随着互联网的发展,新媒体迅速崛起,以"侠客岛"为代表的新媒体评论受到了广泛关注,并体现出与传统媒体评论不同的文本特征.本文从元话语的视角出发,探讨以"侠客岛"为代表的新媒体评论在元话语使用方面的特征.我们选取了新媒体及传统媒体评论各30篇,从词汇元话语、视觉元话语和标点元话语等三个维度进行了对比,探究二者在元话语使用方面的异同.研究发现,以"侠客岛"为代表的新媒体评论采取了更多元的元话语手段,因而在视觉呈现、情感及立场表达、语言表达等方面呈现出异于传统媒体的特征,在一定程度上提升了新媒体评论的传播度和接受度.文章建议,新闻评论作者要格外重视元话语手段的运用.

With the development of science and technology, the intelligent distribution network is making rapid progress and the demand for power supply is also increasing. The classification and analysis of the power outage causes in distribution network is helpful to the prediction of power failure. There is a large gap in the proportion of categories of the sample data of power grid outage causes, and serious category imbalance will lead to the deviation of classification results. In order to classify the original data more reasonably, the sample value added technology based on generative adversary network is used to expand the category data with less data in this paper. In order to realize automatic classification of power grid outage causes, the method of text data preprocessing and the text classification model based on deep learning are studied. Finally, the experimental results show the influence of sample capacity and classification accuracy.

文章旨在研究汉语学习词典中语用信息的问题:以"哥们儿""一下""不好意思""可能""感谢""呗""方便"等7个词语为例,编纂词条中语用信息处理的方式.为了对所构建的语用信息处理模式进行检验及反馈,本研究设计探讨了一个使用者满意度调查实验,共有30名汉语学习者参与本实验.调查结果显示:(1)所设计词条语用信息编纂方式的满意度显著高于其他版本;(2)汉语学习者期待从词典中获得语用信息;(3)汉语学习者更期待词典运用不同的呈现方式来呈现语用信息.在调查之后,还对被试进行了后续访谈,访谈结果也显示出被试对于本研究的认可,也对编纂情况提出了意见及建议.最后,依据调查及访谈结果,还对语用信息的处理进行了修正.

The distribution network has the characteristics of many endpoints, large quantity and wide area. The frequent failure of distribution equipment seriously affects the reliability of the system and the use of users. Regular manual maintenance every year brings unnecessary maintenance costs. In addition, different maintenance schemes have a great impact on the overall health of the power grid and user experience. The maintenance problem of distribution network is the analysis of typical stochastic problem, and it is difficult to find the best maintenance plan. This paper proposes a research method of maintenance strategy based on Monte Carlo tree search method, presents the maintenance strategy search algorithm of Monte Carlo tree. Finally, the Monte Carlo tree generation process is studied based on the total maintenance cost of three years.

Load forecasting and health early warning of distribution equipment is a very active research field and an important aspect, which can guarantee the system stability under large disturbances and optimize the distribution of energy resources in the smart grid. Therefore, it is of great significance to design and develop a distribution equipment health early warning system based on the demand of staff for monitoring and early warning of distribution equipment. In this paper, the analysis and design of distribution transformer health early warning system are carried out, and the goal of early warning system is defined. The whole frame and deployment architecture of system are presented. Moreover, the design flow of the system core function modules and the design pattern and the framework for system development are given. The system monitors and forewarns the operation status of the distribution network equipment, and sends the abnormal situation of the early warning result to the staff, which can save the manpower and material resources wasted due to manual troubleshooting.

Electrical load forecasting is of great significance, which can guarantee the system stability under large disturbances and optimize the distribution of energy resources in the smart grid. Load forecasting of distribution is a very active research field and an important aspect, as the load power of distribution transformer is closely related to the health and reliable of the power grid. Deep Learning technology have shown to be very powerful in load forecasting of distribution. Based on the deep learning technology, this paper uses the historical load data of distribution transformer to establish an appropriate prediction model to predict the future load of transformer. In this paper, the long short-term memory(LSTM) model is used to predict the distribution transformer load. The idea of integrated learning is used to improve the accuracy of LSTM network in load forecasting. The input dimension of the model is enriched to solve the problem that the model cannot be built due to the lack of historical data. Finally, the experimental results show the superiority of the proposed method.

在汉语国际传播发展如火如荼的今日,如何讲好中医故事,提高中医文化传播的效果已迫在眉睫.文章首先阐述了向外国学生讲好中医故事的两个基础,即"讲什么"和"怎么讲".而后,确立了确定中医故事范围的两个标准和讲好中医故事的形式和方法.

Discrete event simulation is the most important and essential part in network simulation. The node-oriented model of discrete event scheduling is a model that allocates computing resources as nodes and makes the discrete event simulation as a simulation task on nodes. In this article the reason of low performance in large-scale network simulation is analyzed, and an ideal node-oriented model of discrete event scheduling is presented and a resource-limited node-oriented model of discrete event scheduling by adding some restrictions on network resources is proposed. Then, the authors complete contrast experiments of the resource-limited node-oriented model of discrete event scheduling and NS2. Finally, packet loss in resource-limited node-oriented model of discrete event scheduling is examined. Also, NS2 is discussed in this article and the authors have proposed an improved method for the packet loss algorithm in a resource-limited node-oriented model of discrete event scheduling.

