In this study, gadolinium molybdate (Gd6MoO12) was successfully synthesized via a sonochemical method and explored for its potential application as an electrode modifier in supercapacitors. This work allowed the synthesis of a supercapacitor electrode that is both chemically stable and has a high capacity. A lower-loss option suitable for prolonged use without replacement has been developed as a substitute for current energy storage devices. The synthesized material was characterized and evaluated for its performance as a modifier for supercapacitor electrodes, demonstrating promising electrochemical properties. For the sake of this, the material's capacity was assessed at various current densities and cyclic stability measurements for ultralong cycles. For sample 1Ag(-1), the capacity was measured 156.27 Fg(-1) and for 1000 cycles the cycling stability measured 26.37% (at 1Ag(-1)) and for 10,000 cycles the cycling stability measured 143.36% (at 10Ag(-1)). These results demonstrate a noticeable decline in capacity with decreasing current values, indicating the material's behavior and electrochemical performance under varying current conditions. As concluding remarks, obtained using sonochemical methods, will be a noteworthy study in literature due to its specific capacitance value and cycle life.

The growing global emphasis on sustainable energy solutions has intensified the search for high-performance, environmentally benign electrode materials that can meet the dual demands of energy storage and waste minimization. Among the emerging strategies, the valorization of plastic waste into functional materials for supercapacitor applications presents a compelling circular economic approach. In this work, we report the solvothermal synthesis of lanthanum-based metal–organic frameworks (La-MOFs) utilizing three distinct types of post-consumer plastic wastes polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic bags, and polystyrene (PS) petri dishes as unconventional organic linker sources. Without the need for purified chemicals or complex pre-treatment, the plastics were directly converted in situ under solvothermal conditions (180 °C for 24 h in a DMF/H2O medium) into coordination-capable moieties, leading to the successful formation of La-MOF nanostructures labeled as La-PET, La-LDPE, and La-PS. Comprehensive structural and electrochemical characterizations revealed significant differences in morphology, crystallinity, and capacitive behavior across the samples, dictated by the chemical nature of the original plastic waste. Notably, the La-PS material derived from polystyrene petri dishes exhibited the highest specific capacitance of 583.91 F/g at 1 A/g, attributed to its high surface area and possibly enhanced electronic interactions. Meanwhile, La-LDPE, synthesized from plastic bags, demonstrated exceptional rate capability at 20 A/g, suggesting favorable ion transport dynamics and structural stability under high current densities.

The intelligent design of highly electrochemically active materials to achieve superior energy and power densities is always critical for energy storage systems. Herein, a novel strategy is developed to design unique metal chalcogenides (Bi-Zn-Se). A hierarchical design of chalcogenide adorned with coral reef-like copper structures via electrodeposition is directly used as the positive supercapacitor electrode. Moreover, biomass-derived hollow carbon structures synthesized via pyrolyzation are employed as a negative electrode in the hybrid device. The hierarchical architecture of both positive and negative electrodes, coupled with strong electroactivity and simple electrolyte permeation, results in significantly increased electrochemical performance, with specific capacitances of 230 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1. The assembled Cu@Bi-Zn-Se//C battery-type device delivers superior energy density of 85.2 Wh kg-1 and outstanding power density of 817.92 W kg-1. Overall, creating heterostructures by combining electro-active materials was a fruitful approach to producing a high-performance battery-type hybrid energy storage device.

Photo-powered and photo-responsive energy production and storage devices are promising alternatives to meet the growing energy demand in modern society. Solar energy is a clean and sustainable light source for these devices. Bismuth-based materials with oxychloride dopants exhibit superior optoelectronic properties due to their layered structure and rapid electron-hole pair separation ability. The unique crystal structure and inherent electrochemical properties of Bi3O4Cl make it an intriguing candidate for energy storage applications. In this study, we investigated the electrochemical performance of Bi3O4Cl as a supercapacitor material, exposed to both direct solar radiation and solar simulator radiation. Electrochemical measurements were conducted in a three-electrode system using a 2 M KOH electrolyte solution. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge (GCD), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) were performed. In the GCD measurements, the pure material exhibited an average capacitance of 259.6 F g(-1), while specific average capacitance values of 689 F g(-1) and 676 F g(-1) were observed with direct sunlight exposure and solar simulator exposure, respectively. This represents approximately 165 % and 160 % enhancement in capacitance compared to the pure material.

