The global integration of renewable energy sources like photovoltaics requires efficient high-step-up DC-DC converters. Conventional boost converters exhibit inherent limitations in achieving high voltage gain efficiently, particularly under high duty cycle operation, where switching losses, device stress, and output voltage ripple become significant. This paper proposes a novel hybrid DC-DC converter that integrates a four-phase interleaved input stage with a five-level switched-capacitor (SC) multiplier network. The proposed topology introduces a modular and structurally decoupled architecture, in which current conditioning and voltage boosting functions are independently realized. This enables scalable voltage gain through modular expansion without requiring extreme duty cycles or additional magnetic components. The interleaved stage reduces input current ripple and improves current sharing, while the multilevel SC network provides a high voltage conversion ratio and balanced voltage stress across components. Comprehensive simulations using PSIM software validate the converter's performance. With a 25 V input, the proposed converter achieves an output voltage of approximately 250 V (gain of 10), a high efficiency of 95.2%, output voltage ripple below 2%, and balanced capacitor voltages. The results confirm that the proposed converter offers an efficient, scalable, and high-performance solution for high step-up applications.

Fast charging technology for electric vehicles (EVs) is one of the key components in supporting the transition to a sustainable transportation system. This article discusses advanced multi-pulse rectifier technology, such as 12-pulse, 24-pulse, and 48-pulse configurations, which are used to improve power efficiency and reduce harmonic distortion. The analysis includes the working principles, benefits compared to conventional rectifier technology, and the challenges of its implementation. The review results show that multi-pulse rectifiers significantly reduce Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), improve power quality, and facilitate integration with renewable energy sources. This article also suggests future research directions to address the limitations of current technology and to encourage further innovations in efficient and environmentally friendly EV charging.

Transformers are essential components in electric vehicle (EV) fast charging systems, particularly in ensuring high efficiency and maintaining power quality. This study introduces a new design and implementation of a 12-phase toroidal transformer integrated into a 50 kW fast charging system. The main contribution of this research lies in improving energy efficiency, thermal stability, and harmonic suppression, which are critical challenges in conventional transformer configurations. The proposed transformer was modeled and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink, followed by prototype fabrication and experimental validation. Simulation and test results demonstrated that the 12-phase toroidal transformer achieved an efficiency of 98.3%, representing a 2.2% improvement over a conventional 6-phase configuration. Furthermore, steady-state coil temperature decreased by 10°C, while DC voltage ripple was reduced from 6.7% to 3.2%. Harmonic performance also improved significantly, with Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) dropping from 7.8% to 4.5% at the AC side and from 4.2% to 2.1% after rectification. In terms of charging performance, the system successfully shortened the charging time for an 80% state of charge (SoC) battery from 32 minutes to 27 minutes, a reduction of 15.6%. These findings confirm that the 12-phase toroidal transformer provides a technically reliable and novel solution for next-generation EV fast charging infrastructure, delivering both high efficiency and improved power quality.

This study presents a detailed simulation of lithium-ion battery charging using the Constant Current/Constant Voltage (CC/CV) method. MATLAB is used in conjunction with certain mathematical algorithms, such as numerical integration and curve fitting, to simulate the charging process, utilizing parameters including a constant current of 1C and a voltage threshold of 4.2V. The simulation analyzes the charging efficiency, usable capacity, and internal impedance variation under various current levels and voltage thresholds. The CC/CV method is compared with findings from other studies that also used the CC/CV charging technique, highlighting similarities and differences in the results. This analysis reveals that while CC/CV is effective in balancing charging speed and safety, minimizing the risk of overcharging, some studies note challenges related to temperature variations and their impact on battery performance. While CC/CV offers optimal management for lithium-ion battery charging, future research can focus on investigating the long-term effects of CC/CV on battery life under various environmental conditions, considering the findings and methodologies of similar studies.

