Public health concerns about organic UV filters are increasing, yet exposure levels among children remain poorly characterized. In particular, the contribution of non-sunscreen sources is still unclear. To address this gap, we recruited 301 children aged 6-11 years with limited sunscreen use from Indonesia, Thailand, and Saudi Arabia during 2017-2018. Human biomonitoring of octocrylene (OC), 2-ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS), and homosalate (HMS) was conducted by analyzing eight novel urinary biomarkers using online-SPE-LC-MS/MS. Daily intakes were estimated by reverse dosimetry. Our results demonstrated widespread exposure to OC and EHS in children, whereas HMS exposure was rare. Significant inter-country differences were observed, with the highest concentrations of CPAA (biomarker for OC) in Thai children (92.3% > LOQ) and of 5cx-EPS (for EHS) in Indonesian children (76.4% >LOQ). Reported sunscreen use was not associated with urinary metabolite concentrations. None of the metabolites exceeded the HBM-I value; however, the maximum 5cx-EPS concentration (6.26 µg/L) approached this threshold. Among the children, OC and EHS exposures were not associated with reported sunscreen use, but were significantly associated with other potential sources, including antimicrobial soap use and fish consumption. Several country-specific sources were also identified: OC exposure was associated with recent wardrobe replacement (Indonesia), and frequent use of toilet detergents (Thailand), while EHS exposure was associated with the use of bath products in Indonesia and paper-based food storage containers (Saudi Arabia). These findings establish baseline exposure levels of major organic UV filters in children and highlight the importance of non-sunscreen sources in shaping exposure pathways.

Background: Health policymaking is inherently political, shaped by interactions among government institutions, legislatures, and diverse stakeholders. In decentralized settings such as Indonesia, these interactions influence agenda setting, resource allocation, implementation, and policy change. However, limited evidence exists on the political dynamics underpinning local health policymaking at the district level. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the politics of health policymaking in Bombana District through an analysis of interactions among government actors, legislative institutions, and key stakeholders. Methods: A qualitative study design was employed using in-depth interviews with six purposively selected key informants representing government, legislative, professional organizations, health service providers, and civil society. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis informed by policy network and advocacy coalition perspectives. Results: Six major themes emerged: policy actor networks, advocacy coalitions and competing interests, health policy formulation processes, power relations and political negotiation, policy implementation dynamics, and policy change and learning. Findings revealed that executive actors held dominant influence in agenda setting and resource allocation, while policymaking was also shaped by negotiation, coalition-building, and inter-actor collaboration. Implementation was constrained by resource limitations and political dynamics, whereas policy learning supported adaptation and change. Conclusion: Health policymaking in Bombana operates as a networked and politically mediated governance process rather than a purely technical exercise. Strengthening collaborative governance, participatory decision-making, and evidence-informed policy processes may improve health policy responsiveness and implementation in decentralized settings. Keywords: health policy politics; policy networks; advocacy coalitions; decentralized governance; qualitative study

Filariasis remains a significant public health problem in Indonesia, including in Kolaka Regency, which is characterized by a humid tropical climate that favors vector survival. Climate variability particularly temperature, humidity, rainfall, and sunshine duration is known to influence the transmission dynamics of filariasis. Therefore, long-term data-driven analyses are required to better understand the role of climatic factors in case occurrence. This study aimed to examine the influence of climate variables on the incidence of filariasis in Kolaka Regency during 2013–2023 using a Bayesian Poisson Regression approach. An analytical observational design with a time-series framework was employed. Secondary data on filariasis cases were obtained from the Kolaka District Health Office, while climate data were sourced from the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency. The variables analyzed included temperature, humidity, rainfall, sunshine duration, and a time index. Data were analyzed using a Bayesian Poisson Regression model with MCMCNUTS sampling, followed by diagnostic model evaluation. A total of 207 filariasis cases were recorded from 2013 to 2023, showing a 53.8% decline over the study period. The analysis demonstrated that humidity had a positive and the most substantial influence on case increases (IRR=1.133; 94% HDI excluded 1). Temperature exhibited a negative association with filariasis incidence (IRR=0.921). The time index indicated a significant decreasing annual trend (IRR=0.966). Rainfall and sunshine duration did not show credible effects on case incidence. Overall, climate factors particularly humidity and temperature play an important role in the transmission dynamics of filariasis in Kolaka. These findings highlight the necessity of incorporating climate information into early warning systems, surveillance activities, and targeted intervention strategies to strengthen filariasis elimination programs in endemic regions.