文章旨在研究汉语学习词典中语用信息的问题.语用信息是词典中负载语用意义的信息,它是学习词典中的重要信息,也是促进汉语学习者进行语用学习的重要方式.在以往对学习词典语用信息选取的研究中,尚未关照到词典的使用者——学习者(汉语学习者)的实际需求.文章基于前人的研究成果和需求分析理论,试图从学习者需求视角进行语用信息选取.调查方法以问卷调查为主,调查结果中有一些需要进一步探究的问题,我们选择了若干被试进行后续访谈.调查结果显示:(1)学习者对语用目标的需求比较强烈.(2)尽管和语用目标需求有一定程度的差异,学习者对词典语用信息也有相当程度的需求.(3)不管是语用目标需求还是语用信息需求,其内部项目之间的重视程度有所差异,并且有些差异已达到了显著程度.这提示我们在进行语用信息选取的过程中,要考虑学习者对不同语用项目的需求差异.最后,文章结合学习者的实际需求,考察了三部汉语学习词典语用信息的处理情况,并指出了其中存在的问题.

文章旨在讨论汉语学习词典中文化词语的收词和释义问题.文章将文化词语分为两大类、四小类,并根据这个分类标准对两部汉语学习词典(《商务馆学汉语词典》和《汉语教与学词典》)文化词语的收词和释义进行了考察.最后文章指出了两部词典文化词语上收词、释义的一些问题,并提出了相关建议.

二语学习词典是二语学习者学习语言的必备工具之一.英语学习词典在二语学习词典编纂与研究领域一直处于领军地位,而汉语学习词典在编纂理念、编纂重心、再版更新速度、编纂体系及现代化程度等方面都相对滞后,也缺乏用户需求及使用反馈视角的研究,鲜见综合多元视角的研究成果.未来汉语学习词典编纂应注重语用信息的选取与呈现,多编纂适用"低起点""国别化"的汉语学习词典等,研究上注重用户需求和反馈.

随着城市化进程的加快,我国农村社会发生了很多改变,逐渐呈现出乡村教育凋敝、阶层分化严重、暴戾之气滋生、封建活动抬头等问题,造成这些问题的一个重要原因就是农村社区文化认同的缺失.阐述农村社区及文化认同的概念及特征,从经济结构、人口结构、生活方式、文化结构四个角度分析了强化农村社区文化认同的重要性及现实意义.

In order to ensure the security of electric power supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system, this paper proposes a dynamic awareness security protection model based on security policy, the design idea of which regards safety construction protection as a dynamic analysis process and the security policy should adapt to the network dynamics. According to the current situation of the power SCADA system, the related security technology and the investigation results of system security threat, the paper analyzes the security requirements and puts forward the construction ideas of security protection based on policy protection detection response (P2DR) policy model. The dynamic awareness security protection model proposed in this paper is an effective and useful tool for protecting the security of power-SCADA system.

文章以问卷调查为主要研究方法,对82名高级阶段留学生在汉语写作中对词典各部分信息的需求进行了问卷调查,并对其中的4名留学生汉语写作中的词典使用情况进行了观察和访谈.所得结论主要有:(1)高级水平汉语学习者在汉语写作中优先选择手机(或电脑)词典软件、掌上电子词典以及网络在线词典作为学习工具.(2)多数学习者会综合多种因素选购词典,其中“检索容易”、“携带方便”、“收词量大”是学习者优先考虑的因素.(3)大部分留学生都认为词典在汉语写作中有着十分重要的作用.但是,词典中与书面表达密切相关的各类信息却没有得到学习者同样的重视,一些有助于汉语书面表达的信息也没有起到相应的辅助作用.(4)留学生即使达到了高级汉语水平,在汉语写作过程中仍然非常依赖母语释义.

首先,文章对1984-2013年对外汉语学习词典研究的文献进行了统计和分类,将30年的研究分为萌芽期(1984-1994)、摸索期(1995-2004)和发展期(2005-2013).其次,统计了不同阶段关注的研究问题,数据显示,每个阶段的研究重心都在“编者(研究者)对词典文本的描写和评估”这类问题上,其中这类研究问题内部又以释义研究和例证研究为主,“汉语作为第二语言学习者对词典的使用和实际需求”和“计算机及其相关技术在词典编纂中的应用”两大类问题数量相对较少.最后,文章对未来值得展开的研究领域提出自己看法.

“用户友好”认为工具书提供的内容等必须宜于学习者使用。本文从“用户友好”这一角度分析了《商务馆学汉语字典》的特色与不足。本文发现，该字典在检字法、字词呈现等方面体现了“用户友好”的特征，但在例词与义项的安排等方面也存在不符合“用户友好”的方面。

“The characteristic of learning”is an important standard for Chinese learner’s dictionary and is very important for the compilation and research of Chinese learner’s dictionary. Based on the concept“learning”in learn-ing theories and the characteristic of learner’s dictionary,“the characteristic of learning”of learner’s dictionary refers to the characteristics in learner’s dictionary that can help learners learning. According to the“Learning Outcomes Theory”presented by R.M.Gagne, specific characteristics of learning include intellectual skills, verbal information, cognitive strategies, motor skills and attitudes.

“学习性”是评价对外汉语学习词典的一条重要准则,在对外汉语学习词典的编写和研究中有着重要意义。基于学习理论对“学习”的定义并结合学习词典的性质,可以将学习词典的“学习性”定义为学习词典中所体现出的能够帮助学习者获得更好的学习效果的一系列特征。对外汉语学习词典的“学习性”主要体现在以下五个方面：智慧技能、言语信息、认知策略、动作技能和态度。

文章以《朗文当代英语辞典》为例,从其五个版本的发展过程中剖析出学习词典的“学习性”表现,包括:(1)易懂:简化释义用语和语法代码,扫清学习者理解障碍;(2)易用:凸显词语用法信息,提高学习者表达能力;(3)易查:完善词典信息的查询方式,便于学习者快速锁定所需信息.最后,文章结合《朗文当代英语辞典》的编写经验对未来汉语学习词典的编写提出了看法.