Background:There is growing evidence to suggest that ginsenoside Rd (GRd) has a therapeutic effect on depression, but the specific mechanisms behind its activity require further study.Objective:This study is designed to investigate the antidepressant-like effect and underlying mechanisms of GRd.Methods:In this study, the behavioral despair mouse model of depression and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model of depression were established to explore the effects of GRd on depression-like behavior and its underlying mechanisms. Behavioral tests were used to evaluate the replication of animal models and depression-like behaviors. The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) blocker 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) was injected to determine the role of HIF-1α in the antidepressant-like effect of GRd. In addition, molecular biology techniques were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1ɑ signaling pathway and synaptic plasticity-related regulators, that is synapsin 1 (SYN 1) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD 95). In silico binding interaction studies of GRd with focused target proteins were performed using molecular docking to predict the affinity and optimal binding mode between ligands and receptors.Results:Our data show that GRd significantly reversed depression-like behavior and promoted mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1ɑ signaling pathway and synaptic plasticity-related regulators. However, the antidepressant-like effect of GRd disappeared upon inhibition of HIF-1α expression following administration of 2-ME. Furthermore, molecular docking results showed that GRd possessed significant binding affinity for HIF-1α, VEGF, and VEGFR-2.Conclusion:Our results show that GRd exhibits significant antidepressant-like effect and that HIF-1α signaling pathway is a promising target for the treatment of depression.

辣木Moringa oleifera为辣木科辣木属多年生热带落叶乔木,广泛种植于亚洲、非洲的热带和亚热带地区.辣木叶中主要含有黄酮类、多酚类、苯丙素类、萜类、甾体类、生物碱类、异硫氰酸酯类以及多种有机酸类等化学成分,且这些成分表现出良好的降血糖、降尿酸、抗肿瘤、调血脂、抗氧化以及保肝等药理活性.主要对辣木叶化学成分和药理活性的研究进展进行综述,以期为进一步研究和开发利用辣木叶提供参考.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of Quercetin , Luteolin, pigenin in Matricaria Chamomila L.. Methods HPLC analysis was performed on Agilent Zorbox SB-C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with the methanol and phosphoric acid as mobile phase in equal degree model, and the column temperature was set at 25 ℃, and the flow rate was 1.0 ml.min-1 and the detecting wave length was at 350 nm. Results The linear response ranges were from 0.25-4.04 μg of Quercetin (r=1.000, n=6) and from 0.25-3.98 μg of Luteolin (r=1.000, n=6) and 0.25-4.02 μg of Apigenin (r=1.000, n=6);and the recoveries, the precision and the stability RSD of Quercetin, Luteolin and Apigenin meet the requirements. The average recovery rate of quercetin, luteolin and apigenin was 93.64%, 95.85% and 95.40%, respectively. Conclusions All 3 samples in Matricaria Chamomila.L were determined by HPLC. The method is simple, rapid, and reproducible. It can be used as reference for the quality control of Matricaria Chamomila L..

Objective To establish the quality standard for Bushen-Tongluo granules.Methods Drynariae rhizoma, Paeoniae radix alba, Cyathulae radix, Chuanxiongin rhizome were identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC), and the content of naringin and paeoniflorin was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) with chromatographic column Agilent C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), as the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid and the scan wave length were 230 and 283 nm. The column temperature was 30 . The flow rate ℃ was 1.0 ml/min. Results TLC could identify Drynariae rhizoma , Paeoniae radix alba, Cyathulae radix, Chuanxiongin rhizome effectively. Under the condition, there was a good linear relationship when the content of naringin was in 6.337 0-50.695 7 μg. There is also a good linear relationship when the content of paeoniflorin was in 26.065 8-130.328 8 μg. The average recovery rate of naringin was 97.13% and RSD was 1.19%.The average recovery rate of paeoniflorin was 96.61% and RSD was 1.51%. Conclusions The established methods are simple, specific, reproducible, and sensitive, and they can be used for the quality control of Bushen-Tongluo granules.

目的 建立手足清栓的质量标准.方法 观察手足清栓的性状,检查制剂的重量差异和融变时限;采用薄层色谱法(TLC)对手足清栓中的黄芩、炒栀子、青蒿和广藿香油进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法对黄芩苷和栀子苷进行含量测定:色谱柱为Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18,以甲醇-0.2％磷酸水溶液进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为280 nm(黄芩苷)和238 nm(栀子苷).结果 手足清栓为红棕色子弹形栓剂.制剂的重量差异小,融变时限符合要求.TLC图谱中呈现出黄芩、炒栀子、广藿香油、青蒿的特征性斑点.黄芩苷、栀子苷分别在4.088～408.8 μg·mL-1(r=0.9996)和1.599～159.9 μg·mL-1(r=0.9998)与峰面积呈良好的线性关系;平均加样回收率分别为99.8％(RSD=1.6％)和99.0％(RSD=1.1％).结论 本方法重复性好,可操作性强,可用于手足清栓的质量控制.

