This study aimed to investigate the changes in the microbiome on the inner surface of clear aligners following the consumption of Coca-Cola. The pH value and bacterial composition on the inner surface of clear aligners were assessed over five wearing cycles in three groups of subjects: those with a normal diet (Group A), those who drank Coca-Cola while wearing the aligners (Group C), and those who drank Coca-Cola after removing the aligners (Group B). Microbial analysis was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) abundance profiling. The pH of the fluid inside the aligners significantly decreased immediately after Coca-Cola consumption (0 hour) in Groups B and C (p < 0.05). Group B exhibited the most pronounced decline in pH and alpha diversity at 12 hours, along with the highest beta diversity among the groups (p < 0.05). In Group A, the relative abundances of the phylum Actinobacteria was highest at 0 hour, Bacteroidetes at 12 hours, and class Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and species Haemophilus influenzae peaked at 24 hours; conversely, Neisseria subflava showed the lowest abundance compared to Groups B and C (p < 0.05). Compared to Group C, Group B demonstrated higher levels of phylum Fusobacteria at 4 hours and 12 hours, and lower Actinobacteria abundance at 8 hours (p < 0.05). Consumption of Coca-Cola induces unfavorable changes in the microbiome on the inner surface of clear aligners. Notably, drinking Coca-Cola without wearing the aligners resulted in a lower pH and greater microbial imbalance, especially at 12 hours post-consumption.

ObjectiveA link between periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been identified, and interleukin-33 (IL-33) may play an important role in the common inflammatory mechanisms of these diseases. This study analyzed the associations of the serum IL-33 level with the occurrence and severity of periodontitis and COPD.MethodsA total of 161 participants were divided into four groups: healthy volunteers, periodontitis patients, COPD patients, and patients with both COPD and periodontitis. Associations between serum IL-33 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and clinical factors as well as the risks and severity of periodontitis and COPD were analyzed.ResultsSerum IL-33 levels were lower in all patient groups than in healthy controls. A trend toward lower IL-33 levels was observed among patients with both diseases compared with patients with either disease alone. The serum IL-33 level was also inversely associated with the severity of periodontitis and COPD. The serum IL-33 level was negatively associated with risks of periodontitis and COPD, indicating that IL-33 is likely involved in the pathophysiologic mechanism of the relationship between COPD and periodontitis.ConclusionThis study advances our understanding of the association between COPD and periodontitis and provides new bases for COPD prevention and treatment.

Objective:To analyze the salivary peptide profiles of patients with periodontitis (PD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), to identify differentially expressed peptides that are associated with diseases, to explore for biomarkers with potential diagnostic significance, and to probe for new perspectives for the early prevention and treatment of COPD.Methods:A total of 10 PD patients (the PD group), 10 PD patients with COPD (the PD plus COPD group), and 8 healthy controls (the Control group) were selected for the study. The clinical data and saliva samples of the subjects were collected. Salivary supernatant samples were separated and purified with weak-cation-exchange magnetic bead-based (WCX-MB). With matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), the biodata of the samples were obtained and differential salivary peptide profiling was conducted to screen for peptides exhibiting inter-group differences. In addition, all the differentially expressed peptides were examined and verified with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).Result:An average of 77 peptide mass peaks were detected among three groups, the peaks intensities differed significantly for 10 peptides between PD patients and PD patients with COPD. Among them, eight peptides (1193.5, 1836.2, 1735.1, 1321.3, 1356.8, 2086.8, 1863.6, and 2230.9) showed increased expression and two peptides (1067.3 and 1124.4) showed decreased expression in the PD plus COPD group, in comparison with the PD group. Among the 10 differential peptides, 1193.5 and 1356.8 were identified as histidine-rich protein-1, submaxillary gland androgen-regulated protein 3B, and salivary acidic proline-rich protein 1/2.Conclusion:With WCX-MB and MALDI-TOF-MS, we have identified, from the saliva of patients with concomitant PD and COPD, differentially expressed salivary peptides that were associated with diseases. The differentially expressed peptides thus screened out show promises for being used as auxiliary biomarkers for early diagnosis of COPD.

