The utilization of waste resources to synthesize functional materials is crucial for achieving environmentally sustainable development. In this context, the current investigation aims to develop a new material using waste chicken and camel bones as adsorbents for the removal of Pb2+ and Cd2 from polluted water. The Hydroxyapatite (HA) adsorbents of chicken (HB) and camel (CB) bones were prepared via chemical treatment with NaOH, HNO3, H2O2, and ethanol, and also those followed by carbonization. The physicochemical and microscopic characteristics of the adsorbents were analyzed via SEM, XRD, FT-IR, and BET surface area analyses. Adsorption studies of Pb2+ and Cd2+ were performed in a batch style that included initial metal concentration, pH, pHpzc, solution temperature, contact time, and adsorbent dose. The results revealed that the bone chemically activated with 0.1 M NaOH had greater adsorption of Cd2+ ion (99.7

Mangroves play an important role in reducing global warming and improving coastal and marine ecosystems. This research assessed the aquatic environment quality in some mangrove communities along Egyptian Red Sea coast compared to no-mangrove areas. In autumn 2021,the study was conducted in four regions: Safaga, Kalwaye, El-Quih, and Wadi El-Quih. The physicochemical parameters of the collected water samples were measured. The results showed that the levels of pH, temperature, turbidity, electric conductivity, salinity, NO2, and PO4 were all within the permissible limits of natural environment and mariculture according to CCME and MMWQS guidelines. They ranged between (7.57 – 8.60) ,(26.32 – 26.63 oC ),(0.31 – 3.20 NTU), (54.98 – 62.54 ms/cm ),(36.41 – 42.09 ppt) , ( 0.90 – 3.65 µg/L ), and (0.12 – 14. 33 µg/L), respectively. Nitrate levels in all locations' water samples were above the permissible limits, which ranged from 67.17 to 83 µg/L. Dissolved oxygen levels were above 5 mg/L in most areas, while in the El-Quih region, it decreased to a value between 2 and 4.35mg/L. Generally, the results indicated that the aquatic environment of mangrove communities in the El-Quih area possesses the lowest water quality compared to other study areas. This is attributed to the low levels of dissolved oxygen and high concentrations of nitrates, salinity, turbidity, and nitrites. The present study highlights the necessity of applying integrated environmental management (IEM) to mangrove communities in El-Quih area and other areas to support the achievement of sustainable development goals in the Red Sea area.

Lake Nasser in Egypt contains significant tilapia fish quantities, yet consumption remains low due to its geographical isolation from marketing and consuming areas. Therefore, investigating efficient and economical Tilapia fish drying methods is essential. The current study developed and tested a solar dryer based on solar energy collection, using evacuated tubes at three Nile Tilapia slice (NTS) thicknesses of 4, 8, and 12 mm, and an air velocity of 0.5 m/s. The obtained result of the solar dryer with evacuated tubes (SDET) was compared with the other results of the oven liquid petroleum gas (OLPG) as an industrial drying method. The results obtained showed that the air temperature inside the drying room of the SDET ranged between 44 and 75 °C. The average initial moisture content (MC) was 74.83% (w.b.). For both systems, the drying time ranged between 13 and 17 h at the same slice thickness. The effective moisture diffusivity was in the range of 0.87 × 10–11 to 5.66 × 10–11 m2/s. Furthermore, the mathematical modeling revealed the Modified Midilli (II) and Modified Henderson and Pabis models as the most suitable models to describe the drying behavior of NTS dried on SDET. On the other hand, the environmental analysis indicates that the developed SDET can mitigate approximately 273.6 tons of CO2 during its lifetime, resulting in a carbon credit equivalent of approximately 19,838.89 $. Additionally, the economic analysis of the SDET showed that the annual production of dried fish was 450 kg; this may result in substantial cost savings, amounting to a total of 608.4 $ per year. Also, the developed SDET had a payback period of approximately 0.413 years or less than half a year.

