Objective: This study aims to examine the evolving role of the ‘Ulama as theological leaders within the framework of Al-‘Ulama Warasatul Anbiya, focusing on the integration of Wasatiyyah (Islamic moderation) in Islamic political governance to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Historically, the ‘Ulama have distanced themselves from direct political involvement to preserve religious authority and avoid governance entanglements. However, this approach has often created a disconnect between the ‘Ulama and society, diminishing the relevance of religious leadership in addressing contemporary political and societal challenges. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework of this study draws on classical and modern Islamic political thought, particularly Ibn Taymiyyah’s Siyasah Shariyah, which emphasizes public trust (Amanah), cooperation (Ta'awun), and consultation (Shura). Literature Review: Previous literature highlights criticism of the reluctance of the ‘Ulama to reinterpret Islamic teachings in light of contemporary realities, which is seen as weakening their theological authority. Methods: This research employs qualitative methods, combining historical analysis and case studies. The data is critically analyzed to evaluate the role of the ‘Ulama in integrating Wasatiyyah into modern Islamic political governance. Results: The findings reveal that the Wasatiyyah approach provides a balanced framework for maintaining religious integrity while engaging in socio-political issues. The future relevance of the ‘Ulama depends on their ability to address modern challenges while upholding Islamic ethical values, guided by Maqasid al-Shari'ah (the higher objectives of Islamic law). Implications: The implications of this research suggest that active participation of the ‘Ulama in moderate political governance can enhance the role of religion in supporting SDGs, particularly in fostering just and inclusive governance. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in the integration of Wasatiyyah and Maqasid al-Shari'ah as an operational framework to address contemporary political and societal challenges.

This study explores the development and application of a Spiritual Political Index (SPI) from an Islamic theological perspective, emphasizing the impact of spiritual intelligence on political leadership and governance. Utilizing a qualitative, descriptive, and correlational approach, the research addresses challenges such as inclusivity across religious traditions and measuring intangible qualities such as spiritual intelligence (Alfahum Alruwhi). Findings show that incorporating spiritual intelligence into political decision-making, guided by Islamic principles (Mabadi' Iislamiatun) such as God-consciousness (Taqwa), trust in God (Tawakkul), consultation (Shura), and justice ('Adl), enhance political processes. The SPI, based on Islamic theology (Ilm Al-kalam), offers a framework to integrate spiritual values in politics, promoting ethical and effective leadership. It aims to align political leadership with both worldly aspirations and spiritual objectives ('Ahdaf Ruhia) while addressing the diverse needs of the nation (Al'uma). The research highlights the potential of spiritual intelligence in cultivating influential politicians through religious spirituality (Alsiyasiu Alsaalih Bialruwhaniat Aldiyniiti). It underscores the importance of a structured framework for fostering a just and humane society (Mujtamae Eadil Wa'iinsaniun). Additionally, integrating principles like Tawheed (unity), Khilafah (trusteeship), and 'Adl (justice) enhances spiritual governance, with Hikmah (wisdom) playing a crucial role in aligning spiritual values with practical leadership. Contemporary leaders are encouraged to draw on Islamic doctrines to address modern challenges, ensuring that spiritual and ethical dimensions inform policy-making and leadership.

It is crucial to integrate knowledge and democracy into Bangladesh's government to establish a fair and effective system for future leaders. Let us implement this new system to ensure our government serves citizens' needs fairly and justly. This research paper proposes a new method for selecting administrative and state councils at different levels of government based on the Integration/Islamization of Knowledge and Democracy. The study includes interviews with political leaders and experts from Bangladesh and extensive research on politics in the country. The theories involved in this research are from Prof. Emeritus Dato' Dr. Abdulhamid Abusulayman, Profesor Emeritus Tan Sri Dr. Mohd. Kamal bin Hassan, Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Mohamed Zein, and former colleagues and students of al-Faruqi and al-Attas. The two pathways to introduce IoK and modern democracy in Bangladesh and other states with political crises are: 1) Education reform to emphasize interdisciplinary learning, practical applications, and critical thinking, and 2) Government support for policies and funding to promote IoK initiatives, collaboration, and evaluations. Thus, the Integrated Knowledge of Federal Democracy System (IKOFDS) is a proposed governmental structure that aims to empower citizens, enhance governance efficiency, and foster collaborative decision-making. By combining Federalism with the Integration of Knowledge (IoK) and a robust democratic method, the (IKOFDS) seeks to create a balanced and responsive governance model that capitalizes on the strengths of Federalism, knowledge integration, and democratic principles.

