Background: Respiratory tract infections are a common health issue, driving interest in preventive strategies like nutritional supplements, while evidence on their usage and effectiveness remains limited. In this context, social media platforms, particularly X (formerly Twitter), provide a unique opportunity to gather large-scale public health-related data. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to survey participants’ uses and opinions on nutritional supplements in prevention or treatment of respiratory tract infections, by using X. Methods: A survey was conducted between 1st and 15th December 2022. A single open-ended question “Which are the best dietary supplements to counteract respiratory infections?“ was asked. One week after the start of the survey, a poll was posted to get more relevant information and boost the survey’s reach. Total endorsements were calculated for each tweet posted as the total sum of replies, retweets, and likes. Results: The open-ended question received a total of 118 retweets, 39 quotes, and 371 likes, while the poll received 56 retweets, 13 quotes, and 67 likes. A total of 495 replies, 2,251 retweets, 5,118 likes, and 148 quotes were received for the question and its related tweets. Vitamin D (1,607 endorsements), zinc (1,347 endorsements), vitamin C (803 endorsements), magnesium (694 endorsements), and honey (661 endorsements) were the nutritional supplements that received most endorsements. Conclusion: Various foods, drinks, and natural ingredients have been suggested as potentially helpful for counteracting respiratory infections. Approximately half of respondents indicated using such supplements for themselves. The result of this study supports the idea that the X platform can be used as an effective survey tool to study global health-related behaviours and trends.

In the contemporary era of herbal sciences, numerous plants are being searched, performed, and studied to identify the therapy for various diseases. Holoptelea integrifolia has medicinal significance. These plants, particularly part of the bark, stem, and leaf of the plant, have ethnopharmacological value. Country in India, Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb. also known as chill, kanji, and chirabilva, is a plant with therapeutic benefits that belong to the Ulmaceae family. Large, glabrous, spreading, deciduous trees that emit an unpleasant fragrance when the leaves are touched between the fingers are its distinguishing feature. These plants include a variety of biomolecules, including pigments, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, and flavones. It possesses hypolipidemic, wound-healing, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammations, colic, intestinal worms, vomiting, sores, skin conditions, filariasis, obesity, and diabetes mellitus can all be treated with it. The presence of some chemical components, including terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids and flavonoids was confirmed by phytochemical analysis.

Phytomedicines are now an important area of better treatment and high prospects in many countries these medicinal herbs are found in tropical and subtropical areas and it is an erect, branched herb usually 2 to 3 m in height. The members of this species are annual and perennial. The leaves of the plant are alternate, paripinnate compound and the petiole possesses a dark purple-brown ovoid gland near the stem junction. Senna occidentalis (L.) also known as “Kasondi or coffee senna” is a herbaceous medicinal weed with orange-yellow to yellow flowers belonging to the family “Fabaceae (Leguminosae)” Senna occidentalis (L.). The present work was designed to investigate the presence of quercetin and gallic acid in the n-hexane and hydro-alcoholic extract of S. occidantalis through HPTLC. The result presented through chromatograms and peak tables reveals the presence of quercetin in the sample extracted with n-hexane and hydro-alcohol while gallic acid was not detected in n-hexane and hydro-alcohol extracted samples.

BACKGROUND:The development of digital technologies and the evolution of open innovation approaches have enabled the creation of diverse virtual organizations and enterprises coordinating their activities primarily online. The open innovation platform titled "International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce" (INPST) was established in 2018, to bring together in collaborative environment individuals and organizations interested in natural product scientific research, and to empower their interactions by using digital communication tools.METHODS:In this work, we present a general overview of INPST activities and showcase the specific use of Twitter as a powerful networking tool that was used to host a one-week "2021 INPST Twitter Networking Event" (spanning from 31st May 2021 to 6th June 2021) based on the application of the Twitter hashtag #INPST.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The use of this hashtag during the networking event period was analyzed with Symplur Signals (https://www.symplur.com/), revealing a total of 6,036 tweets, shared by 686 users, which generated a total of 65,004,773 impressions (views of the respective tweets). This networking event's achieved high visibility and participation rate showcases a convincing example of how this social media platform can be used as a highly effective tool to host virtual Twitter-based international biomedical research events.