The need for electrical energy is changing and increasing, requiring system flexibility always to be changed and developed. On the other hand, changes in the configuration of the electric power system due to the addition of components or sub-systems also change system parameters such as impedance or level of fault current (short circuit current). This paper presents a study of changes in the fault current caused by adding a new generating bus to an electric power system. This paper aims to determine the change in short-circuit current due to the addition of generators on new buses connected to existing buses to identify the most suitable location for adding these generators based on short-circuit current levels. Three-phase short circuit faults are simulated and analyzed on the IEEE 14 bus standard system using ETAP software with a base MVA 615 MVA. The addition of generators was carried out at five locations with varying generating capacities. The research results show that the short circuit current will change significantly when adding a generator bus to bus 13, with an average percentage change of 5,656%. The smallest change occurs when adding a generator to bus 2, with an average percentage change of 2,417%. The research results conclude that connecting a generator to a new bus linked to an existing generator bus (PV bus) is more effective than connecting it to a new bus associated with a load bus (PQ bus).

Utilizing IoT technology in home security monitoring systems offers an effective solution to improve energy efficiency and security by allowing users to monitor and control electronic devices remotely via the Internet. The basic principles of a smart home include reliable connectivity, device interoperability, stringent security and privacy, and energy efficiency. IoT communications are supported by technologies such as RFID and Wi-Fi to ensure effective wireless data transmission. IoT facilitates connecting new devices without additional installation, using technologies such as Wi-Fi, Barcodes (QR codes), and Bluetooth for various applications. The application of IoT in home security monitoring involves platforms such as Blynk and web servers for remote control, with a focus on data protection and system security. This paper compiles various research and conference-related aspects of IoT, including privacy, educational guidelines, system characterization, innovative grid communications, bridge monitoring, RFID authentication, Wi-Fi technology, Bluetooth communications, smart home applications, and security systems. Topics covered include energy monitoring systems, smart home security, earthquake detection, IoT privacy and security, automation, edge intelligence, and Internet of Things architecture.

The climate challenge is an energy challenge. thus, policymakers around the world are trying to accelerate the adoption of clean energy technologies. The Global Energy Review said that global CO2 emissions from energy combustion in 2021 reached the highest annual level with an increase of 6% from 2020, The automotive sector is very important to achieve net zero global emissions by 2050 based on the agreement with the world in the Scenario Net Zero Emissions by 2050. in which in 2035 sales of internal combustion engine cars (ICE) will be stopped. In this case, of course, electric vehicles are an alternative to the field of future land transportation that uses batteries as fuel that utilizes renewable energy as a charger for electric vehicles. Electric vehicle charging infrastructure (EVCI) is a key driver of increased electrification mobility shifting away from internal combustion engines given that the specific geographical distribution of a region and its demographics are factors influencing the adoption of electric vehicles. This paper was written to review the state-of-the-art of Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV), a PV energy source in terms of renewable energy utilization, energy generation, batteries, and charging stations. PV generation is extensively reviewed, and although this research is quite extensive, some gaps need to be investigated for further research on commercial and residential aspects as a means of operating batteries for electric vehicle charging stations based on PV and BESS (Battery Energy Storage System). Regulations on the use of battery electric vehicles as an environmentally friendly means of transportation will grow based on government policies from each country

The battery monitoring system (BMoS) is crucial to monitor the condition of the battery in supplying and absorbing the energy when operating and simultaneously determine the optimal limits for achieving long battery life. All of this can be done by measuring the battery parameters and increasing the state of charge (SoC) and the state of health (SoH) of the battery. The battery dataset from NASA is used for evaluation. In this work, the gradient vector is employed to obtain the trend of the energy supply pattern from the battery. In addition, a support vector machine (SVM) is adopted for an accurate battery accuracy index. This is in line with the use of polynomial regression; hence, points V1 and V2 are obtained as the boundaries of the normal-usage phase. Furthermore, testing of the time length distribution is also carried out on the length of time the battery was successfully extracted from the classification. All these stages can be used to calculate the rate of battery degradation during use so that this strategy can be applied in real situations by continuously comparing values. In this case, using the voltage gradient, SVM method, and the suggested polynomial regression, MAPE (%), MAE, and RMSE can be obtained against the battery value graph with values of 0.3%, 0.0106, and 0.0136, respectively. With this error value, the dynamics of the SoC value of the battery can be obtained, and the SoH problem can be resolved with a shorter usage time by avoiding the voltage-drop phase.