This paper addresses the vital importance of fair and transparent elections as the foundation of a robust democracy, crucial for representing citizens' voices and fostering trust in the electoral process. In Bangladesh, the pursuit of fair elections faces significant challenges, including transparency issues, accountability concerns, and instances of voter fraud. This analysis presents a novel approach that combines Quranic principles with biometric voting technology to address the challenges faced by the current voting system. Taking inspiration from Islamic values, particularly those that emphasize justice, equality, and accountability, the proposed framework intends to improve the democratic aspect of e-voting in Bangladesh. By incorporating biometric authentication mechanisms, such as fingerprint or iris scanning, this framework seeks to ensure the integrity of the voting process while adhering to Quranic and Prophetic principles of fairness and transparency. This study explores the feasibility and implications of implementing such a system within Bangladesh's electoral landscape through a multidisciplinary approach that bridges Islamic scholarship, technological innovation, and political theory. By leveraging the potential of biometric voting technology guided by Quranic principles, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on electoral reform and democratization in Bangladesh, offering valuable insights into how technology and ethical considerations can intersect to strengthen democratic governance.

Daud Beureueh was a reformer and influential figure in Aceh, who developed many principles and strategies for the development of Islamic religious education. His focus on the social and political context and his commitment to integrating Islamic values with relevant educational practices significantly influenced his approach to Islamic education. The purpose of the study was to determine the relevance, approach and implementation of Daud Beureueh's thoughts in Islamic religious education in Aceh. The research method used a qualitative method with a case study approach. The data collection method was carried out by in-depth interviews, observation and documentation studies. The research results show that 1). Daud Beureueh's thoughts are still very relevant in strengthening Islamic religious education in the modern era in Aceh, especially in facing the challenges of globalization and maintaining a strong local and Islamic identity. 2). The approach used by Daud Beureueh in Islamic religious education in Aceh shows a balance between tradition and modernity, between locality and nationality, and between spirituality and intellectuality. 3). The implications of Daud Beureueh's thoughts on Islamic religious education policies in Aceh reflect his commitment to forming a society that is not only academically superior but also solid in Islamic principles.

This research paper, titled explores the conceptualization of time in the Qur'an and its integration into Islamic epistemology through Al-Ghazali’s theoretical framework. The study addresses the research problem of how Qur'anic depictions of time intersect with contemporary scientific theories, particularly focusing on their implications for understanding the nature of time and its relevance to modern scientific and philosophical discussions. Utilizing a secondary descriptive analysis methodology, the research systematically reviews and compares Qur'anic verses about time with current scientific theories such as Einstein's theory of relativity and cosmological concepts. The aim is to identify points of convergence and divergence between Qur'anic insights and scientific understandings, enriching the discourse on the interplay between religious wisdom and empirical knowledge. The findings reveal a harmonious interaction between spiritual and scientific narratives, demonstrating that the Qur'an’s portrayal of time as a complex, relative phenomenon aligns with modern scientific perspectives. This integration of the Integration of Knowledge (IOK) concept fosters a holistic understanding of time, bridging theological and scientific viewpoints and contributing to broader discussions in political and democratic domains. The study underscores the significance of interdisciplinary knowledge in addressing societal issues and highlights the potential for mutual enrichment between ancient wisdom and contemporary science. Future research should continue to explore these intersections and their implications for education and societal development. Makalah penelitian ini mengeksplorasi konseptualisasi waktu dalam Al-Qur'an dan integrasinya ke dalam epistemologi Islam melalui kerangka teori Al-Ghazali. Penelitian ini membahas masalah penelitian tentang bagaimana penggambaran waktu dalam Al-Qur'an bersinggungan dengan teori-teori ilmiah kontemporer, terutama berfokus pada implikasinya untuk memahami sifat waktu dan relevansinya dengan diskusi ilmiah dan filosofis modern. Dengan menggunakan metodologi analisis deskriptif sekunder, penelitian ini secara sistematis meninjau dan membandingkan ayat-ayat Al-Qur'an tentang waktu dengan teori-teori ilmiah saat ini seperti teori relativitas Einstein dan konsep-konsep kosmologi. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengidentifikasi titik-titik konvergensi dan divergensi antara wawasan Al-Qur'an dan pemahaman ilmiah, memperkaya wacana tentang interaksi antara kebijaksanaan agama dan pengetahuan empiris. Temuan-temuan tersebut mengungkapkan interaksi yang harmonis antara narasi spiritual dan ilmiah, yang menunjukkan bahwa penggambaran Al-Qur'an tentang waktu sebagai fenomena yang kompleks dan relatif selaras dengan perspektif ilmiah modern. Integrasi konsep Integrasi Ilmu Pengetahuan (IOK) ini menumbuhkan pemahaman holistik tentang waktu, menjembatani sudut pandang teologis dan ilmiah serta berkontribusi pada diskusi yang lebih luas dalam domain politik dan demokrasi. Penelitian ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya pengetahuan interdisipliner dalam menangani masalah-masalah sosial dan menyoroti potensi untuk saling memperkaya antara kebijaksanaan kuno dan ilmu pengetahuan kontemporer. Penelitian di masa depan harus terus mengeksplorasi persimpangan ini dan implikasinya bagi pendidikan dan pembangunan masyarakat.