Background To investigate the difference in the structural composition of salivary flora between chronic periodontitis patients with and without diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods Thirty salivary samples of 15 chronic periodontitis patients with DN (DN group) and 15 chronic periodontitis patients with diabetes but without DN (DM group) were subjected to pyrosequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16 s ribosomal RNA genes. After diversity testing, the differential flora were analyzed. The sequencing results were compared with GenBank database to determine the type of differential flora using species composition analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, principal co-ordinate analysis, and species difference analysis. Results There were significant between-group differences with respect to Gemella , Selenomonas spp , Lactobacillales_unclassified, Bacteria-unclassified and Abiotrophia ( p < 0.05). Compared with DM group, the relative abundance of Selenomonas spp. in DN group was significantly higher; the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of Selenomonas spp. was 0.713 ( P < 0.05). Multi-level biological identification and feature maps indicated that Selenomonas spp. might be used as a potential biomarker for DN patients. On binary logistic regression analysis, increase of Selenomonas spp. was related with DN. Conclusions We found significant between-group differences in the structural composition of oral flora. The increase in the relative abundance of Selenomonas spp. may be associated with DN in patients with chronic periodontitis.

目的 评价添加蒲地蓝成分口腔喷雾剂改善口臭及促进牙龈健康的疗效,为临床治疗提供科学依据.方法 选取2021年5-9月于首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院口腔科就诊的自觉口臭的60例患者为研究对象,随机分为蒲地蓝组和对照组,每组30例.蒲地蓝组采用添加蒲地蓝和西吡氯铵(0.03 mg/ml)成分的口腔喷雾剂,对照组采用不含蒲地蓝的西吡氯铵(0.03 mg/ml)口腔喷雾剂.为了解治疗效果,在使用前,使用1周、2周、4周后对感官口气值、可挥发性硫化物(VSCs)、牙龈出血指数(BI)和牙龈指数(GI)进行评价.采用SPSS 21.0统计学软件进行t 检验,x2检验,重复测量资料方差.结果 蒲地蓝组和对照组治疗过程中感官口气值、VSCs、BI和GI均有所下降,且蒲地蓝组显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学差异(P＜0.01).结论 蒲地蓝口腔喷雾剂可有效改善口臭,并且有利于牙龈健康.

目的 研究不同血糖控制水平的糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)患者的牙周状况及特点,探讨牙周炎症程度对糖尿病肾病患者血糖控制的作用.方法 纳入119例糖尿病肾病患者,分为两组,糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)良好(HbA1c<7％)组27例和糖化血红蛋白不良(HbA1c≥7％)组92例.牙周检查内容包括探诊深度(probing depth,PD)、出血指数(blood index,BI)、临床附着丧失(clinical attachment loss,CAL)以及口内余留牙数,口腔健康问卷包括口腔健康行为等.血清检测指标包括HbA1c、空腹血糖、总胆固醇等.结果 与HbA1c<7％组的患者相比,HbA1c≥7％组患者的PD(3.99±1.05 vs 3.49±0.93,P=0.031)、BI(3.45±0.58 vs 3.10±0.67,P=0.001)、CAL(6.40±2.18 vs 5.37±1.99,P=0.003)、PD≥4 mm百分率(中位数:54.17％vs 38.15％,P=0.001),PD≥5mm百分率(中位数:24.13％vs 12.85％,P=0.028)增加,差异具有统计学意义.多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,除空腹血糖增加与HbA1c控制不良高度相关外,牙周检查指标CAL增加与DN患者HbA1c控制不良亦高度相关(OR=1.36,95％CI:1.01-1.83,P=0.043).结论 糖尿病肾病患者的HbA1c控制情况与牙周炎症程度有关,CAL增加与糖尿病肾病患者HbA1c控制不良高度相关.

