Background: Indonesia had 842,000 new TB cases and 116,400 TB deaths in 2018, including TB-HIV cases. TB-HIV co-infection remains a major health concern. Objective: To compare the duration of treatment of drug-sensitive tuberculosis in patients with and without HIV at Jakarta Cempaka Putih Islamic Hospital, Jakarta Sukapura Islamic Hospital, and Jakarta Pondok Kopi Islamic Hospital for the period September 2022 to September 2024. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a total sampling technique was conducted on 82 patients. The analysis used an independent T-test to compare treatment duration. Results: Of the 105 patients, 15 had drug-sensitive tuberculosis with HIV and 90 without HIV. The majority of patients were men (66 samples), with the largest age group being 35-44 years old. No significant difference in treatment duration was found between drug-sensitive tuberculosis patients with and without HIV (p= 0.569). Conclusions: Comparison of the duration of treatment for drug-sensitive TB patients with and without HIV was the same, and there was no significant difference.

Background: Timely tuberculosis diagnosis is essential for reducing transmission, preventable morbidity, and inequitable losses across the care cascade. In Indonesia, primary health centres are central to screening and diagnostic coordination, but delays may still occur after individuals with presumptive tuberculosis enter formal care. Objective: To quantify post-registration diagnostic delay among people with presumptive tuberculosis in Indonesian primary care and identify demographic, clinical, and referral-pathway factors associated with delayed results, tuberculosis diagnosis, and treatment initiation. Methods: We conducted a facility-based, register-based observational study using national presumptive tuberculosis register data from a primary health centre in Tasikmalaya City, West Java, Indonesia, covering 1 January to 31 December 2025. Diagnostic delay was defined as the interval from presumptive tuberculosis registration to the first recorded diagnostic result. Negative binomial regression estimated adjusted incidence rate ratios for delay, and logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios for prolonged delay, final diagnosis, and treatment initiation. Findings: Among 503 presumptive tuberculosis episodes, 486 had complete delay data. Median diagnostic delay was 4 days (interquartile range, 1-11 days). Delays longer than 14 and 30 days occurred in 94 episodes (19.3%) and 37 episodes (7.6%), respectively. Longer delay was associated with age 65 years or older (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.12-1.90), extrapulmonary disease (1.58; 95% CI, 1.21-2.07), and referral from another health facility (1.35; 95% CI, 1.01-1.82). Overall, 176 presumptive episodes (35.0%) resulted in a tuberculosis diagnosis; 158 diagnosed patients (89.8%) had documented treatment initiation. Conclusions: Although most diagnostic results were recorded rapidly after registration, delays were concentrated among older adults, people with extrapulmonary disease, and referred patients. Strengthening register-based tracking, referral feedback, and escalation pathways for extrapulmonary tuberculosis may improve equitable continuity across primary care tuberculosis services.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health issue, with over 10 million cases worldwide, and Indonesia ranks as the second-highest country with TB cases. The comorbidity of diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of TB, especially in elderly patients. TB patients with DM are challenging to treat, have low cure rates, and increase the risk of multi-drug resistance TB. Purpose: To understand the characteristic overview of elderly patients with drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis along with type 2 diabetes. Method: This descriptive research utilized surveys with primary data from interviews with elderly patients at RSUD R Syamsudin SH and secondary data from the hospital, covering January 2022 to October 2023. Results: Out of 33 respondents, 20 were male and 13 female. Most (81.8%) had education up to high school, and 72.7% were unemployed. According to BMI, 36.4% had normal weight. Regarding drug adherence, 75.8% supervised it. All respondents had positive chest X-rays for TB, and 87.9% tested positive in molecular rapid tests. Random blood sugar levels showed 12 patients below 200 mg/dl. Among those tested for HbA1c, 78.8% did not undergo the exam, and 6.1% had levels <8%. Conclusion: TB DM predominantly affects elderly males. Most respondents were high school graduates, unemployed, and had normal BMI. They often took on the role of supervising drug adherence. In the Glucose Ad Random, more individuals had levels above 200, and among those tested for HbA1c, many exceeded 7%. All patients showed TB-consistent chest X-rays, with most testing positive in rapid molecular tests.