目的 优选清肠温中颗粒中黄连、三七、青黛的最佳醇提工艺.方法 以黄连生物碱、三七皂苷和靛玉红的提取率为指标,采用正交试验考察乙醇提取工艺,采用单因素试验考察离心工艺和浓缩干燥工艺.结果 优选的工艺为:黄连、三七、青黛3味药加10倍量60％乙醇,加热回流提取3次,每次1.5 h,提取液过滤,滤液5000 r/min离心10 min或7000 r/min离心5 min,所得离心液80℃以下减压回收乙醇,浓缩成相对密度为1.15～1.30 (60℃)的稠浸膏,50℃以下减压干燥,粉碎成细粉.结论 本研究确定的工艺稳定性好,合理可行,可为工业化生产提供参考.

Objective To optimize ambi-extracting and inclusion process of volatile oil from Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix. Methods With yield ratio of volatile oil and ferulic acid content in water extract as evaluation indexes, single factor experiments were used to study the extraction process. With the inclusion rate of volatile oil and yield of inclusion as evaluation indexes, saturated aqueous solution was used to L9(34) orthogonal experiments to reach optimum inclusion process. Results The optimum extraction process of Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix was extracted for 8 hours with 8 folds the amount of water, and without soaking. The validation experiments of extraction of volatile oil and ferulic acid content in water extract were 1.23 mL and 0.387 9 mg/g. The optimum conditions of inclusion process were as follows: volatile oil (mL): β-CD (g) was 1:8;inclusion temperature was 40 ℃; inclusion time was 3 hours. The validation experiments of inclusion rate of volatile oil and yield of inclusion were 74.89% and 72.81%. Conclusion Optimum ambi-extracting and inclusion process of volatile oil from Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Angelicae Sinensis Radix are feasible and stable, witch can provide certain supporting data for preparation production.

目的 优选胃康宁颗粒混合挥发油的提取工艺及β-环糊精(β-CD)的最佳包合工艺,并对其稳定性进行研究.方法 以挥发油提取量为指标,单因素试验考察挥发油的提取工艺;采用正交试验法,以挥发油包合率为指标考察饱和水溶液法的包合工艺;通过X射线衍射法、红外光谱法对包合物进行表征.对包合物和物理混合物进行高温、高湿试验,以挥发油的保留率及失重百分率为指标,考察其稳定性.结果 挥发油提取工艺为不浸泡,加10倍量水提取12 h;包合工艺为挥发油(mL)与β-CD(g)比例为1:10,以50℃的包合温度,包合3 h.X射线衍射法、红外光谱法均表明混合挥发油包合物已形成.在高温、高湿条件影响下,胃康宁挥发油经包合后较物理混合物的稳定性有显著提高.结论 优选得到的挥发油提取包合工艺稳定可行,可用于胃康宁颗粒生产,包合技术减少了制剂在制备及储存中的损失,并改善了挥发油的热稳定性及湿稳定性,适用于含挥发油的固体制剂生产.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for simultaneous determination the contents of galuteolin and apigenin 7-O-β-D glucoside in Matricaria recutita simultaneously.Methods The contents of galuteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside and apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside were determined on an Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-0.2％ phosphoric acid (34 ∶ 66) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and detected at a wavelength of 350 nm,column temperature was 30℃.Results The linear range of galuteolin-7-O-β-D glucoside and apigenin-7-0-β-D glucoside was 5.11 ～ 409.00,12.56 ～ 1 005.00 μg/ml,the correlation coefficient r ＞ 0.999 3,has a good linearity.Precision and stability meet the requirements,the recovery was 96.44％ ～ 103.55％ and 95.12％ ～ 101.52％,for galuteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside,apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside,respectively.Conclusion The method is simple,selective and has good repeatability.It can be used for the simultaneous determination of galuteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside and apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside in Matricaria recutita.

Liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS) was widely used for the identification of components from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) ,but the characterization of the unknown compounds was still a great challenge currently .Therefore ,there is an urgent need to establish a strategy for rapid and comprehensive identification of chemical ingredients in TCMs .In this study ,a mul‐tiple ingredients identification strategy was proposed based on the UPLC‐Q‐TOF MSE coupled with the UNIFI informatics platform .This method includes three steps :the first step was to set up an in‐house library based on the literature to complement the UNIFI database .The second step was to screen and verify the known ingredients from raw data .The peaks were screened preliminarily by UNIFITM platform based on the in‐house database .For the know n compounds ,based on the accurate mass ,fragment ions ,neutral losses , retention behaviors , reference standards , previous reports , the compounds were validated furtherly .The last step was to identify or characterize the chemical structures of the potential novel components with similar MS fragmentation pattern of the identified ingredients .The possible molecular formula was obtained by the accurate mass . The candidate compounds were obtained by the online database possible structure was verified by “Fragment match” function and characteristic frag‐ments .This strategy was successfully applied to identify and deduct components of Morinda officinalis How .. A total of 110 chemical components are identified from Morinda officinalis How .,including 8 oligosaccharides ,12 iridoids ,58 anthraquino‐nes and 32 other compounds .8 components are tentatively characterized ,including 5 iridoids ,2 glycosides compounds and 1 organic acid . Four of them are potential new compounds ,the other components are found in Morinda officinalis How .for the first time .This study provides an efficient data processing strategy to rapidly profile the chemical constituents of complicated herbal extracts .