Objective: To determine the ratio of ingerleukin(IL)-10 secreting regulatory B cells (B10 cells) and the levels of IL-10 in peripheral blood of periodontitis patients with or without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to explore the function of B10 cells in the pathogenesis of the interaction between COPD and periodontitis. Methods: Forty-five periodontitis patients and healthy people were recruited and divided into three groups: COPD group, COPD+periodontitis group and health controls with 15 people in each group. Peripheral blood samples were collected to determine the B10 population. Another group of 93 periodontitis patients and healthy people were also collected and divided into the same 3 groups with 31 people in each group. Peripheral blood samples were collected to determine the cytokine IL-10. Results: After stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)+phorbol-12-myristate13-acetate+ionomycin+brefeldin A (PIB) for 5 h, the ratio of B10 in COPD+periodontitis group [(0.44±0.11)%] was significantly lower than that in the control group [(0.63±0.14)%] and periodontitis group [(0.62±0.13)%] (P<0.01), respectively. The ratio of B10 cells showed no significant difference between periodontitis group and healthy control group (P>0.05). After stimulation with LPS+PIB for 48 h, the ratio of B10 cells in COPD+periodontitis group [(7.59±1.33)%] was significantly lower than that in the periodontitis group [(10.14±2.02)%] and the healthy controls [(11.80±1.71)%] (P<0.01), respectively. The ratio of B10 cells in periodontitis group was significantly lower than that in the healthy controls (P<0.05). The levels of IL-10 in periodontitis group [(2.55±0.61) ng/L] and COPD+periodontitis group [(1.95±0.45) ng/L] were significantly lower than that in the control group [(3.96±1.15) ng/L] (P<0.01) respectively. Moreover, the level of IL-10 in COPD+periodontitis group was significantly lower than that in the periodontitis group (P<0.01). Conclusions: The dysfunction of immune system caused by the decreased proportion of B10 cells might be involved in the pathological process of COPD promoted by periodontitis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS:Tooth avulsion is the most severe traumatic tooth injury. Immediate replantation after avulsion provides the highest success rate, whereas delayed replantation with dehydration for >1 h always results in ankylosis, replacement resorption, and eventual tooth loss. The aim of this study was to investigate the geomorphologic change of ultrastructure on tooth root surfaces due to dehydration.MATERIAL AND METHODS:Twenty-four sound human premolars and fully developed third molars without periodontitis were selected for the experiment. Roots were separated into 6-7 pieces with an intact root surface area (3 × 3 mm2 ) and then divided into the following groups: fresh group, prolonged dehydration groups (air drying for 1, 2, 4, 12, or 24 h), and dehydrated teeth (air drying for 2 h) treated with acid (Tris-HCl buffer or citric acid buffer). More than six pieces of root from each group were subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. Captured images were exported to ImageJ software to quantitatively analyze the areas covered with fibers. Statistical significance was determined by comparing the means of the different groups using t-testing or one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc testing.RESULTS:Fibrous "vegetation" covering the cementum was observed on the fresh root surface by SEM. This was destroyed by dehydration (>1 h), resulting in a root surface resembling the "Gobi Desert." The difference was statistically significant (p < .001). Root surface deteriorated by dehydration could be recovered by the re-use of the fibers embedded in the cementum as acid demineralization of the outer layer of cementum exposed the embedded fibers to simulate the geomorphology of fresh root surface.CONCLUSIONS:Dehydrated teeth had deteriorated geomorphology of the root surface, which could be reversed by the re-use of the fibers embedded in the cementum using citric acid. Direct evidence from SEM gives new insights into the replantation of dehydrated avulsed teeth.