The integration of superhydrophobicity with photocatalytic functionality offers a powerful pathway toward surfaces capable of autonomous self-cleaning through both passive liquid repellency and active pollutant degradation. However, achieving this combination remains fundamentally challenging, as low-surface-energy modifiers often suppress photocatalytic activity or undergo photo-induced degradation. Here, we present a sunlight-driven strategy for generating superhydrophobic photocatalyst surfaces by leveraging the self-diffusion of free oligomers in cross-linked PDMS (CL-PDMS) films. By depositing hydrophilic photocatalyst nanoparticles onto CL-PDMS surfaces and exposing the system to sunlight, PDMS oligomers are selectively grafted onto the photocatalyst surface, creating a concentration gradient that directs the spontaneous diffusion of PDMS free oligomers toward the air interface. This self-diffusion process transforms hydrophilic photocatalysts with a contact angle of ~6° into superhydrophobic, photocatalytically active entities exhibiting contact angles of up to 172° and sliding angles as low as 2°, without compromising their catalytic performance. Our findings reveal that oligomer diffusion in CL-PDMS, traditionally regarded as an undesirable phenomenon, can instead be harnessed as a functional mechanism for precise control over surface properties. This work establishes a new materials paradigm where sunlight-induced polymer diffusion enables scalable fabrication of bifunctional superhydrophobic–photocatalytic coatings for self-cleaning, antibacterial, and environmental remediation applications.

The evolution of advanced electrochemical energy storage systems depends on the rational design and synergy of component materials.This study provides a method for implementing a BiOBr, CuO and MXene (Ti3C2Tx, Tx= -F,-O,-OH,-Cl,-Br,-I) tripartite composite system to generate efficient zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs).The electrochemical performance was assessed utilizing three electrolyte types: a conventional electrolyte (C-ZHSC) and two redox-active electrolytes, potassium bromide (B-ZHSC) and potassium ferrocyanide (F-ZHSC).The specific surface area (SSA) of the MXene@CuO@BiOBr composite attained 47.77 m2 g-1, nearly twice that of CuO (23.80 m2 g-1) and markedly greater than that of BiOBr (7.07 m2 g-1).The electrochemical analysis demonstrated that the MXene@CuO@BiOBr composite delivered an outstanding specific capacitance (Cs) of 796 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1, together with a remarkably broad potential window ranging from -1.2 to 0.42 V. In contrast, the C-ZHSC system obtained a maximum Cs of 288 F g-1 at 2.5 A g-1 within a potential window of 0.9-2.2 V. Furthermore, the device exhibited excellent energy and power characteristics, with the highest energy density (ED) of 68 Wh kg-1 and an impressive maximum power density (PD) of 26,000 W kg-1, underscoring the superior electrochemical efficiency of the designed system. The redox-active electrolytes noticeably enhanced performance: B-ZHSC boosted Cs and ED by around 1.3-fold (365 F g-1, 86 Wh kg-1), while F-ZHSC exhibited an even more substantial enrichment, nearly 1.9-fold (544 F g-1, 128 Wh kg-1) comparative to C-ZHSC. Power density remained consistent across all systems. The B-ZHSC and F-ZHSC devices obtained enhanced cycle stability, achieving capacity retentions of 79% and 84% following extended cycling, which corresponds to about 5%-fold and 10%-fold improvements, respectively, compared to C-ZHSC (74%). The improvements are ascribed to the efficient inhibition of zinc dendrite formation by redox additives. The MXene@CuO@BiOBr composite, particularly in conjunction with redox-active electrolytes, demonstrates significant promise for next-generation ZHSCs owing to its elevated capacitance, energy density, and prolonged cycle life.

The growing demand for high-efficiency energy storage systems has driven the search for advanced electrode materials with improved power and energy densities. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently attracted significant attention owing to their high porosity, large surface areas, rich redox-active metal centers, and favorable ion transport properties. In this study, a sandwich-type La–Fe–La multilayer La-based metal–organic framework (MOF) was rationally designed, in which an Fe-containing MOF layer is intercalated between two La-based MOF layers, to enhance electrochemical performance compared to a conventional La-MOF electrode. Structural and morphological analyses confirmed that the multilayer configuration promotes a more organized and accessible framework with abundant electroactive sites. As a result, the multilayer MOF electrode exhibited an approximately fourfold increase in specific capacitance, delivering 319.62 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹, compared to 77,13 F g⁻¹ for the pristine La-MOF. Moreover, the multilayer MOF demonstrated improved cycling stability, retaining 86.67