To remove ammonium ions at a low cost, this study utilized Corchorus olitorius leaves biosorbents. Various removal parameters are conducted to find the best ammonium removal method. They are the initial ammonium concentration, the adsorbent dose, the contact time, and pH. The fitted equilibrium data were accurately described and analyzed using the Freundlich, Temkin, Langmuir, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. Langmuir isotherm model R2 2 (0.9982), which has a maximum saturated monolayer sorption capacity of 5.62 mg g-1,-1 , was particularly amenable to the developed method. Good agreement was found between the experimental value of qe (4.05 mg g-1)-1 ) and calculated values of qe (4.14 mg g-1),-1 ), demonstrating that the adsorption process follows pseudo-second-order kinetics and resulting in a high value of R2 2 (0.9993). The adsorption procedure was conducted at various temperatures to assess how temperature impacts the thermodynamic parameters. Consistently negative values for Delta Go o across a wide temperature range demonstrate the spontaneity of biosorption reactions. Exothermicity (Delta Ho o =-91.98 kJ mol-1)-1 ) wa s measured during adsorption. A lower value for Delta S degrees at the solid solution interface between ammonium and adsorbent denotes less ss disorder and randomness in the system. The results of the experiments show that the leaves of the inexpensive and widely available plant Corchorus olitorius have a remarkable effect on ammonium ions removal from aqueous solutions.

A simple precipitation technique was used to synthesize novel modified Ag3PO4 (AP) with Ag2S (AS) and reduced graphene oxide (G). XRD, FT-IR, Raman spectra, HR-TEM, XPS, UV-Vis, and PL, were used to investigate the physicochemical and optical properties of the as-prepared materials. The produced AS/G/AP nanocomposites exhibited a more visible-light response, diminished bandgap energy, and enhanced the charge separation rate. For the first time, the photocatalytic efficiency of modified Ag3PO4 nanocomposites was tested in aqueous Cr(VI) reduction under visible light illumination. After 45 min of irradiation and adapting the dose to 0.05 g/L, the optimized composite with 20 wt%AS (20-AS/G/AP) attained the maximum photo-reduction efficiency of 98.7% for Cr(VI) with a rate constant of 0.0734 min-1, which is almost 49 times higher than pure AP. The XPS analysis of the spent catalyst confirmed the distinctive Cr(III) peaks. Moreover, the photocatalyst showed notable reus-ability for four cycles without substantial activity loss. Finally, the photo-reduction mechanism of the catalyst was suggested.

A novel rGO/Ag3PO4 nanocomposites were synthesized using a straightforward precipitation method. The asprepared rGO/Ag3PO4 nanocomposites were thoroughly characterized through different tools, and their catalytic activity for the decomposition of ibuprofen (IBU) antibiotic plus methyl orange (MO) dye was studied for the first time. The outcomes revealed the successful preparation of modified Ag3PO4. The rGO/Ag3PO4 nanocomposite exhibited exceptional photodegradation efficiency for MO dye (97 % removal in 90 min) and IBU antibiotic (90.3 % elimination in 240 min) displaying a rate constant of 0.0295, and 0.0085 min -1, respectively, under visible light illumination. The catalytic efficacy was optimized in degradation studies by changing variables like catalyst dose and solution pH. Radical scavenger studies have validated the impact of reactive species in antibiotic and dye decomposition. The holes were essential in photocatalytic decomposition. Furthermore, the photocatalyst can be recycled four times without losing much activity. Finally, the mechanism for the catalyst's photodegradation was proposed.

