, density, surface tension, morphology, dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity. In addi tion, the thickness of the slag depositions was measured after reactor shut-down. The analyses and measurements provided complete and consistent data for the development of slag layer and slag flow models. The predictions of one-dimensional slag layer simulations showed good to fair agreement with the measured slag thickness data.

Biogenic and anthropogenic feedstocks can be converted into high-quality and hydrogen-rich synthesis gas through high-pressure entrained flow gasification. However, robust pilot-scale process data is essential for the optimisation, design and scale-up of this process. Therefore, this study conducted pilot-scale experiments, developed balancing and equilibrium models for performance analysis and derived input and validation data for CFD models. The experiments were carried out at the bioliq Entrained Flow Gasifier plant using mixtures of ethylene glycol or beech wood pyrolysis oil with glass beads, thermal inputs of up to 5 MW and operating pressures of 40 bar. The cooling screen was recoated before the experiments to ensure well-defined heat transfer conditions. The data from on-line measurements and off-line analyses was evaluated with emphasis on the synthesis gas condition before quenching, the heat extraction from the inner reactor chamber and the carbon conversion. The results show that the balancing model provides consistent and accurate predictions and the equilibrium model is able to track the generated process data. Specifically, the balancing predictions are accurate if the solution of CO2 in the quench water is accounted for, if undetected intermediates are described as lost carbon and lost atomic hydrogen and if further chemical reactions in the quench water are avoided by appropriate operating conditions.

A continuously operated optical measurement system for observation and characterization of the flame structure in an entrained-flow gasifier operated at 40 bar and 1200 degrees C is presented. The experimental setup, the image processing system, and the derived parameters for flame characterization are introduced. First results from gasification experiments concerning flame lift-off distance, flame angle, and flame dynamics are demonstrated.

The bioliq (R) process, developed at the Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, aims at the production of synthetic fuels and chemicals from biomass. The bioliq (R) technology is based on a two-step process with decentral pyrolysis for the production of a transportable slurry from residual biomass and the central entrained-flow gasification of the slurry by using biomass-to-liquid technology. This study is focused on the slag, which is formed by melting the inorganic ash components during gasification. To operate the gasifier smoothly, a range of desired viscosity has to be defined. A structure-based viscosity model was used to predict the viscosity of the slags at the gasifier outlet. A good agreement between experimental and calculated viscosities is achieved for fully liquid slag systems.

The bioliq (R) process was developed at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) for the production of synthetic fuels from dry biomass residues. Biofuels of high quality are produced sustainably in various process steps. This multistage process not only considers the necessity for decentralized supply of the biomass, but also the necessity for a large centralized fuel synthesis that benefits from economy of scale. The entire process chain of pyrolysis, gasification, gas cleaning, and synthesis is operated on a pilot scale at KIT. The high-pressure entrained-flow gasifier converts the biomass, pretreated in a fast pyrolysis step, into a synthesis gas for the production of gasoline in the subsequent synthesis step. The first experimental results from the pilot plant are presented in this paper.

Das bioliq®-Verfahren wurde am Karlsruher Institut fur Technologie (KIT) zur Herstellung von synthetischen Kraftstoffen aus Restbiomasse entwickelt. Das mehrstufige Verfahren berucksichtigt sowohl die dezentrale Verfugbarkeit von Biomasse als auch die Notwendigkeit einer grostechnischen Synthese von Kraftstoffen. Der gesamte Prozess wird im Pilotmasstab am KIT betrieben. Der Hochdruckflugstromvergaser, von Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions, wandelt die in einer Schnellpyrolyse vorbehandelte Biomasse in Synthesegas um, das in der anschliesenden Synthese zur Benzinproduktion eingesetzt wird. Erste Ergebnisse der Anlage werden prasentiert.

Biofuels of the second generation can contribute significantly to the replacement of the currently used fossil energy carriers for transportation fuel production. The lignocellulosic biomass residues used do not compete with food and feed production, but have to be collected from wide‐spread areas for industrial large‐scale use. The two‐stage gasification concept bioliq offers a solution to this problem. It aims at the conversion of low‐grade residual biomass from agriculture and forestry into synthetic fuels and chemicals. Central element of the bioliq process development is the 2–5 MW pilot plant along the complete process chain: fast pyrolysis for pretreatment of biomass to obtain an energy dense, liquid intermediate fuel, high‐pressure entrained flow gasification providing low methane synthesis gas free of tar, hot synthesis gas cleaning to separate acid gases, and contaminants as well as methanol/dimethyl ether and subsequent following gasoline synthesis. After construction and commissioning of the individual process steps with partners from industry, first production of synthetic fuel was successfully achieved in 2014. In addition to pilot plant operation for technology demonstration, a research and development network has been established providing the scientific basis for optimization and further development of the bioliq process as well as to explore new applications of the technologies and products involved. WIREs Energy Environ 2017, 6:e236. doi: 10.1002/wene.236 This article is categorized under: Bioenergy > Science and Materials Bioenergy > Systems and Infrastructure