The objective of the study was to determine efficacy of Amaranthus spinosus extract against inflammation and wound along with assessment of safety profile of drug upon topical application. The collected whole plant was extracted with ethanol (65 %). In vitro efficacy of extract was performed on HaCaT and MEF cells. Clonogenic and scratch assays were carried out to determine the wound healing activity of the extract. Acute oral and dermal toxicity studies were conducted in accordance with OECD recommendations in order to assess the drug's profile for safety. Biological efficacy of A. spinosus was determined using incision wound healing model and measuring the tensile strength of a healing skin. Results showed that A. spinosus extract significant reduced inflammation and wound area. The percentage viability of cells were 96.20 and 96.23 %, respectively for HaCaT and MEF cells after 48 h of treatment; however, surviving factor were 0.71 ad 0.79, respectively. The tensile strength was 574.5 g after treatment with drug as compared to the control group. It can be concluded based on findings that A. spinosus may be used as an alternative medicine in the healing of wound.

Abstract Aim The aim of the study was to assess the toxicity profile of Selaginella bryopteris extract and evaluate its wound healing activity. Methods In vitro wound healing activity of S. bryopteris extract (5% and 10%) was performed using Clonogenic and Scratch assays. The toxicity profile of S. bryopteris extract ointment was evaluated on animals using acute toxicity and dermal toxicity tests. In vivo wound healing activity of S. bryopteris extract ointment (5% and 10%) was used to determine tensile strength in the incision wound healing model. Results Results exhibited that the extract was safe up to 2000 mg/kg per oral dose and non-reactive while applied topically. In vitro results showed that S. bryopteris extract closed the wound gap created by 97.13% in 48 h. The clonogenic assay revealed that the surviving factor for HaCaT cells and MEF cells was 0.78 and 0.85 after treated with 10% concentrations of S. bryopteris. The tensile strength exhibited by S. bryopteris 5% and 10% groups was 395.4 g and 558.5 g in comparison to the control group. Conclusion Thus, S. bryopteris extract can be used as an alternative safe drug therapy against topical wounds.

Renal abscesses are known to occur in patients with diabetes, urinary tract abnormalities and immunocompromised states. However, literature on renal abscess in young otherwise healthy adults with no urinary tract abnormalities is sparse. We present a case series of four such cases of renal abscesses complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI).

Wound mending is a complex organic cycle that brings about the reclamation of tissue honesty. Physiologically, it very well may be separated into four particular periods of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling (redesigning). This chapter portrays the cellular premise of wound mending and extracellular flagging cycles, which is responsible to control them. The capacity of fibroblasts, neutrophils, platelets, and macrophages is contemplated exhaustively. The idea of mending by essential and optional expectation is talked about. Numerous components are known to unfavorably influence mending including undernourishment, hypoxia, immunosuppression, ongoing sickness, and medical procedure. It is fundamental that specialists comprehend the key physiological cycles associated with mending to limit patient illness from postponed recuperating.

The present study was performed to determine analgesia and anti-inflammatory activities of whole plant extract of Selaginella bryopteris on animals. The extract of S. bryopteris whole plant was performed using ethanol (70%) as a solvent. The phytochemical investigation of plant extract was done to evaluated secondary metabolites present in the plant. It was further characterized using HPTLC technique to identify active constituents present in the S. bryopteris extract. The efficacy of plant extract was evaluated using the hot plate method and tail flick method against pain and carrageenan-induced paw oedema model against inflammation. Results exhibited that S. bryopteris extract possesses alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, carbohydrate, protein and amino acids, steroids, vitamins, gums and mucilages. HPTLC fingerprinting analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid and rutin as active constituents present in the plant extract. S. bryopteris extract showed significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, it can be used as a safer alternative drug against pain and inflammation in comparison to existing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Ritesh Kumar Srivastav1*, Vishal Kumar Vishwakarma2, Mahesh Prasad1, Tarique Mahmood Ansari3, Shiv Kumar Srivastav1, Shravan Kumar Paswan4 and Pritt Verma5 1Faculty of Pharmacy, Kamla Nehru Institute of Management and Technology, Sultanpur, India 2Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India 3Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India 4Pharma Talk Research Foundation, Lucknow, India 5Faculty of Pharmacy, Goel Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lucknow, India