Introduction: The project aims to investigate how the Covid-19 epidemic influenced nurses’ stress levels, shift work, and BDNF mRNA expression. Hospitalized patient numbers in Indonesia were rising sharply during the outbreak. This illness has a major impact on nurses’ levels of weariness and stress, which follow each other. High-stress workers have lower serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Workload, job conflicts, and sleep difficulties are some of the causes that lead to this stress.Methods: The study was conducted at the Cempaka Putih Islamic Hospital in Central Jakarta, Indonesia, from July to September 2020. The study used an analytical observational approach and a cross-sectional design. The number of nurses who participated in this study was 89 people who were selected using This study included 89 nurses who were recruited using a purposive selection technique based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Anthropometric measures and intravenous blood collection were used to gather data for real-time PCR analysis of the BDNF gene mRNA expression.Result: The mean BDNF mRNA expression level was 8.93 ng/mL. Nurses reported work-related stress, with a significant correlation (p less than 0.05) between BDNF mRNA expression, work shift, and stress levels. According to the findings, those with low, moderate, and high stress levels had mean BDNF levels of 11.69, 8.65, and 7.36, respectively. Statistical testing revealed a significant difference (p less than 0.001) in the mean mRNA expression of the BDNF gene across subjects with low, moderate, and high stress levels.Conclusion: During the Covid-19 pandemic, a statistical correlation was found between nurse stress levels, work shifts and low BDNF levels.

Background: Among the 1 017 290 people surveyed, the prevalence of pneumonia was 2.5% in the 55-64 age group, 3.0% in the 65-74 age group, and 2.9% in those aged 75 years and older. This indicates an increase in pneumonia prevalence from 1.8% to 2% in Indonesia. This study aimed to compare the length of treatment and comorbidities in older and adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia at Jakarta Sukapura Islamic Hospital and Jakarta Pondok Kopi Islamic Hospital between September 2022 and September 2024. Methods: This was a comparative study with a cross-sectional design, and secondary data from 244 patient samples were used. Results: Among adult patients, 101 had a length of treatment of ≤5 days, whereas 17 had a length of treatment of >5 days. Among older patients, 67 had a length of treatment of ≤5 days, whereas 59 had a length of treatment of >5 days. Comorbidities were absent in 69 adult and 45 older patients. A total of 49 adult patients and 81 older patients had comorbidities. Conclusion: Older patients with community-acquired pneumonia had a longer treatment duration and more comorbidities than adult patients with bacterial community-acquired pneumonia. Cite this article as: Fachri M, Hatta M, Zakia D, et al. Comparison of length of treatment and comorbidities in older and adult hospitalized patients with bacterial community-acquired pneumonia. Eurasian J Med. 2025; 57(3), 0910, doi: 10.5152/ eurasianjmed.2025.25910.

Abstract. Savitri AP, Massi MN, Hatta M, Santoso A, Fachri M, Djaharuddin I, Wahyuni S, Ilyas M, Iskandar H, Pattelongi I, Handayani I, Iskandar IW, Hidayah N, Angria N, Halik H. 2025. Analysis of miR-21-5p and miR-144-5p expression as biomarkers in active lung tuberculosis and home contacts. Biodiversitas 26: 831-836. Considering the central role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in development and disease, researchers have proposed that specific circulating miRNAs affect the outcome of tuberculosis (TB) infection and that blood miRNA levels might reflect the course of the disease. This study analyzed the expression of miR-21-5p and miR-144-5p as potential biomarkers in patients with active TB and their household contacts (individuals with latent TB and healthy contacts). This study used a cross-sectional design and enrolled 20 people with active TB, 22 household contacts with positive interferon-gamma release assay results, and 22 healthy controls. miR-21-5p and miR-144-5p expression was examined using quantitative real-time PCR. miR-21-5p expression was more than 37-fold higher in patients with active TB than in healthy contacts. Meanwhile, miR-21-5p expression was approximately 15-fold higher in patients with active TB than in those with latent TB. miR-21-5p expression was 2.5-fold higher in patients with latent TB than in healthy contacts, whereas miR-144-5p expression was 35-fold higher in patients with active TB than in healthy contacts, and approximately 52-fold higher in patients with active TB than in contacts with latent TB. miR-144-5p expression in latent TB was approximately 1.5-fold higher in healthy contacts than in contacts with latent TB. Receiver operating characteristic analysis illustrated that miR-21-5p and miR-144-5p could distinguish latent TB from active TB with areas under the curve of 0.811 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.67-0.953) and 0.818 (95% CI = 0.689-0.947), respectively. miR-21-5p and miR-144-5p expression was elevated in active TB, highlighting their potential as diagnostic biomarkers.