Objective: The oral microbiota plays a key part in the initial colonization by pathogens and the chronic inflammatory reaction of the host. We measured variations in the salivary microbiota and evaluated their potential associations with periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: We investigated the salivary microbiota of patients with COPD and periodontitis (n = 21) compared with that in patients with periodontitis alone (n = 36) and with healthy controls (HCs; n = 14), using pyrosequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16s rRNA genes. Results: Bacterial richness and diversity were significantly higher in patients suffering from COPD, and the bacterial family Lachnospiraceae was observed frequently only among patients with COPD and periodontitis. Veillonella, Rothia, Actinomyces, and Fusobacterium were the core bacterial genera that showed significant differences among patients with coincident COPD and periodontitis, patients with periodontitis alone, and HCs (p < 0.05). Veillonella, Rothia, and Actinomyces were observed much more frequently in patients with COPD and periodontitis, compared with that in HCs. All tested populations were divided into subgroups based on sex, smoking, or periodontitis index. In the subgroup with a bleeding index >2, Rothia was significantly different in periodontitis with and without COPD groups compared with HCs. In the subgroup with a plaque index >2.5, Rothia and Veillonella showed significant differences in periodontitis with and without COPD groups compared with HCs. Conclusion: Variations in salivary microbiota may be associated with COPD and periodontitis.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin D in rat models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and periodontitis. Animals with both periodontitis and COPD, or with periodontitis only, were established. Once the animal model was established, experimental groups received intraperitoneal injections of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3) for 8 weeks, while control groups received refined peanut oil. After sacrifice, inflammatory status was examined in terms of the serum levels of receptor activator of the nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL-1 and IL-10), as well as alveolar bone loss, forced expiratory volume (0.20) (FEV 0.20), and the ratio of FEV0.2 to forced vital capacity. The results showed that 25-OHD3 treatment significantly alleviated inflammation by decreasing the serum levels of RANKL, TNF-α and IL-1 and increasing that of IL-10, while reducing alveolar bone loss and slightly improving lung function. These findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation could be a new clinical approach for the treatment of COPD and periodontitis.

AIM:To evaluate the adjunctive efficacy of Er:YAG laser use with mechanical scaling and root planing (SRP) for non-surgical treatment of periodontitis.MATERIALS AND METHODS:In a randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial, 27 patients were recruited. Using a split-mouth design, two quadrants were randomly allocated into either a test group or a control group. The test quadrants received Er:YAG laser (ERL; 100 mJ/pulse; 15 Hz to hard tissue and 50 mJ/pulse; 30 Hz to soft tissue) plus SRP treatment, while the control quadrants received SRP only. We evaluated periodontal indexes, including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding index (BI), and plaque index (PLI) at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months.RESULTS:The PD and CAL means in the ERL + SRP group were significantly lower than those in the SRP group at 3-month follow-up (PD: 2.98 ± 0.38 mm vs. 3.09 ± 0.35 mm; CAL: 4.51 ± 0.69 mm vs. 4.72 ± 0.67 mm) and 6-month follow-up (PD: 2.91 ± 0.31 mm vs. 3.02 ± 0.30 mm; CAL: 4.52 ± 0.65 mm vs. 4.72 ± 0.66 mm; p = 0.03 for both PD and CAL). There were no significant differences in BI and PLI between two groups.CONCLUSIONS:The Er:YAG laser treatment combined with conventional SRP significantly improved PD and CAL compared to SRP therapy alone; however, these differences were very small and, as a result, the adjunctive effect of Er:YAG laser is likely to be minimal clinically important.

Objectives: Based on the concept of health quotient (HQ), we designed and facilitated personalized plans to improve patients' compliance and oral health. The study aims to increase HQ level of patients with chronic periodontitis from four aspects, namely self-care, health knowledge, lifestyle, and mental health, and evaluate the effects of HQ training in maintaining oral health. Method: In total, 105 patients with chronic periodontitis were recruited from Capital Medical University-Affiliated Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from January 2015 to January 2017. The patients were randomly split into two groups (control versus test). All the patients received standard periodontal treatments. In addition, patients in the control group received conventional oral health instructions, and patients in the test group received the HQ training. At the end of the training, oral health status of both groups was evaluated and recorded. Results: The oral health status and the HQ scores were significantly better in the test group than the control group (P < 0.01). The training in HQ provided a better guidance for patients in oral health maintenance and further improved patients' compliance. Conclusion: HQ training for patients with chronic periodontitis increased their scores in self-care and health knowledge and significantly slowed down the progression of chronic periodontitis.