Abstract In this work, nanomuscovite adsorbents were prepared via intercalation with different organic intercalates (DTAB- TTAB- DTPA- PA- PN). The prepared nanoadsorbents were used to evaluate the removal of Cd2+ and Pb2+ from polluted water. Best nanomuscovite was prepared by Muscovite with DTPA. The selected nanomuscovite was characterized by XRD, TEM, EDX, FTIR and BET surface area. The maximum Cd2+ and Pb2+ removal efficiency of the prepared nanomuscovite ( 91.5% Cd and 97% Pb ) was observed at intial metal concentration 50 ppm, pH 6 for Pb2+ and pH 7 for Cd2+, adsorbent dosage 0.2 g, contact time 60 min, and solution temperature 25oC. Isotherm models (Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubunin–Radushkevich and Temkin isotherm models) were applied for the adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ on nanomuscovite adsorbent. The Langmuir isotherm model was well-fit by the adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ on nanomuscovite. The kinetics of adsorption were validated using the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich, and intra-particle diffusion models.. Adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ on nanomuscovite follows a pseudo-second order kinetic model in all four of the kinetic models. Thermodynamics parameters of Cd and Pb adsorption indicated exothermic and spontaneous processes for Cd2+ and Pb2+. The obtained results were applied to the real wastewater which indicated high Cd and Pb removal.

In this work, a simple, cheap, sensitive, and selective modified carbon paste electrode is proposed for the electroanalytical determination of Levofloxacin (LEVO), the drug used to treat pneumonia caused by coronavirus. The electrochemical polymerization method was applied to create a thin poly-murexide film (POMUR) on the bare carbon paste electrode (BCPE) surface to enhance its electrocatalytic activity. The peak current response of LEVO obtained by POMUR/CPE was increased by 14.2 μA compared to BCPE. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques were employed to characterize BCPE and POMUR/CPE. Under the optimal experimental circumstances, the prepared sensor was capable of determining LEVO with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 7.18 nM (S/N = 3) for a linear dynamic range of 25 – 1 × 103 nM utilizing differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Moreover, the practical applicability of POMUR/CPE for determining LEVO in pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples (human serum) demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity with a recovery of 95.08 – 100.5 %. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

The objective of this study is to explore the preparation and application of sludge produced in plants of drinking water treatment, to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from polluted water. Adsorbate (methylene blue) is prepared in the lab. as a stock solution. To create new adsorbents, chemical activation of the used sludge has been carried out. The activation is performed by HCl and H2O2 and a mixture of HCl and H2O2. The experiments were carried out under different boundary conditions, like the initial concentration of dye, dosage of adsorbent, solution pH, contact time, and temperature of the adsorption, to determine the optimum boundary conditions for operation. All of the experiments in this study were carried out in a batch system. The results show that sludge activation by a mixture of 2:1 HCl/ H2O2 was selected as the best chemically activated adsorbent (removal of 99.9%). For the best MB adsorption results, the following criteria must be met: 50 ppm initial dye concentration, 90 min of contact time, pH 7, and a dosage of 0.25 g of the adsorbent. Adsorbents suit the Langmuir and Freundlich models well, according to applications of the Freundlich Isotherm and Langmuir models.

Since the fluoroquinolone family of antibiotic drugs has recently been widely utilized to treat pneumonia during the COVID-19 pandemic spread, we shed light on them in our work. In the current investigation, a poly-murexide modified carbon paste electrode (PMUX/CPE) was utilized to detect second-generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CFLOX) in human serum samples and pharmaceutical formulations. PMUX/CPE showed high accuracy, good sensitivity, and selectivity toward CFLOX. For the morphological analysis of the fabricated sensor, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used. PMUX/CPE had an outstanding ability to enhance electron transfer compared to the unmodified electrode. The obtained differential pulse voltammograms (DPVs) exhibited that under ideal experimental conditions, the oxidation peak currents of CFLOX were linearly proportional to their concentration in the range of 0.05 to 3.00 µM, with a detection limit (LOD) and quantification limit (LOQ) of 0.0057 µM, and 0.0190 µM, respectively. With a recovery of 93.25%–104%, this method was effectively applied to detect CFLOX concentrations in pharmaceutical tablets and spiked human serum.