Introduction: Post-pandemic conditions demand new adaptations to medical students'learning methods for both pre-clinic and clerkship. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted educational institutions across the country, leading medical schools to implement online learning systems. We aim to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical education, as well as on the attitudes, practices, and mental health of medical students in Indonesia, three years after the pandemic. Methods: We applied a cross-sectional study to fifty-one private medical schools of the Association of Indonesian Private Medical Faculty from January to March 2023. A total of 11.603 medical students participated in this study purposively. We identified the impact on educational programs, well-being, interest, career plans, attitudes, and practice towards e-learning in medical education, and mental health, three years after the COVID-19 pandemic. Result: After three years of the COVID-19 pandemic, 16.9% of medical students reported experiencing financial problems, and 2% had to suspend their studies. Some students indicated that the pandemic had impacted their interests and future career plans. There was an increase in interest in the field of public health, while interest in infectious diseases tended to decline across all education levels. Most respondents (78.2%) reported using the internet regularly for their learning, with 80.7% using it to download materials related to their medical studies. Regarding mental health, nearly 50% of respondents exhibited symptoms of anxiety about various issues over several days, according to our research. Conclusion: After three years of the COVID-19 pandemic, most medical students have begun adapting to pre-pandemic learning methods. E-learning is still the main activity students use to support learning activities. Student mental health problems need to be the concern of all parties.

Background: Pulmonary TB and type 2 DM are interdependent medical-epidemiological challenges with high global impact. Pulmonary TB cannot improve in patients with uncontrolled diabetes. Pulmonary TB in patients with type 2 DM presents distinct characteristics, making it crucial to diagnose and treat to understand the effects ofTB and oral antidiabetic drugs. The purpose of this study was to compare the duration of treatment for drug-resistant pulmonary TB in the presence and absence of type 2 DM. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design and single-population proportion method. The participants were enrolled using a consecutive sampling technique. The comparison focused on patients with drug-resistant TB with and without type 2 DM. Initially, 80 patients were recruited; however, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 patients remained. Results: Among the 80 patients, 44 had drug-resistant pulmonary TB with type 2 DM, and 36 patients did not have type 2 DM. The male-to-female ratios ranged from 53 (66.3%) to 27 (33.8%). GeneXpert results in both groups indicated rifampicin resistance. Regarding treatment duration, 13 patients with drug-resistant pulmonary TB and type 2 DM who completed treatment mostly recovered between the 18th and 24th months, whereas nine patients with drug-resistant pulmonary TB without type 2 DM who completed treatment recovered between the 6th to 24th month (Mann-Whitney test, P = 0.000). Conclusion: The treatment period for patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis with type 2 DM was much longer than that for patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis without type 2 DM.