Photo-assisted supercapacitors represent a promising strategy for efficient solar energy utilization by enabling simultaneous energy harvesting and storage. In this study, LaNiO3 and NdNiO3 perovskite materials were investigated as photoactive electrode candidates due to their favorable photoelectronic properties and the unique role of rare earth elements. Comprehensive material characterizations were performed using FESEM, STEM, EDX, XRD, FT-IR, Raman, BET, and UV-Vis analyses. Electrochemical performance was evaluated under UV illumination (20 W, 365 nm) and dark conditions. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements at 100 mV/s revealed a 9% increase in areal capacitance for LaNiO3 and a more substantial 14% enhancement for NdNiO3 under UV light. This performance improvement is attributed to enhanced electron-hole pair generation, particularly in NdNiO3, whose band gap lies closer to the UV region. These results underscore the potential of rare earth-based perovskites in advancing photo-assisted supercapacitor technology. The findings contribute to the development of next-generation energy storage systems capable of directly integrating solar energy.

In this work, we report a simple and cost-effective method for improving both the environmental stability and photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQY) of perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs). Through their embedding in a specially designed macroporous polydimethylsiloxane (MPDMS) matrix and incorporation of plasmonic gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), remarkable improvements are achieved. The resulting MPDMS@PNC composites are seen to retain near-unity quantum efficiency even after 24-h immersion in water and are observed to retain over 85

The detection of potentially harmful chemicals such as Rhodamine B (RhB) in consumer products is key for the public health. Although the use of RhB is prohibited due to its highly toxic properties, it is used in different cosmetics and foods because of its low cost and broad availability. Therefore, appropriate analytical techniques are required to monitor such compounds. Since RhB is a predominantly apolar molecule, it can be extracted selectively and effectively by using materials with a dominant hydrophobic character in its isolation from the matrix environment. In this study, methyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) grafted Fe3O4 nanoparticles (PDMS-Fe3O4 NPs) were synthesized as a superhydrophobic medium and used for magnetic solid phase extraction of RhB at trace level prior to it's UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis. The superhydrophobic PDMSFe3O4 NPs exhibit selective attraction to RhB and repulsion from other compounds, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the analysis. Along with magnetic solid phase extraction, effects of pH, the quantity of adsorbent, the type and volume of eluent, the volume of the sample, and the optimization of the real sample were investigated. The limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) and preconcentration factor (PF) values of the proposed magnetic solid-phase extraction MSPE method were calculated as 0.5 mu g center dot L- 1, 1.7 mu g center dot L- 1 and 267, respectively. The MSPE method can be applied for various cosmetic and food samples for the sensitive and accurate determination of trace RhB with high recoveries that range from 86.4 % to 103.7 %.

Supercabatteries (SCB) are emerging as the ideal energy storage solution for applications requiring high power and energy output. This study offers an efficient approach for synthesizing a ternary multifunctional SCB electrode material composed of CuS, CoS, and Bi2S3. Biomolecular l-cysteine (L) and thiourea (T) were utilized as sulfide sources to improve the electrochemical efficiency of the electrodes. The l-cysteine increased the specific surface area (SSA) of CuS by similar to 1.5-fold, that of CoS by similar to 9-fold, and that of Bi2S3 by similar to 1.2-fold. The best-performing CuS@CoS@Bi2S3 hybrid electrode was utilized in the construction of symmetric SCB devices operating at a voltage of up to 1.65 V. The use of an electrolyte doped with a redox additive potassium ferrocyanide [K-4[Fe(CN)(6)]] was key in obtaining superior electrochemical performance leading to an energy density of 128 Wh kg(-1) and a power density of 50.000 W kg(-1) with considerable enhancements in the cycle durability.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has long been recognized for its rapid and sensitive detection capabilities; however, challenges persist in practical fabrication of the substrates and interpreting complex data. Herein, we propose a deep learning (DL) assisted SERS approach to enable rapid and sensitive detection of analytes on practical yet highly effective substrates prepared by direct spray-coating of a nanoparticle-free true solution of a reactive Ag ink and on-site thermal annealing mediated generation of nanostructures. This design ensured homogeneous distribution of Ag nanostructures throughout the entire substrate, significantly increasing the number of hotspots and enhancing the Raman signals, thereby achieving an impressive analytical enhancement factor of similar to 10(10) in a reproducible and consistent manner. The diagnostic utility of this platform was demonstrated by detecting the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein in both buffer and saliva, with detection limits of 74.3 pg/mL and 7.43 ng/mL, respectively. The DL-assisted SERS not only accurately identified the presence or absence of viral antigen, but also automatically quantified the viral load. This automatic identification achieved an outstanding accuracy of similar to 99.9 %, highlighting the exceptional performance of the proposed platform. This simple, cost-effective, scalable, and ultra-sensitive DL-assisted SERS platform offers significant opportunities for early and precise detection in a range of analytical scenarios.