目的 研究TLR4 rs1927907、rs11536889基因多态性与慢性牙周炎及COPD下游炎性通路中细胞因子的关系.方法 选择慢性牙周炎患者81例,COPD患者27例,慢性牙周炎伴COPD患者76例,健康对照者26例.采集所有受试对象的静脉血,分离血细胞与血清.提取白细胞基因组DNA,采用TaqMan MGB探针法对TLR4 rs1927907、rs11536889进行基因型检测.采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α 的水平.结果 牙周炎组,rs11536889 GG基因型患者血清中的TNF-α 水平显著低于GC+CC基因型患者(P=0.038).慢性牙周炎伴COPD组中,rs11536889 GG基因型患者血清中的IL-6水平显著高于GC+CC基因型患者(P=0.006).其余2组rs1927907、rs11536889基因型与血清中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α 水平无显著差异(P>0.05).结论 在慢性牙周炎组和慢性牙周炎伴COPD组中,TLR4 rs11536889基因多态性与TNF-α、IL-6的表达有关,可能增强了机体介导的炎症反应.

Abstract IL-10 expressing regulatory B cells (B10) play a key role in immune system balance by limiting excessive inflammatory responses. Effects of toll-like receptor signaling and co-stimulatory molecules on B10 activity during innate and adaptive immune responses are not fully understood. Objective This study is to determine the effects of P. gingivalis LPS and CpG on B10 cell expansion and IL-10 competency in vitro. Material and Methods Spleen B cells were isolated from C57BL/6J mice with or without formalin-fixed P. gingivalis immunization. B cells were cultured for 48 hours under the following conditions: CD40L, CD40L+LPS, CD40L+CpG, and CD40L+LPS+CpG in the presence or absence of fixed P. gingivalis. Percentages of CD1dhiCD5+ B cells were measured by flow cytometry. IL-10 mRNA expression and secreted IL-10 were measured by real-time quantitative PCR and by ELISA respectively. Results P. gingivalis LPS plus CD40L significantly increased CD1dhiCD5+ B cell percentages and secreted IL-10 levels in both immunized and non-immunized mice B cells in the presence or absence of P. gingivalis, compared with control group. Secreted IL-10 levels were significantly increased in CD40L+LPS treated group compared with CD40L treatment group in the absence of P. gingivalis. CpG plus CD40L significantly decreased CD1dhiCD5+ B cell percentages, but greatly elevated secreted IL-10 levels in immunized and non-immunized mice B cells in the absence of P. gingivalis, compared with CD40L treatment group. Conclusions P. gingivalis LPS and CpG differentially enhance IL-10 secretion and expansion of mouse B10 cells during innate and adaptive immune responses.

Objective:To determine the bacteriostasis effects of Extract of Boswellin on two kinds of periodontal pathogens.Methods:Dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration of extract of Boswellin for Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg),Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn).The antimicrobial characters of Extract of Boswellin and 0.2％ Gel Gingival hyaluronic acid on the two kinds of pathogens were evaluated by disk diffusion method.Results:The MIC of Boswellin extract on Pg and Fn was 0.325％,and the MBC of Boswellin extract was 0.325％ for Pg,and MBC for Fn was 2.5％.Extract of Boswellin showed different antimicrobial effects on the two periodontal pathogens (Pg ＞Fn).The best antimicrobial concentration of Extract of Boswellin were 5％.The antimicrobial effect of 10％ Extract of Boswellin was better than that of GHA on Pg (P＜0.05).Conclusions:Extract of Boswellin have inhibition effect on Pg and Fn,and the best antibacterial concentration was 5％.The Extract of Boswellin has better antibacterial effect on Pg than Fn.

This study was conducted to investigate the roles of different Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis)-induced and ligature-induced experimental periodontal bone resorption in mice. Wild-type (WT), TLR2 knockout (KO), TLR4KO, and TLR2&4 KO mice with C57/BL6 background were divided into three groups: control, P. gingivalis infection, and ligation. Live P. gingivalis or silk ligatures were placed in the sulcus around maxillary second molars over a 2-week period. Images were captured by digital stereomicroscopy, and the bone resorption area was measured with ImageJ software. The protein expression level of gingival RANKL was measured by ELISA. The gingival mRNA levels of RANKL, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 were detected by RT-qPCR. The results showed that P. gingivalis induced significant periodontal bone resorption in WT mice and TLR2 KO mice but not in TLR4 KO mice or TLR2&4 KO mice. For all four types of mice, ligation induced significant bone loss compared with that in control groups, and this bone loss was significantly higher than that in the P. gingivalis infection group. RANKL protein expression was significantly increased in the ligation group compared with that in the control group for all four types of mice, and in the P. gingivalis infection group of WT, TLR2 KO, and TLR4 KO mice. Expression patterns of RANKL, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 mRNA were different in the P. gingivalis infection group and the ligation group in different types of mice. In summary, P. gingivalis-induced periodontal bone resorption is TLR4-dependent, whereas ligation-induced periodontal bone resorption is neither TLR2- nor TLR4-dependent.