Background: Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Parameters that support the diagnosis and assess the immune status and inflammation process crucial for the prognosis of COVID-19 patients include Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Platelet to White Blood Cell Ratio (PWR), and Lymphocyte Monocyte Ratio (LMR). Age and comorbidities can also influence these values. This study assesses factors associated with NLR, PWR, PLR, and LMR values. Methods: A cross-sectional study using the medical records of confirmed COVID-19 patients in Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta Cempaka Putih and Sukapura from July to December 2020, with a total sample of 229 taken through a total sampling technique. For each patient, patient characteristics, including age, gender, comorbidity history, hospitalization, in-hospital death, NLR, PWR, PLR, and LMR values, were collected. Then, the relationship between these patient characteristics and NLR, PWR, PLR, and LMR values was analyzed using the chi-square test with SPSS version 22.0 for Windows. Results: Patients aged 60 and above (84.7%) with a median age of 48 years, comorbidities (54.7%), in hospitalized non-ICU (92.3%), and mostly survivors (94.9%). Age is associated with NLR, PWR, PLR, and LMR values; gender is associated with LMR values, and comorbidity and hospitalization are associated with NLR, PLR, and LMR values. In-hospital death is not associated with these four values. Conclusion: Age is associated with NLR, PWR, PLR, and LMR values, underscoring the importance of considering age as a critical factor in patient risk assessment and care. Medical teams should consider age-related differences in patient management and monitoring, especially for older patients.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by persistent and progressive airflow limitations. The study aimed to determine the relationship between eosinophil values in patients with stable and exacerbated COPD, and the relationship of eosinophil values with two drug regimens used as maintenance therapy in stable COPD. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study and the variables used in this study were eosinophil counts in stable and exacerbated COPD patients. Results: Eighty-three patients with stable and exacerbated COPD were included. Stable COPD (63.9%) was predominant, with the highest degree of symptoms in group A 18 patients (34%) and Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2; 35 patients (66%). The degree of COPD exacerbation was dominated by Type II COPD 15 patients (50%). Eosinophil counts in patients with stable COPD were less than 100 cells/mm3 37 patients (44.6%), while in patients with COPD exacerbation, it was greater than 100 cells/mm3 with a total of 30 patients (36.1%). Long acting muscarinic antagonist class of drugs was the most used treatment as maintenance therapy in stable COPD 34 patients (64.2%). Conclusion: The eosinophil counts in patients with COPD exacerbation were significantly higher than those in patients with stable COPD. The provision of maintenance therapy in the long acting β-2 agonist + inhaled glucocorticosteroid group of stable COPD patients was generally provided to COPD patients with eosinophil values greater than 100 cells/mm3, and the provision of long-term maintenance therapy in stable COPD patients was generally given to COPD patients with eosinophil values less than 100 cells/mm3.

This study determines the cause and solutions of the patient identification achievement that is not yet 100%, as the base to improve the patient identification system in the HD unit of GPI Hospital. Qualitative research using the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) approach involving triangulation of data collection, namely observation, documentation, and interviews with the PDSA NHS Improvement instrument. Informants were selected by snowball sampling. The PDSA results indicated that the problem cause was the HD team's lack of understanding of patient identification. This problem can be overcome by socialization and simulation of patient identification: a standard operating procedure for patient identification, implementation of patient identification, patient identification incident reporting flow, and money for patient identification. The problem of identifying patients in the HD unit can be resolved using the PDSA cycle that has been performed. Modifications are required for the next PDSA cycle, consisting of 1) regular socialization and simulation of patient identification; 2) SOP of patient identification in HD unit; 3) implementation of the identification process by involving the patient; 4) reporting and building awareness of realizing a patient safety culture if an incident occurs, and 5) reporting on the achievement of monev data and recommendations for improvement efforts.

Abstract Background The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on tuberculosis (TB) was great enough for COVID-19 to replace TB as the leading cause of death worldwide. The WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2020 stated that the number of TB cases reported was 845,000. The pandemic caused a decline in the detection of tuberculosis cases, and the attention of the Indonesian government became more focused on making COVID-19 a top priority in prevention and control measures so that tuberculosis cases were neglected. Methods This study used a cross-sectional. The research subjects were recruited using the consecutive sampling technique. The variable of this study was a comparison between pulmonary TB with confirmed COVID-19 and pulmonary TB without COVID-19 using the research subjects for total sampling. Bivariate analysis was used, which was carried out on two compared variables. Results Based on the results of this study, of the 127 samples studied, 101 pulmonary TB patients without COVID-19 and 26 pulmonary TB patients with confirmed COVID-19 were declared cured. This was observed more often among male patients than among female patients. Among TB patients with confirmed COVID-19, two age groups dominated, namely, the 17–25 (23.1%) and > 64 (23.1%) age groups. Moreover, most TB patients without COVID-19 were in the 26–35 age group (23.8%). The results of the length of treatment analysis among pulmonary TB patients without COVID-19 showed ≥ 6 months (82.2%) until these patients were cured. Moreover, the length of treatment for pulmonary TB patients with confirmed COVID-19 until they were declared cured was 7–9 months (61.5%). In this study, the number of pulmonary tuberculosis patients without COVID-19 who had type 2 DM (Diabetes Mellitus) was 77.1%. Conclusions The treatment period for pulmonary tuberculosis patients with confirmed COVID-19 was significantly longer than that for pulmonary tuberculosis patients without COVID-19.