Background: To evaluate the antiulcer activity of ethanolic leaves extract of Saraca indica against ethanol, pylorus ligature and indomethacin in albino rats. Materials and Methods: Ulcer was produced by ethanol, pylorus ligature and indomethacin in albino rats. Five groups (n=6) of rats were orally pre-treated with carboxymethyl cellulose solution, and ranitidine (80 mg/kg) respectively. In ethanol induced ulcer, the animals were treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. ethanolic leave extracts of Saraca indica in 0.3% CMC solution, 60 minutes before oral administration of absolute ethanol to produce gastric mucosal injury. In indomethacin induced ulcer, the drug was administered orally at the dose of 30 mg/kg b.w. After 7-9 hours of administration of indomethacin (30 mg/kg); the animals were sacrificed with high doses of anesthesia. In the pylorus ligature method, volume of free acidity, gastric secretion, pH and total acidity were estimated. In all three models, the ulcer index and % protection were estimated. Results: The anti ulcer activity of ethanolic leave extracts of Saraca indica in ethanol, indomethacin and pylorus ligature models is evident from the significant (P<0.001) reduction in ulcer index. In pylorus ligature model, significant (P<0.001) reduction in total acidity gastric volume and increase in pH were observed when compared with the standard drug. Conclusion: Ethanolic leave extracts of Saraca indica were found to be significantly protective against ethanol, indomethacin and pylorus ligature induced gastric ulcers in the experimental albino rats. The result obtained suggest that ethanolic leave extracts of Saraca indica possesses significant anti-ulcer activity.

Aim: To extent awareness of nanoparticles and their application.Objective: Synthesis of nanoparticles and their determination of properties and size are most prominent in drug development as well as pharmaceutical research. To understand the concept behind this technique is necessary to understand the nanoparticles and its technicalapplication.Background: From many years, nanoparticles and its development for various research to target the drug and its delivery on targeted site is booming in the treatment of various disease in the current scenario. So, these techniques are utilized to change the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and release of drug delivery at a particular time.Reason: Awareness related to the research of nanoparticles in pharmaceutical research as well as the drug industry. How to cite this article: Rastogi C, Shukla N, Kashyap S et al. Nanoparticle and its Relevance: A Reassessment. Rec Trends Pharm Tech Ind 2020; 2(1): 12-19.

For the last few decades, the immunochromatographic assay has been used for the rapid detection of biological markers in infectious diseases in humans and animals The assay, also known as lateral flow assay, is utilized for the detection of antigen or antibody in human infectious diseases. There are a series of steps involved in the development of these immuno-chromatographic test kits, from gold nano colloids preparation to nitrocellulose membrane coating (NCM). These tests are mostly used for qualitative assays by a visual interpretation of results. For the interpretation of the results, the color intensity of the test zone is therefore very significant. Herein, the study was performed on a malaria antigen test kit. Several studies have reported the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with varying diameters and its binding with various concentrations of protein in order to optimize tests. However, none of these studies have reported how to fix (improve) test zone band intensity (color), if different sized AuNPs were synthesized during a reaction and when conjugated equally with same amount of protein. Herein, different AuNPs with average diameter ranging from 10 nm to 50 nm were prepared and conjugated equally with protein concentration of 150 µg/mL with KD = 1.0 × 10−3. Afterwards, the developed kits’ test zone band intensity for all different sizes AuNPs was fixed to the same band level (high) by utilization of an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. The study found that the same optical density (OD) has the same test zone band intensity irrespective of AuNP size. This study also illustrates the use of absorption maxima (λ max) techniques to characterize AuNPs and to prevent wastage of protein while developing immunochromatographic test kits.