Bone biochar is used as an adsorbent in water pollution control because of its high surface area and pore volumes . This study is attempting to prepare a low-cost adsorbent from waste fish bones by chemical activation and use it for the removal of Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ from polluted water. The preparation of fish bone adsorbents involved two methods. The first method includes the chemical activation of waste fish bone using different chemical activators (0.001 M HNO 3 , 0.1 M NaOH, 0.5% H 2 O 2 , and ethanol) (FB), while the second one includes the calcination of waste fish bone after the chemical activation at 873 K (FB-Hy). The synthesized fish bone adsorbent (FB) was characterized by electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The effectiveness of the prepared adsorbent (FB) in removing Pb and Cd was evaluated based on contact time, solution pH, solution temperature, initial metal concentration, and adsorbent dose. Metal concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results show that 0.1 M NaOH activation of bone waste (FB) is suitable for higher adsorption of Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ compared with other activators. The maximum adsorption of Pb and Cd with the FB adsorbent was 99.74 and 99.35%, respectively, at optimum conditions (pH 6.0, contact time 30 min, initial metal concentration 10 ppm, adsorbent dosage 0.1 g, and temperature at 328 K). The results of kinetic adsorption obeyed a pseudo-second-order model. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were applied, and the adsorption was found to fit well with the Langmuir model. This study ended with the success of preparing an eco-friendly and low-cost fish bone adsorbent from the waste fish bone and using it for the removal of Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ from polluted water.

EDITORIAL article Front. Chem., 20 November 2023Sec. Analytical Chemistry Volume 11 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2023.1334117

Domestic and industrial wastewater contributed to some urban wastewater, which requires specific processing before being disposed into surface waters or reused for irrigation. This paper aimed to employ kaolin as an adsorbent to remove heavy metals from wastewater, as well as aeration and alum to remove nutrients. Experiment were conducted in three parts: first, involved using the aeration method to determine the ideal amount of time to remove or minimize the nutrients. Second, involves treating the solution with potassium alum using various alum doses at the obvious times to eliminate or minimize the nutrients, while third step involves treating the solution with kaolin ore with a size of < 63 & mu;m at various doses, pH, and contact times to remove heavy metals. The findings showed that the aeration method completely removed CO3, OH, PO4, NO3, Ca, and Mn ions after contact time equal 120, 24, 192, 24, 120, and 48 hrs, respectively. Applaying alum treatment method can remove completely CO3, OH, PO4, NO3, and Mn, after contact time 120, 24, 120, 24, and 24 hrs, respectively. When Kaolin ore used as adsorbent, the removal efficiency of Fe, Cd, Cr, Cu, Sr, Mn, and Zn were; 92, 100, 100, 100, 94, 100, and 88 % ,respectively in 24 hours contact time. The experiment succeeds in treatment of industrial wastewater that was within the range of specified limitations for disposing into surface water or reuse in irrigation field as stated by Egyptian standard code using the three successive treatment techniques.

In this study, nanomuscovite adsorbents were prepared by intercalation with various organic intercalates (DTAB-TTAB-DTPA-PA-PN) and used to remove Cd2+ and Pb2+ from polluted water. The best nanomuscovite was prepared using DTPA and muscovite (Muc/DTPA) and characterized by XRD, TEM, EDX, FTIR, and BET surface area. The developed nanoadsorbent was used to remove Cd2+ and Pb2+ from polluted water. The effect of various factors, including contact time, adsorbent dosage, solution pH, and temperature, was investigated. The results reveal that the maximum adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ was 91.5

Background: Selenium plays important role in the protection against lipid peroxidation; mediating inflammatory response.This study aimed to assess the effects of changes in plasma selenium on critically ill children.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study that was conducted on 40 critically ill children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit in Aswan university hospital.All children were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination and laboratory investigations including (CBC, CRP, Blood culture, and plasma selenium, estimated on 5 days after admission.Results: median age was 27 months, 55% of cases were males.15% had a history of pre-natal complication, 17.5% had a history of post-natal complication and 20% were developmentally-delayed. 30 % of cases had respiratory disorders, 20% had gastrointestinal disorders, and 15% had neurological disorders.15% of cases were positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae, 5% positive for Staph aureus, 2.5% positive for E. Coli and, 2.5% positive for Pseudomonas Aeruginosa.30% had pneumonic patches in chest X-ray.Median of selenium level was 0.52 μmol/L with range between 0.13 and 1.50.low selenium level was more among children with post-natal complication, p value =0.031.Conclusion: low plasma selenium among critically ill children admitted to intensive care unit.