This study aims to explore the extent of Islamization in Bangladesh during the tenure of democratically elected leaders Sheikh Hasina and Khaleda Zia. The objective is to analyze the state of democratic governance in Bangladesh from a religious perspective, focusing specifically on Islamic political epistemology. It begins by defining Islamic Political Epistemology and its significance in acknowledging Islam’s role in democratic power. This qualitative descriptive analysis examines recent research papers from highly ranked resources such as Scopus. It is important to note that specific methods can strengthen strategies for enforcing electoral decrees, improve credentials for arbitration through sovereignty within the dominion branch, and increase national participation in political acts and society through Islamic Political Epistemology. Sheikh Hasina’s new regime has achieved significant progress in implementing Islamic development in bureaucracy and regulations. Qawmi Madrasah has contributed significantly to Islamic Education in Bangladesh, and the current government recognizes their educational certificates. The salaries of teachers and Imams at Government Madrasah-e-Alia have been increased, which is a significant policy change. The study revealed that Khaleda Zia’s government could have succeeded despite its alliance with Islamic political parties. Having a coalition with Islamic political parties does not necessarily mean that the country’s political ideology is institutionalized in an Islamic way. Opposite, Bangladesh’s government, with partial financing from Saudi Arabia, is constructing 560 mosques that will also serve as artistic centres to promote Islamic epistemology and combat extremism. However, this government operates under a one-party system with the Awami League party, led by Sheikh Hasina, idolizing Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.

This study aims to explore the extent of Islamization in Bangladesh during the tenure of democratically elected leaders Sheikh Hasina and Khaleda Zia. The objective is to analyze the state of democratic governance in Bangladesh from a religious perspective, focusing specifically on Islamic political epistemology. It begins by defining Islamic Political Epistemology and its significance in acknowledging Islam’s role in democratic power. This qualitative descriptive analysis examines recent research papers from highly ranked resources such as Scopus. It is important to note that specific methods can strengthen strategies for enforcing electoral decrees, improve credentials for arbitration through sovereignty within the dominion branch, and increase national participation in political acts and society through Islamic Political Epistemology. Sheikh Hasina’s new regime has achieved significant progress in implementing Islamic development in bureaucracy and regulations. Qawmi Madrasah has contributed significantly to Islamic Education in Bangladesh, and the current government recognizes their educational certificates. The salaries of teachers and Imams at Government Madrasah-e-Alia have been increased, which is a significant policy change. The study revealed that Khaleda Zia’s government could have succeeded despite its alliance with Islamic political parties. Having a coalition with Islamic political parties does not necessarily mean that the country’s political ideology is institutionalized in an Islamic way. Opposite, Bangladesh’s government, with partial financing from Saudi Arabia, is constructing 560 mosques that will also serve as artistic centres to promote Islamic epistemology and combat extremism. However, this government operates under a one-party system with the Awami League party, led by Sheikh Hasina, idolizing Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.