Present study involved determining the weight of cobalt-free desiccant (non- indicating) required in order to maintain the pregnancy test kit functionality during accelerated stability studies. The desiccant sachets were placed inside the aluminum pack to prevent damage to the immune chromatographic kits from humidity. The most of immune chromatographic test kits use indicating silica gel as a desiccant. The weight of silica gel in test kits ranges from 0.5 gm to 1.0 gm, which was used indiscriminately by manufacturers without any scientific rationality. The WHO has recommended verifying the desiccant condition before utilizing malaria test kits for diagnosis to identify the damage to the device. The non-indicating silica gel has the advantage of being cobalt-free, which is nontoxic. In comparison, non-indicating silica gel has the disadvantage of being unable to be identified by color change when packaging has leakage for ambient moisture, causing damage to the kit. The immune chromatographic test kits use antigen-antibody proteins for functioning, which are conjugated with a marker and coated on control and test line. High humidity can alter the functionality of proteins, conjugation, and affect the efficacy and efficiency (sensitivity and specificity) of the kits during the shelf life. Currently, the evidence of desiccants impact on kit stability is very minimal. Herein, we found that Weintraub and Tetreault\u0027s equation is the best method for calculating the optimum weight required for non-indicating silica gel. Utilizing this equation 1.5 gm of silica gel is the ideal weight required to sustain the sensitivity of the pregnancy test kit in 300C + 20C (temperature) and 75 % + 5 % (relative humidity) over 180 days in accelerated condition.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic whole plant extract of Leucas lanata (family - Lamiaceae) against rifampicin+isoniazid (RIF+INH) induced hepatic damage in rats.Methods: Wistar rats of either sex were divided into five groups of six animals each and given orally the following treatment for 28 days. The normal control was given 1% CMC 1 ml/kg body weight (b.w.), RIF+INH antitubercular drug (ATT) at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w., p.o. was given a toxic dose for inducing hepatotoxicity. Silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o) was given as reference standard. Two different doses of Lucas lanata extract of 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o were tested for hepatoprotective activity. At the end of the treatment, blood was collected from direct cardiac puncture and analyzed for numerous bodily fluid parameter such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphate (ALP), total protein (TP), and total bilirubin (TB) and oxidative stress parameter lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde and also evaluated the hydroxyproline content, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-1 beta in all groups. Livers were isolated for its essential estimation followed by histopathological studies.Results: Hepatic serum markers (ALT, AST, ALP, albumins, TP, and TB) were significant (p<0.01–p<0.001) protective effect was obtained against ATT-induced liver damage, and ATT treatment significantly decreased LPO, SOD, and GSH (p<0.001) levels compared with control Group I and given a Leucas lanata extract (LLE) (p<0.01–p<0.001), the oxidative stress markers were markedly reversed. Histopathology of liver tissue showed that LLE attenuated the hepatocellular necrosis, regeneration, and repair of cells toward normal. LLE which was standardized using high-performance thin-layer chromatography revealed the presence of some critical phenolic (gallic acid and quercetin) compound.Conclusion: The results of this study powerfully indicate the protecting result of LLE against liver injury which can be attributed to its hepatoprotective activity, and thereby scientifically support its traditional use.

Background: Holarrhena antidysenterica L. traditionally treats amoebic dysentery, diarrhoea, asthma, bronchopneumonia, malaria and some other disorders. Aim: The current study was designed to explore the effects and possible mechanisms of Holarrhena antidysenterica on paracetamol induced hepatic damage in a rat model. Materials and methods: The Hepatic damage was induced in male wistar rats with PCM (2g kg-1) administration for 4 weeks. Liver histopathological study was performed, and the liver function was performed by determining the (SGPT) Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, (SGOT) Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Total bilirubin (TB) for evaluating the effect of HAE on hepatic damage. The possible mechanisms were investigated by measuring hepatic collagen metabolism and oxidative stress level. Findings: HA extract care significantly inhibited the loss of liver weight induced by PCM. Then the HAE improved the liver function of rats as recorded by decreased serum enzymatic activities of SGPT, SGOT ALP and TB (p<0.05, p<0.01). Histopathological results indicated that HAE alleviated liver damage and reduced the formation of fibrous septa. Moreover, HAE significantly decreased liver Hydroxyproline (Hyp) content. It also decreased liver Malondialdehyde concentration, increased activities of liver superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. The hematological Parameter induced by HAE is normal compared with the control. The standardized extract HPTLC investigation uncovered the presence of some critical phenolic compound. Conclusion: This examination demonstrated that Holarrhena antidysenterica could be taken as a decent common wellspring of the hepatoprotective agent.