The challenges of future regarding the energy supply are linked to the limitation of fossil fuels, the avoidance of climatic relevant gases, and the worldwide increasing demand for energy. Therefore, the future energy supply is characterized by the increase of renewable energy: sun, water, wind and biomass. Entrained flow gasification of biomass is promising, since it is a highly efficient and flexible process. Low-grade fuels are chemically transformed at high temperatures (>1200 °C) and pressures (up to 80 bar) into synthetic fuels. The inorganics of the fuel are converted into a slag, which forms a layer in the reactor. The thermophysical and chemical properties of the slag are defining the conditions and limitations of the gasification process. In this study, the fundamental thermophysical properties of bioliq slags are determined, in order to describe the heat transfer and the flow of the slag across the reactor by CDF-modelling of the bioliq-gasifier within the HVIGasTech project. By using a high temperature viscometer the viscosity and flow behavior of the slag were determined. In addition, the density and surface tension were measured by the sessile drop method. Thermometric and calorimetric methods were used to provide a detailed view onto the slags heat capacity and phase transitions. Thermodynamic calculations using FactSage and an in-house developed thermodynamic database for available solution phases and compounds were performed to obtain information about the ash-slag transformation.

The release of HCl is an important parameter for industrial combustion and gasification processes, which must be determined in the ppm range for active process control and optimization. Based on a low power vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) at 1.74 μm, we developed a new tuneable diode laser absorption spectrometer for calibration-free, absolute in situ HCl detection using the H35Cl (2 ← 0) R(3) absorption line with minimized cross-sensitivity to CO2 and H2O. The spectrometer was applied to in situ measurements in a gasification process (T = 1,130°C, P = 1 atm, L = 28 cm) and yielded an optical resolution of 2.3·10−4, i.e. a HCl sensitivity of 45 ppm (13 ppm·m).

Chemie Ingenieur TechnikVolume 81, Issue 8 p. 1141-1141 PosterFree Access Chemischer Quench bei der Flugstromvergasung von Biomasse P. T. Fertl Dipl.-Ing., P. T. Fertl Dipl.-Ing. patrick.fertl@ciw.uni-karlsruhe.de Engler-Bunte-Institut (EBI), Universität Karlsruhe, Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany Institut für Technische Chemie (ITC-TAB), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorM. Eberhard Dipl.-Ing., M. Eberhard Dipl.-Ing. Institut für Technische Chemie (ITC-TAB), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorT. Kolb Prof. Dr.-Ing., T. Kolb Prof. Dr.-Ing. Engler-Bunte-Institut (EBI), Universität Karlsruhe, Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany Institut für Technische Chemie (ITC-TAB), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorS. Bajohr Dr.-Ing., S. Bajohr Dr.-Ing. Engler-Bunte-Institut (EBI), Universität Karlsruhe, Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorR. Reimert Prof. Dr.-Ing., R. Reimert Prof. Dr.-Ing. Engler-Bunte-Institut (EBI), Universität Karlsruhe, Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, GermanySearch for more papers by this author P. T. Fertl Dipl.-Ing., P. T. Fertl Dipl.-Ing. patrick.fertl@ciw.uni-karlsruhe.de Engler-Bunte-Institut (EBI), Universität Karlsruhe, Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany Institut für Technische Chemie (ITC-TAB), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorM. Eberhard Dipl.-Ing., M. Eberhard Dipl.-Ing. Institut für Technische Chemie (ITC-TAB), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorT. Kolb Prof. Dr.-Ing., T. Kolb Prof. Dr.-Ing. Engler-Bunte-Institut (EBI), Universität Karlsruhe, Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany Institut für Technische Chemie (ITC-TAB), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorS. Bajohr Dr.-Ing., S. Bajohr Dr.-Ing. Engler-Bunte-Institut (EBI), Universität Karlsruhe, Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorR. Reimert Prof. Dr.-Ing., R. Reimert Prof. Dr.-Ing. Engler-Bunte-Institut (EBI), Universität Karlsruhe, Engler-Bunte-Ring 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe, GermanySearch for more papers by this author First published: 19 August 2009 https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.200950433AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume81, Issue8Special Issue: ProcessNet‐Jahrestagung und 27. Jahrestagung der BiotechnologenAugust, 2009Pages 1141-1141 RelatedInformation