Background: Pulmonary TB and DM are a combination of high medical-epidemiological conflict and high global impact because they are interdependent. Pulmonary TB cannot improve in the presence of unmanaged diabetes. Pulmonary TB in people with DM has particular characteristics, so if it is not diagnosed and treated, it is difficult to understand the effects of TB drugs and oral antidiabetic drugs. The purpose of this study was to compare the length of treatment for drug-resistant pulmonary TB in the presence vs. the absence of type 2 DM Methods: This study used a cross-sectional with a single population proportion method. The research subjects were enrolled using the consecutive sampling technique. The comparison was between drug-resistant TB patients with and without type 2 DM. The total sample was initially recruited was 80 patients, and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 22 study subjects remained. Results: The 80 samples studied were 44 drug-resistant pulmonary TB patients with type 2 DM and 36 patients without type 2 DM. The male:female ratio was 53 (66.3%) to 27 (33.8%). GeneXpert results in both groups indicated rifampicin resistance. In the comparison of length of treatment, drug-resistant pulmonary TB patients with type 2 DM who stayed on their treatment until recovery most often recovered in the 18th to 24th months, totalling 13 people, whereas the drug-resistant pulmonary TB patients without type 2 DM who stayed on their treatment until recovery recovered in the 6th to 24th months, totalling 9 people (Mann‒Whitney test P = 0.000). Conclusions: The treatment period for drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients with type 2 DM is much longer than that for drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients without type 2 DM.

Pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer are public health problems, causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The coexistence of the two diseases has rarely been reported while their causative association has been noticed leading to diagnosis delayed and prognosis worsening. In this case report, we present the case of a patient with coexistence of pulmonary tuberculosis and small cell lung carcinoma. A 54-year-old male was presented with the complained of lower left chest pain for six months, which was getting worse four days before admission to the hospital. The patient also complained of cough and decreased appetite and weight loss. Initial chest X-ray revealed an infiltrate and cavity in the upper right lung and inhomogeneous consolidation in the left paracardial. After the patient was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and was given anti-tuberculosis drugs for two months, the cavity and consolidation decreased with no clinically significant improvement. We performed a bronchoscopy with suspicion of lung cancer and a forceps biopsy in which small cell carcinoma was confirmed. The patient received two cycles of chemotherapy and anti-tuberculosis was continued for four months. During the observation in the fourth month, there was a reduction in the tumor size. This case highlights that similarity of clinical symptoms between pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer often lead to misdiagnosis of both. Therefore, in the absence of complete clinical and radiological improvement in pulmonary tuberculosis patients, the coexistence of lung cancer should be considered. This also highlights that early diagnosis is critical for the favorable outcome.