This research aims to analyze the condition of ecofeminism in Indonesia in 2020–2022 using a content analysis approach and describe the causes that influenced it during the Covid-19 pandemic. With the rise of ecofeminism, women now actively participate in fighting for the environment by helping the environmental movement. The descriptive qualitative method analyzes news from four leading online news media in Indonesia, namely Kompas, Kumparan, Tempo, and Detik, by using NVivo's NCapture to record articles and NVivo 12 plus software for data analysis as well as other literature related to the research problem. This research found a need for ecofeminism research in Indonesia, as seen from literature mapping through Scopus database articles in 2020–2022. The content analysis results regarding the existence of ecofeminism differ among the four online news media. The results found that there are agents of change, climate change, development and sustainability, economics, environmental conservation, environmental crisis, women leaders, gender equality, environmental management, natural balance, the role of women in the environment, and women's empowerment. Another result is that the coverage of ecofeminism in 2020 and 2021 is still minimal. Meanwhile, in 2022, ecofeminism in the news with the scope of gender equality, agents of change, and women's empowerment was most widely reported. This research analysis found that two online news platforms, Tempo and Kompas in 2022, were most dominant in reporting on women and nature or ecofeminism.

This study aims to explore Islamic political parties in major Islamic countries. Previous studies have examined Islamic Political Parties with various topics accompanied by different focuses. However, no research has contributed to mapping the extent of the trend in the study of Islamic political parties. The breadth of space to examine the phenomenon of Islamic political parties offers an excellent opportunity for further researchers to re-examine this issue. To bridge this, trend studies and mapping of problems and themes were carried out. This study uses qualitative methods to analyze working texts on publications related to Islamic Political Parties. Research data is mined from the Scopus academic database using a search strategy to generate data relevant to the problem to be studied. In processing the mined data, we use Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) software, Nvivo12 Plus. The results of an in-depth analysis of a collection of academic manuscripts mined from the Scopus academy database for two decades (2001-2021) yielded 171 documents for further study. The data analysis findings show that the intensity of documents in each country is different, which can then be further classified based on the type of document, subject area, author with the highest number of records, and distribution of affiliations and publishers. The level of document intensity in each country has been shown, with Turkey being the country that contributed the most documents, followed by Indonesia, Malaysia, and India. The dominant issues and themes of each country have also been identified.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the economy experienced little due to the absence of economic activities. The economic slowdown will result in a financial crisis, so the Indonesian government must immediately address the problem. This study will carry out the economic process in Indonesia after the outbreak to achieve financial balance. This study uses a qualitative approach. Data is obtained through secondary data such as social media, mass media, and data issued by the government for analysis using variables and indicators from previous theories. The study was carried out using the triangulation technique and data analysis software, namely, Nvivo 12 Plus data analysis. The data collection will then be reviewed based on the data analysis program and display the results in visible effects of the software. This study uses various variables in economic development, such as infrastructure, natural resources, human resources, micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), and digitalization. The most essential, significant efforts to increase economic development are held by infrastructure, which accounts for 86% of the total. Efforts to reduce the unemployment rate until 2022 have not been too significant.

The researcher aimed to study the democratic process of the practices of the political parties of Bangladesh on Power Transmission since 2006. The study applied the qualitative descriptive method. This article aimed to measure the democratic process, power transmission, and the systematic crisis of the political parties with their wings. The investigation found that the practices of the parties are not purely democratic since the independence of the country. The government is mostly entitled by the two significant parties though there is a showcase of democratic elections. The election commission is responsible for the fair election, but unfortunately, that is not independent at all. Moreover, the most significant issue is the distrust amongst authorities. That is why there are constitutional changes usually happen due to dishonesty under the dominant party. The Study refers to the amendment of the 15th constitutional practice, making the election system unfair because the election was happening while the current government still controls the systems. It makes the opposition not to trust in the election commission. Thus, the country needs to have a non-dominant electoral mechanism and back to the amendment of the 13th old practices to make sure the democracy and transparency of the leadership in the country by the fair election. Furthermore, it will ensure the stability and the commitment of all bureaucrats to fulfill their services properly without any kind of influence.