The correlation between lightning and several weather parameters (rainfall, humidity, air temperature, and wind) in Padang from 2016 to 2020 was statistically analyzed. Lightning data and weather parameters were obtained from two electric field mills (EFMs) and the meteorology, climatology, and geophysics agency (BMKG), Indonesia. The study results show that the highest lightning occurred in November during the wet season. The correlation coefficient between lightning and rainfall during the wet and dry seasons was 0.52 and 0.26, respectively. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient of lightning with humidity, air temperature, and wind during the wet and dry seasons was 0.25, 0.06, 0.15, and -0.45, 0.25, -0.02, respectively. These results indicate a strong relationship between lightning and rainfall during the wet season; rainfall is the only primary variable in lightning frequency.

Micro Hydro (PLTMH) Ngalau Baribuik, Padang - West Sumatra, has operated since 2012. It is currently the only source of electricity for the local community, some of whom work as chicken breeders. Based on community service activities in 2021, information was obtained that the PLTMH's electricity had yet to be utilized optimally. Meanwhile, chicken breeders also needed egg incubators to increase their productivity. This community service activity aims to design an IoT-based automatic egg incubator to optimize the use of renewable energy. Activities started with field visits, making initial plans, designing and testing the machine, handing over the machine, and disseminating knowledge. The designed a smart egg incubator worked well after a 21-day hatching test for chicken eggs. The IoT technology installed on the device also functions appropriately and can show real-time temperature and humidity on mobile devices.

In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) trend has been adopted very quickly. The rapid growth of IoT has increased the need for physical access control systems (ACS) for IoT devices, especially for IoT devices containing confidential data or other potential security risks. This research focused on many-to-many ACS, a type of ACS in which many resource-owners and resource-users are involved in the same system. This type of system is advantageous in that the user can conveniently access resources from different resource-owners using the same system. However, such a system may create a situation where parties involved in the system have their data leaked because of the large number of parties involved in the system. Therefore, 'isolation' of the parties involved is needed. This research simulated the use of smart cards to access electric vehicle (EV) charging stations that implement an isolated many-to-many authentication scheme. Two ESP8266 MCUs, one RC522 RFID reader, and an LED represented an EV charging station. Each institute used a Raspberry Pi Zero W as the web and database server. This research also used VPN and HTTPS protocols to isolate each institute's assets. Every component of the system was successfully implemented and tested functionally.

The development of low viscosity insulating liquids derived from natural esters is conducted in our laboratory. Nine monoesters, i.e., methyl myristate, ethyl myristate, isopropyl myristate, methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, isopropyl palmitate, methyl stearate, ethyl stearate, and isopropyl stearate were synthesized from alcohols and saturated fatty acids. Treatments were performed to reduce water and acid contents and improve the oxidation stability of the monoesters. Some fundamental properties, such as breakdown voltage, kinematic viscosity, density, water content, acidity, and oxidation stability, were tested before and after treatments. The results are evaluated based on the international electrotehnical commission (IEC) standard specifications for low-viscosity monoesters derived from natural esters, IEC 62770. Except for the water content, all other properties have good compliance with the standard. The treatments reduced the water content significantly, but the values are still slightly higher than that specified by the standard.

Ngalau Baribuik Micro-hydro Power Plant (MHP) is located in Bukit Karang Putih, Lubuk Kilangan, Padang City. This MHP with a capacity of 10 kW belongs to the local community which has been operating since 2012. This MHP was built with the aim of meeting the electricity needs of the people of Nagari Ngalau Baribuik who are not covered by electricity from PLN. Based on the information obtained from the MHP management, until now the operating profile and loading pattern of the MHP which is managed independently by the community has not been identified. To overcome this problem, a community service activity was carried out to minimize the failure of the MHP in meeting the needs of the community and the worst possibility was that there was damage to the generator. The target of this activity is the people of Nagari Ngalau Baribuik who are consumers of the MHP. Through this community service activity, the people who are consumers of the Nagari Ngalau Baribuik MHP have understood the importance of saving energy to maintain the sustainability of the MHP. People also know tips for saving energy that they can apply in their daily lives. Efforts to transfer knowledge to the community have been successfully carried out through this activity.