Background: An accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 is essential for pandemic control and for establishing adequate therapeutic strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 infection replicates in macrophage cells and affects the immune system. Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein-1 (NRAMP-1) carries cation ions, such as Fe2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+, and plays an essential role in the immune system to infection with micro-organisms. In addition, the function of NRAMP-1 is to limit the replication of pathogens by changing the phagosomal environment. Levels of NRAMP-1 protein are based on death, comorbidities and clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients and it is possible for the soluble protein NRAMP-1 level to be used as an additional biomarker for forensic and medicolegal related COVID-19 cases and prosecutions from patients and families. Methods: Determination of NRAMP-1 protein levels using the enzyme link-immunosorbent assay technique in death, had comorbidities and severity of clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients. Results: Of the 62 patients who received treatment, 10 patients died with an average NRAMP-1 level of 650 ng/ml and 52 patients who survive with an average NRAMP-1 level of 1065.26 ng/ml. The results of the study also found that 34 patients had comorbidities with an average NRAMP-1 level of 838.82 ng/ml and 28 patients without comorbidities with an average NRAMP-1 level of 1191.92 ng/ml. Based on the severity of clinical symptoms in survive patients, 10 patients with mild were found with an average NRAMP-1 level of 984.31 ng/ml, with moderate in 31 patients with an average NRAMP-1 level of 1104.71 ng/ml and severe in 11 patients with an average NRAMP-1 level of 1027.71 ng/ml. Conclusions: NRAMP-1 protein levels were significantly lower in COVID-19 patients who died and had comorbidities.

Background:Pneumonia is one of the most common infections caused by the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae. During the initiation of an infection, the immune system recognizes the pathogen through the release of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), thereby triggering the inflammation process. Miana has demonstrated potent inhibitory effects on the inflammatory process during infection in animal models. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Miana leaf extract on mRNA HMGB1 expression in Balb/c mice infected with K. pneumoniae. Methods:This study comprised a cohort experiment using 20 Balb/c mice divided into four groups. Balb/c mice in each group were intraperitoneally injected with K. pneumoniae. Group 1 was given a placebo; Group 2 was given Miana; Group 3 was given levofloxacin; and Group 4 was given both levofloxacin and Miana. The levels of mRNA HMGB1 expression were measured using real-time PCR before, during, and after the infection as well as after the treatments. Results:The initial examination results showed that the average level of mRNA HMGB1 expression was 5.51 fc. The mRNA HMGB1 expression in mice after being challenged with K. pneumoniae was 9.64 fc. Group 1 that was given a placebo had a mean mRNA HMGB1 expression level of 14.99 fc. Group 2 that was given Miana had a mean mRNA HMGB1 expression level of 13.95 fc. Group 3 that was given levofloxacin had an average mRNA HMGB1 expression level of 6.45 fc, and Group 4 that was given levofloxacin and Miana together had an average mRNA HMGB1 expression level of 5.59 fc. Conclusion:Miana (Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth) increased mRNA HMGB1 expression at the initial administration via regulation of the immune system. Administration of Miana following K. pneumoniae infection inhibited the increase in mRNA HMGB1 expression. Treatment with levofloxacin reduced the level of mRNA HMGB1 expression, and the effect was optimized by the administration of Miana leaf extract as a supplement.

Abstract Background: Thrombotic complications of COVID-19 are a worrisome aspect of the disease due to its high incidence in critically ill patients and poor clinical manifestations. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the effectiveness of heparin administration and complications of hypercoagulation in hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19.Method: This research was analytically observational. The study design used was a retrospective cohort approach of pre- and post-tests. This study used secondary data taken from medical records of inpatients with confirmed COVID-19 at Islamic Hospital Jakarta Sukapura. The total sampling technique was used. Result: There were 98 study subjects, with 35 patients receiving UFH and 63 patients receiving LMWH (fondaparinux). Most of the subjects were women (52%), with the most common age group being >60 years (30.6%). In the UFH group, the greatest decrease (0.01±0.5 g FEU/mL) was observed in 12 patients (34.3%). In the LMWH group (fondaparinux), the greatest decrease (0.01±0.5 g FEU/mL) was observed in 15 patients (23.8%). Additionally, there was no significant difference between UFH and fondaparinux (p 0.193) in hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 for the period of August 2020 – August 2021. Most inpatients with confirmed COVID-19 at RSIJ Sukapura were aged 50-59 years and were women. Conclusion: There was a tendency toward increased D-dimer values, normal PT values, normal APTT values, and increased fibrinogen values in each COVID-19 patient, but there was no statistically significant relationship. There was also no significant relationship between the D-dimer and APTT parameters, whereas the PT parameter showed a significant relationship in confirmed COVID-19 inpatients.