Objective To explore the expression level and clinical significance of serum interleukin-2 (IL-2),IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in patients with chronic periodontitis and chronic periodontitis complicated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods From August 2015-August 2016,31 COPD patients combined with chronic periodontitis were set as group A,31 patients with chronic periodontitis were set as group B,and another 31 healthy subjects were selected as the control group in Chaoyang Hospital.Each group extracted fasting venous blood 4 ml,serum inflammatory factors levels (IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,IFN-γ and TNF-α) were measured by cytometric bead array (CBA),periodontal condition [plaque index (PLI),clinical attachment loss (CAL),probing depth (PD),bleeding index (BI)] and lung function index [first 1 s forced expiratory volume％ of predicted value (FEV1％),first 1 s forced expiratory volume occupies the percentage of vital capacity (FEV1/FVC)] were compared.Results The PLI,CAL,PD and BI levels in group B were higher than those in control group,indicators of group A were higher than group B,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in FEV1 ％ and FEV1/FVC between group B and control group,indicators of group A were less than group B and control group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The serum levels of IL-4,IL-6,IFN-γ and TNF-α in group B were higher than those in control group,indicators of group A were significantly higher than group B,the levels of IL-2 and IL-10 in group B were significantly lower than those in control group,indicators of group A were significantly less than group B (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Periodontal status and lung function of chronic periodontitis and chronic periodontitis with COPD patients is not good,the serum levels of IL-4,IL-6,IFN-γ,and TNF-α were increased,and the serum levels of IL-2 and IL-10 were decreased,which might be important risk factors for chronic periodontitis and COPD happen and progress.Therefore,treatment regimen can be adjusted by detecting the levels of above indicators.

目的 检测并分析慢性牙周炎患者血清中白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-33、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、IL-6的浓度.方法 选取慢性牙周炎患者和健康人群共218人,采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测牙周炎患者的血清中IL-33、TNF-α、IL-6的浓度.结果 与健康人群相比,中度及重度牙周炎患者血清中的IL-33显著降低(P＜0.01),而重度牙周炎患者血清中的TNF-α显著升高(P＜0.01),中度及重度牙周炎患者血清中的IL-6浓度显著升高(P=0.042,P＜0.001).结论 血清中TNF-α、IL-6浓度与牙周组织炎性反应呈正相关关系,可以作为提示牙周炎活跃期的一个信号分子,而IL-33浓度与牙周组织炎性反应呈负相关关系,在慢性牙周炎病理过程中可能具有保护协调性的作用.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Han Chinese patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). Six candidate SNPs of TLR4—rs10759930, rs10983755, rs11536879, rs1927907, rs11536889 and rs7873784—and 18 haplotype-tagging SNPs (tagSNPs) were genotyped in 339 patients with chronic periodontitis only (CP group), and 373 CP patients with COPD (CP with COPD group). The genotype distribution and allele frequencies of TLR4 rs1927907 among the CP (AA: 26, 8.5%, AG: 109, 35.5%, GG: 172, 56.0%) and CP with COPD (AA: 41, 12.0%, AG: 143, 41.7%, GG: 159, 46.4%) groups were significantly different (P = 0.039). After adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, and oral hygiene habits, CP patients carrying the AG polymorphism in TLR4 rs1927907 were found to be more susceptible to concomitant COPD than those carrying the GG genotype (P = 0.005, OR = 1.94, 95% CI for OR: 1.22-3.03). In conclusion, TLR4 gene polymorphism plays a role in the common pathophysiology of CP and COPD, indicating that CP patients with TLR4 gene rs1927907 polymorphism may be more susceptible to COPD.