The use of solar energy as a source of electrical power is done by utilizing solar panels. Even though the sun has two sources of energy: light energy and heat energy, however, up to now, the heat energy generated by the sun is not yet fully utilized. This study was aimed to develop floating -on water- power plant where the temperature difference that occurs in thermoelectric generator can increase the optimal output voltage on solar panels. The thermoelectric hot side is patched under the solar panel, and the cold side is patched on the surface of the water level. This study showed that the highest voltage results on the connected series are 3±1 volts with thermoelectric generator connected 60 series. The power generated by the thermoelectric generator is 3-7mW with a temperature difference of 14.5°C. Thermoelectric efficiency of the floating generators was 84.4%. The electrical power generated by the thermoelectric generator was stored in a 3V 2000 mAh electric battery. This energy is sufficient to light up the lamps and to charge the mobile phone for daily use.

Rectifier is a non-linier load that causes harmonic distortion in the power system. Pulse-width modulation (PWM) method is an effective method in pressing the magnitude of harmonics in a rectifier application, it provides an almost sinusoidal input current. However, the variation of loads that supplied by a rectifier cause the harmonics that arise can still beyond the applicable standard. The amount of harmonics in the operating range of a rectifier need to be identified to determine the filter on the input side. In this research article, 3-phase PWM rectifier was designed with hysteresis current control technique using PSCAD software simulation. Harmonic compensation was carried out by applying an active filter based on P-Q theory to reduce the harmonic distortion that occurs in the input current, thus giving a low total harmonic distortion (THD) value. Based on the simulation, 3-phase PWM rectifier operation starting at a power level of 150 kW, giving a THD value above 5-10% by the increasing the amount of load supplied by the rectifier. The application of active filter based on the P-Q theory is able to compensate harmonics in the input current wave with a THD value below 5% in the rectifier operating range.

One of the obstacles the Pinankabu studio faces is the lack of adequate equipment for processing silk threads and the currently available dyeing equipment for natural dyeing. Some equipment such as degumming pans, hangers, furnaces, and stoves are no longer suitable for needs. The properties of silk, which vary with demand and temperature, must be studied under appropriate conditions. Currently, partners can not confirm whether these conditions are met at work. The planned solution to this problem is the design of degumming pans, hangers, furnaces, and stoves that can increase work effectiveness and improve the quality of production and design systems to measure pH and temperature accurately and in real-time. This activity aims to develop yarn processing equipment at Pinankabu studio to increase productivity and maintain product quality. The expected benefits of this activity are that partners have natural colouring instruments that can improve the quantity and quality of production. Operators can work comfortably because the equipment is designed to design ergonomic users. Equipment that will be developed is an example of a similar business. The method used was the implementation of engineered products on partners. The implementation stages consisted of problem formulation, solution determination, solution design, implementation, evaluation, and activity outputs. The expected result is that partners can increase the productivity and quality of the yarn produced.

A work accident can occur anytime and anywhere to the worker if they take unsafe action and are in an unsafe condition. Mining areas located in the hills have unsafe conditions for operating heavy equipment, such as steep terrain conditions, slippery roads, and foggy weather, and lack of lighting. Installation of light assign is the right step in reducing work accidents at night, foggy and rainy weather. Measurement of wind data and calculation of wind potential statistically using Weibull distribution. The parameter values of scale and shape are 1.67 and 1,71 respectively, with an average wind speed of 1,49 m/s and the wind power potential of 3.14 W/m2. Based on measurement and analysis results, this quarry always gets wind gusts both day and night, so it has the potential to take advantage of wind energy either on a small turbine scale or in small and medium electric power.