Pendahuluan: Manifestasi klinis COVID-19 bervariasi mulai dari asimtomatik hingga simtomatik. Pasien COVID-19 dengan gejala berat sering mengalami gangguan koagulasi yang serupa dengan koagulopati sistemik. Hal ini berhubungan dengan peningkatan mortalitas yang signifikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan hiperkoagulasi dengan kematian pada pasien rawat inap yang terkonfirmasi COVID-19. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat observasional analitik, pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Cara pengambilan data sekunder berasal dari data rekam medis pada pasien rawat inap yang terkonfirmasi COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta (RSIJ) Sukapura, secara total sampling. Hasil: Terdapat 625 subjek penelitian. Subjek paling banyak adalah perempuan sebesar (52,3 %) pada usia 50-59 tahun sebanyak (26,6 %). Status pasien yang hidup sebanyak (98,9%). Nilai D-dimer cenderung meningkat, nilai prothrombin time (PT) normal, dan nilai activated partial thromboplastin clotting time (APTT) normal. Case Fatality Rate (CFR) didapatkan rendah pada subjek sebesar 0.0112 % (CFR < 4,35% = CFR rendah). Kesimpulan: Terdapat CFR yang rendah pada pasien rawat inap yang terkonfirmasi COVID-19 di RSIJ Sukapura. Hasil pemeriksaan pada parameter agen koagulan berdasarkan status pasien pada pasien rawat inap yang terkonfirmasi COVID-19 di RSIJ Sukapura, pada parameter D-dimer dan APTT tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan, sedangkan pada parameter PT terdapat hubungan yang signifikan

Background: Patients with comorbidities have an increased risk for severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) symptoms, including abnormal inflammation. Chest X-rays and C-reactive protein (CRP) level are frequently used to evaluate the severity of inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between comorbidities, chest X-ray findings, and CRP level in patients with COVID-19. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional, analytic, observational study performed using a quantitative approach. The study population included in patients with confirmed COVID-19. Secondary data from the medical records of the patients were analysed to determine the correlations between comorbidities, chest X-rays, and CRP level. Results: The data of 167 patients (87 [52.1%] females and 80 [47.9%] males) were evaluated. Regarding comorbidities, 86 (51.5%) patients had hypertension, 66 (39.5%) had diabetes mellitus, and 17 (10.2%) had dyspepsia. Chest X-rays showed that 144 (86.2%) patients had pneumonia, whereas 23 (13.8%) did not. A total of 143 (85.6%) patients showed increased CRP levels, whereas 24 (14.4%) did not show any increase. Patients who showed pneumonia on chest X-rays tended to have increased CRP levels. The results also showed that chest X-ray findings were correlated with CRP level. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were significantly correlated with CRP level (p = 0.05), whereas dyspepsia did not show a significant relationship with CRP level (p > 0.05). Patients with hypertension had a 2.709-fold risk of having increased CRP level compared with patients without hypertension. Patients with pneumonia had a 2.953-fold increased risk for increased CRP level compared to those without pneumonia. Conclusion: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are significantly correlated with CRP level. Chest X-ray finding is also significantly correlated with CRP level.

Background: Thrombotic complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are a worrisome aspect of the disease due to their high incidence in critically ill patients and their poor clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) (fondaparinux) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with hypercoagulable complications. Material and methods: The study design used a retrospective cohort approach incorporating pre- and post-tests via secondary data extracted from the medical records of inpatients with confirmed COVID-19. Results: Among the 98 individuals studied (52% women; 30.6% at >60 years of age), 35 patients received UFH, while the remaining 63 patients received LMWH (fondaparinux). The greatest decrease in the D-dimer value (0.01 +/- 0.5 g fibrinogen equivalent units/mL) was observed in 12 (34.3%) and 15 (23.8%) patients in the UFH and LMWH (fondaparinux) groups, respectively. Most inpatients with confirmed COVID-19 were aged 50-59 years and were women. Conclusion: There was a tendency toward increased D-dimer, normal prothrombin time, normal activated partial thromboplastin clotting time, and increased fibrinogen values in each COVID-19 patient. The results demonstrated a significant relationship between the D-dimer and prothrombin time parameter in confirmed COVID-19 inpatients.