Establishing a healthy and competitive democratic method remained a distant dream for a lengthy time to get to Bangladesh. The attain sociopolitical integration and sustainable development which is essential for establishing a peaceful democratic society in Bangladesh. This research to examine the leadership of H. E. Shaikh Hasina and Begum Khaleda Zia with Bangladesh Awami League and Bangladesh National Party. By using a qualitative approach this research aims The study to measure the implication of democracy via both leaders during their regimes. It must find out the solution of the current problems of the political transformation and accountability among the political parties (administrations). The writing obtains to a final decision on the leading method of both ladies in Bangladesh was lacking sustainable development in politics and lacking mutual trust plus understanding among them. Moreover, this study explores that the real challenge to a free and fair national election in Bangladesh is not constitutional or administrative but political. Political parties themselves create electoral problems in Bangladesh. Thus, to defeat the political crisis by political institutionalization among responsibility and tolerance is vital for the country to exercise democracy. In short, the future researchers might straighten in their further study on the governmental investigation in Bangladesh

Indonesia is one of the first nations to formally acknowledging Bangladesh's independence that is in February 1972. However, there is lacking scientific study on both government relations. To solve the Rohingya crisis in Bangladesh from Myanmar. This study analyzes the roles of alliances in government relationships between Bangladesh and Indonesia in the epoch of prime minister Shaikh Hasina and President Joko Widodo, the Rohingya refugee (2017-2020). This qualitative research operates secondary data; Qualitative Descriptive (QD) is a form used in the qualitative study for comprehensive thoughts, expressly regulating the relevant phenomena. The research questions, what kind of challenges Indonesia and Bangladesh friendship faced on the Rohingya issue? How did both nations overcome, and what are the roles in their governmental alliances played? The study found that both countries have effective diplomatic administrative regulations. Indonesian government's efforts in the case of Rohingya are very active compared to other Asian countries. In reply to the Rohingya emigrant crisis and the maintaining of reciprocal settlement with the Bangladesh government in focusing of Indonesia diplomacy, is to find the arrangement of the refugee dilemma by approaching the root elements of the puzzle and intensifying the collaboration in determining the crisis. In short, the Bangladesh government appreciated the efforts of the Indonesian authority by mutual relationships even the friendship is upon the reciprocal agreement. It suggests that both governments should maintain an equal or more friendly bilateral settlement to keep these diplomatic relations effective and fruitful for both nations.

Climate change makes the world thoughtful to take care of nature to keep safe the earth. Bangladesh is one of the most popular countries that experienced many natural disasters almost every year. The aim of this research to make a measure of the factors that affected sustainable development in the country. By natural disasters cyclones such as Sidr 2007, Aila 2009, and Roanu 2016, which will help the responsible division of the natural disaster and sustainable development sectors to figure out the knowledge about natural disasters that effecting the SDG in the country. The research shows the result that cyclone (Sidr 2007, Aila 2009, and Roanu 2016), flood, earthquake, and land-sliders are the most dangerous and frequent natural disasters that were affecting sustainable development. By the damages of the info structure in the country such as roads, houses, bridges, agriculture, cyclone centers, and social economy. Those problems can solve with the advancement of education plus providing the physical resources in advance to face the incident. Furthermore, natural disaster management works together with the United Nations Development Programs by implicating the Climate Change Assessment Projects in Bangladesh.

The principal motive of this research is to analyze the status of ethical, democratic government and Public Services in Bangladesh. This paper examines the state of democratic governance in various rulers of Bangladesh, especially during Sheikh Hasina and Khaleda Zia’s governmental from 2009 to present. With qualitavie method This paper begins with a conceptual analysis of democratic governance and then identifies several vital problems. This article explains the status of ethical, democratic public services in Bangladesh in terms of some critical elements/elements of democratic governance, including the development of democratic institutions. Furthermore, processes, strengthening electoral and law enforcement systems, improving access to justice through freedom to the division of power, and encouraging citizen participation. Answer promoting tolerance, transparency, promoting democratic values and respect of liberty in public services with good governance and ethics, which are very infrequent in current Bangladesh politics.