Plasmonics and superhydrophobicity have garnered broad interest from academics and industry alike, spanning fundamental scientific inquiry and practical technological applications. Plasmonic activity and superhydrophobicity rely heavily on nanostructured surfaces, providing opportunities for their mutually beneficial integration. Engineering surfaces at microscopic and nanoscopic length scales is necessary to achieve superhydrophobicity and plasmonic activity. However, the dissimilar surface energies of materials commonly used in fabricating plasmonic and superhydrophobic surfaces and different length scales pose various challenges to harnessing their properties in synergy. In this review, an overview of various techniques and materials that researchers have developed over the years to overcome this challenge is provided. The underlying mechanisms of both plasmonics and superhydrophobicity are first overviewed. Next, a general classification scheme is introduced for strategies to achieve plasmonic and superhydrophobic properties. Following that, applications of multifunctional plasmonic and superhydrophobic surfaces are presented. Lastly, a future perspective is presented, highlighting shortcomings, and opportunities for new directions.

Sustainable and practical preparation of nanostructured materials with superhydrophobicity and photocatalytic activity remains a persistent challenge for a diverse range of applications including water treatment and selfcleaning surfaces. This study reports solvent-free mechanochemical grafting of polydimethylsiloxane to photo-catalytic TiO2 nanoparticles with a diameter of 21 nm and generation of a monolithic material with demonstrated use in adsorption and degradation of organic pollutants. The monolith exhibited bulk superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 1720 and sliding angle of 10. At the same time, the monolith effectively degraded organic pollutants such as methylene blue, under UV light with 92 % efficiency in 7 h. Furthermore, the superhydrophobic monolith demonstrated effective sorption of hexane, toluene, sunflower oil and pump oil from water with efficiencies approaching 90 %. These findings demonstrate the promise of solvent-free mechanochemical processes in developing nanostructured materials for water treatment applications.

Counterfeiting poses a significant threat to global trade and public health. Effectively combating counterfeiting involves benefiting from stochastic physical processes to build physically unclonable functions (PUFs). Polymers, as low-cost materials with a wide range of functionalities, hold huge potential for PUF applications. In this context, while there are ongoing applications and studies related to PUF systems today, the development of PUF systems that provide high stochastic characteristics and robustness through simple and low-cost production methods remains critically important. In this regard, we propose stable and addressable polymer PUFs, utilizing a cross-linkable poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP). The Rayleigh instability phenomenon occurring in electrohydrodynamic processes is used to fabricate randomized polymeric features. A brief thermal annealing process enhances adhesion with the substrate, while UV-ozone treatment cross-links P2VP. When applied through stencil masks, UV-ozone treatment results in localized cross-linking, yielding addressable randomized features. Structural and chemical analysis is employed to examine the cross-linked polymer features. Adjusting the conditions of electrospraying and cross-linking leads to PUFs with outstanding stability against solvents, oxygen plasma, and thermal heating. The randomized response of polymer features is evaluated through various statistical criteria. Feature matching algorithms enable direct authentication of images captured under different rotations and lighting conditions. This study demonstrates a versatile strategy for creating polymer-based PUFs with remarkable stability and addressability, enabled by a cross-linkable polymer system.

Flexible supercapacitors with high charge storage ability are needed for emerging applications in wearable electronics. Here, we introduce a novel flexible supercapacitor electrode by incorporating flower-like MoS2 into MXene via a hydrothermal technique. We mostly focused on the structural design for electrode configuration to enhance the charge storage mechanism. Three different electrodes composed of MoS2, MXene, and MoS2@MXene were fabricated via a versatile drop-casting and drying method. There are unique advantages of incorporating MoS2 with MXene such as the fast electron transfer, hydrophilicity of the interface, and structural stability. The MoS2@MXene // MXene flexible asymmetric supercapacitor device offered a high energy density of 1.21 W h /kg and a power density of 54.45 W /kg. Moreover, the asymmetric device exhibits nearly identical electrochemical behavior following 100 bending cycles at different angles. The high electrochemical activity of MoS2 and MXene and good interaction are ascribed to the superior electrochemical performance of the composite material. Furthermore, this research could guide the development of flexible, high-performance, and low-cost electrodes which will be useful in wearable electronics.

Perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) have found extensive utility across diverse technological applications in optoelectronics; nevertheless, their susceptibility to environmental instability poses a significant constraint on their practicality. Within this investigation, we present a novel and facile approach for the development of highly stable superhydrophobic PNCs. These engineered superhydrophobic perovskite nanocrystal composites, referred to as HSNPs@PNCs, demonstrate remarkable optoelectronic attributes, provided that their inherent instability can be effectively mitigated. HSNPs@PNCs manifest an impressive water contact angle of 172 degrees and an exceedingly low sliding angle of 1 degrees, thus showcasing their exceptional superhydrophobicity. Of particular note is the extraordinary stability exhibited by HSNPs@PNCs despite aqueous environments, thermal fluctuations, and UV exposure. Remarkably, even after a prolonged 30 -day immersion in water, this nanocomposite maintains an outstanding emission efficiency of 75 %. Furthermore, the method of application through a spray deposition technique circumvents sample size limitations, thereby amplifying their suitability for industrial applications. Moreover, this study extends the practicality of HSNPs@PNCs by enabling their homogeneous coating onto various surfaces such as glass, fabric, and aluminum, yielding luminescent superhydrophobic surfaces. This approach liberates the substrates from constraints, significantly broadening the potential spectrum of applications for these materials within diverse industrial and technological domains.

Abstract Supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted significant attention in the realm of energy storage devices due to their exceptional features, such as enhanced charge storage capacity, fast charge‐discharge rates, and high power density. The emergence of cost‐effective and highly productive SCs is a topic of interest among industrial and scientific communities. Ferrites with a perovskite crystal structure are often considered excellent electrode materials due to their intrinsic properties, affordability, low environmental impact, and widespread availability. An in‐depth investigation of perovskite ferrites in the context of SCs is necessary to advance the understanding of these materials. The techniques used in the synthesis of ABO3‐type perovskite bismuth ferrite materials are comprehensively reviewed in this review. The review starts by analyzing various types of SCs classified based on their electrode materials. The review provides a comprehensive understanding of the design and functionality of these devices, serving as an important source of inspiration for new methods of synthesis and fabrication methodologies that aim to produce environmentally friendly SCs.

Patterning of quantum dots (QDs) is essential for many, especially high-tech, applications. Here, pH tunable assembly of QDs over functional patterns prepared by electrohydrodynamic jet printing of poly(2-vinylpyridine) is presented. The selective adsorption of QDs from water dispersions is mediated by the electrostatic interaction between the ligand composed of 3-mercaptopropionic acid and patterned poly(2-vinylpyridine). The pH of the dispersion provides tunability at two levels. First, the adsorption density of QDs and fluorescence from the patterns can be modulated for pH > ≈4. Second, patterned features show unique type of disintegration resulting in randomly positioned features within areas defined by the printing for pH ≤ ≈4. The first capability is useful for deterministic patterning of QDs, whereas the second one enables hierarchically structured encoding of information by generating stochastic features of QDs within areas defined by the printing. This second capability is exploited for generating addressable security labels based on unclonable features. Through image analysis and feature matching algorithms, it is demonstrated that such patterns are unclonable in nature and provide a suitable platform for anti-counterfeiting applications. Collectively, the presented approach not only enables effective patterning of QDs, but also establishes key guidelines for addressable assembly of colloidal nanomaterials.

There is an urgent need to develop practical routes for manufacturing transient electronic devices to tackle the emerging issue of electronic waste and enable next-generation devices. This study reports additive patterning of conductive layers on industrially available water-soluble nonwoven fabrics composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Aqueous inks composed of reactive silver precursors can be practically patterned over water-soluble fabrics by inkjet printing. The efficient deposition of materials with droplet volumes on the order of picoliters ensures the generation of conductive patterns on a water-soluble fabric using a solution-processable fabrication with aqueous inks. The fabrication of conductive electrodes and transience behavior are studied on PVA fabrics with two different degrees of hydrolysis, providing tunability in the temperature-dependent degradation of the substrate. The application of the printed conductive pads is demonstrated in resistive heaters. The temperature of the fabric can exceed 100 degrees C in less than 15 s at a safe voltage of 3 V. The heater exhibits stable operation under cyclic heating and cooling. The presented approach presents key opportunities in additive patterning of aqueous solutions and colloidal dispersions over water-soluble substrates for transient device applications.