The need for abundant photocatalyst in wastewater treatment is currently a must. A simple intercalation process was utilized to exfoliate Kaolinite clay mineral structure Al2Si2O5(OH)(4) into two-dimensional nanostructured separated layers operated in visible light range. The intercalating agents were hydrazine hydrate and urea. Detailed characterization confirmed the nanolayered structures of kaolinite hexagonal nanosheets (NK). In addition, Bandgap energy was reduced based on intercalating agents from 3.45 to 2.48 eV as revealed by light absorption spectra. The quenching of PL spectra for the nK has also been ascribed to the suppression of charge carrier recombination. The exfoliated nK was utilized to photodegrade Rhodamine B dye (RhB) and P-nitrophenol (PNP) as industrial pollutants in wastewater. The results showed 92.3% and 99.7% photodegradation of RhB and PNP within 180 min of visible-light irradiation utilizing the exfoliated NK by urea. We denote the boosted photocatalytic performance of this NK to the uncovered, low bandgap metal oxide inclusions on the exterior of NK besides the nitrogen doping due to exfoliation with urea. This simple exfoliation has modified abundant and stable clay nanolayers that are a promising alternative for the eminent nanostructured oxide photocatalysts to overcome the organic pollutants in wastewater at a high scale.

: TiO 2 was synthesized from titanium tetraisopropoxide in the presence of H 2 O and H 2 O 2 to form TiO 2(H 2 O) and TiO 2(H2O2) respectively. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) was utilized to investigate the thermal stability and select proper calcination temperatures of the solid powders used to prepare the oxides. Accordingly, TiO 2 was obtained by calcination at 550 and 750°C. These oxides were characterized by TEM, XRD, FTIR, XRF and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Results showed that TiO 2(H2O2) is more thermally stable than TiO 2(H2O) and its nanoparticles are smaller. TiO 2(H2O2)(550) was doped with palladium to form Pd/TiO 2(H2O2)(550) . The effect of palladium on the properties of TiO 2(H2O2)(550) was discussed. Palladium showed no significant effect on the phase composition and crystal size of TiO 2(H2O2)550 . However, the absorption onset wavelength of Pd/TiO 2(H2O2)550 was significantly red shifted compared to that of TiO 2(H2O2)550 . Pure and doped TiO 2 were used as modifiers for carbon paste electrode. Modification of carbon paste electrode with different pure and palladium doped TiO 2 resulted in a significant increase in the peak current and the electrochemical active surface area. Among all the modifiers used in this study, Pd/TiO 2(H2O2)550 showed the most significant effect on the electrode properties.

In this study, composite Sludge adsorbent (ASN)/TiO2 was prepared from the drinking water treatment sludge ASN (activated with nitric acid) and nanoparticle TiO2 by the sol-gel method, followed by using it to remove Rhodamine-B (RB) dye from polluted water. The prepared composite was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and surface area N-2-adsorption/desorption analysis. Photocatalytic degradation of RB dye was investigated by UV and UV/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) irradiation. Parameters such as composite dosage, initial dye concentration, UV irradiation time, and solution pH were applied to obtain the optimum conditions for high RB dye degradation. The results showed that the highest RB dye degradation (96.7%) was using a 2:1 ratio of ASN/TiO2. High degradation of dye was achieved within 4 h at pH 7, 50 ppm dye concentration, and 0.125 g/50 ml composite dose. The maximum degradation of RB dye using the prepared composite under UV irradiation with H2O2 (99.85%) was higher than that with UV irradiation only (96.85%). The rate of the dye photocatalytic degradation followed the first-order kinetics.