Background: Health policy in decentralized governance is not merely a technocratic process but also a political arena shaped by leadership, power relations, actor coalitions, and negotiation among stakeholders. In island districts such as Konawe Kepulauan Regency, local political dynamics may substantially influence health decision-making processes. Objective: This study explores how leadership, power distribution, political negotiation, and actor networks shape local health policy decision-making in Kabupaten Konawe Kepulauan Regency. Methods: This study employed a qualitative case study design. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with key informants purposively selected from government, legislature, health bureaucracy, civil society, and professional organizations, including representatives from the district government, Regional House of Representatives (DPRD), Regional Development Planning Agency (Bappeda), District Health Office, hospital leadership, NGOs, and health professional associations. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Results: Five major themes emerged: (1) health policy as a networked arena dominated by executive leadership and intersectoral actors; (2) leadership and power distribution as determinants of policy priorities; (3) negotiation and political compromise in agenda setting and policy formulation; (4) budget constraints and political dynamics shaping policy implementation; and (5) policy learning and adaptive governance as drivers of policy change. Findings suggest health policy is deeply embedded in local political processes, where leadership authority, actor coalitions, and negotiation influence priority setting and implementation. Conclusion: Health policymaking in Konawe Kepulauan Regency represents a dynamic political arena where power, leadership, and institutional interaction shape policy outcomes. Strengthening collaborative governance and reducing excessive political influence in priority setting are crucial for equitable health policy development. Keywords: health policy, local politics, leadership, power relations, qualitative study, decentralization

This community service activity aimed to improve primary school students’ knowledge regarding environmental chemical exposure and kidney health while introducing a simple renal screening approach as an educational awareness tool. The program was conducted in 2023 at Sekolah Dasar Negeri 6 Kendari and involved 30 grade 5 and grade 6 students selected using accidental sampling. The activities consisted of interactive, age-appropriate education sessions and preliminary screening using urine protein dipstick testing, together with serum urea and creatinine measurements. Knowledge scores increased from a mean of 3.13 (SD 1.93) before the education sessions to 8.83 (SD 1.02) after the sessions (p < 0.001), indicating substantial short-term improvement in understanding. Most participants had negative urine protein findings, with a small proportion showing low-level positivity, whereas biochemical values were generally within expected ranges. The screening results are presented descriptively to support awareness and should not be interpreted as a clinical diagnosis or as evidence of impaired renal function. Overall, the activity demonstrates the feasibility of integrating school-based health education with simple screening to promote awareness and engagement, providing a practical model for community health promotion while avoiding overstatement of clinical implications.

Background: Diarrhea remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, particularly in coastal and island regions with limited access to sanitation. The low ownership of healthy latrines is an environmental factor contributing to the high incidence of diarrhea. South Buton Regency, especially the working area of Batuatas Health Center, has challenging coastal geographical conditions, making it vulnerable to sanitation and environmental health problems. Objective: This study aims to describe the distribution of access to healthy latrines and the incidence of diarrhea in the working area of Batuatas Health Center during the period 2022–2024, based on secondary data from the Health Center Profile Methods: This is a quantitative descriptive study using secondary data from the Batuatas Health Center Profile. The data analyzed include the percentage of households with healthy latrines and the incidence rate of diarrhea across all age groups. The analysis was conducted using tables and graphs to interpret patterns and trends narratively. Result: The coverage of healthy latrines decreased from 77.45% in 2022 to 64.04% in 2024. Conversely, the incidence of diarrhea increased from 23.15 per 1.000 population in 2022 to 24.25 per 1.000 population in 2024. Conclusion: Access to healthy latrines is closely related to the incidence of diarrhea. A decrease in healthy latrine coverage has the potential to increase the risk of diarrhea in Batuatas. Efforts in education, community empowerment, and strengthening the Community-Based Total Sanitation program need to be continuously improved, especially in coastal areas with limited sanitation facilities. These results are expected to be the basis for environmental health intervention strategies in South Buton Regency. Key Word: Sanitation, Latrine, Incidence, Diarrhea, Environmental Health

Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease with a continuously increasing prevalence worldwide and in Indonesia. Limited public knowledge regarding its risk factors and prevention contributes to a higher incidence of the disease and its complications. This community engagement activity aimed to improve public awareness and knowledge of diabetes mellitus prevention and management through a digital poster campaign on social media. The program involved situation analysis using secondary data, poster development, validation by content and media experts, publication on Instagram, and evaluation of audience responses. Three digital posters were created, focusing on healthy eating habits, reducing excessive sugar intake, and promoting physical activity and weight management. Content validation resulted in an average feasibility score of 76% (feasible), while media validation achieved 83.3% (highly feasible). The campaign demonstrated strong public engagement, with Poster 3 reaching 1,416 accounts and generating the highest number of interactions (139), whereas Poster 1 recorded the highest engagement rate (30.33%). Overall media acceptance reached 86.3%, categorized as very good, indicating that the digital posters are effective and well accepted as health education media to enhance public awareness and support diabetes mellitus prevention and management.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan bakteri Salmonella sp pada ayam geprek serta menggambarkan personal higiene penjamah makanan dan sanitasi warung makan di Kelurahan Lalolara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif yang dilaksanakan pada bulan November hingga Desember 2024. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh warung makan ayam geprek di Kelurahan Lalolara yang berjumlah 15 warung, dan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Data diperoleh melalui pemeriksaan laboratorium dan observasi langsung di lapangan. Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan bahwa dari 15 sampel ayam geprek, 4 sampel (26,7%) positif mengandung Salmonella sp, sedangkan 11 sampel (73,3%) negatif. Dari segi personal higiene penjamah makanan, sebanyak 10 warung makan (66,7%) tidak memenuhi syarat, dan hanya 5 warung makan (33,3%) yang memenuhi syarat. Adapun untuk sanitasi warung makan, 14 warung (93,3%) memenuhi syarat, sedangkan 1 warung (6,7%) tidak memenuhi syarat. Simpul, bahwa keberadaan Salmonella sp pada ayam geprek kemungkinan besar dipengaruhi oleh rendahnya tingkat personal higiene penjamah makanan dan beberapa aspek sanitasi yang belum optimal. Oleh karena itu, peningkatan kesadaran terhadap pentingnya kebersihan diri dan sanitasi lingkungan pengolahan makanan sangat diperlukan untuk mencegah risiko penyakit bawaan makanan. Kata Kunci: Salmonella Sp, Ayam Geprek, Personal Higiene, Sanitasi Warung Makan

Tuberkulosis merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang telah menjadi perhatian dunia selama beberapa tahun terakhir. Salah satu tantangan dalam pengendalian tuberkulosis yaitu tuberkulosis resistan Obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor risiko kejadian tuberkulosis resistan obat di RSUD Bahteramas Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan case control study. Populasi penelitian ini adalah pasien TB yang melakukan pengobatan di RSUD Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 96 sampel yang terdiri dari 32 kasus dan 64 kontrol. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah total sampling pada kelompok kasus dan simpel random sampling pada kelompok kontrol. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Odd Ratio (OR) dan uji regresi logistik berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa riwayat pengobatan sebelumnya memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dengan nilai OR sebesar 3,702, (batas bawah = 1,500 dan batas atas = 9,139). Kepatuhan minum obat memiliki nilai OR sebesar 3,182 (batas bawah = 1,317 dan batas atas = 7,688). Efek samping obat memiliki nilai OR sebesar 3,400 (batas bawah = 1,388 dan batas atas = 8,326). Riwayat kontak memiliki nilai sebesar 1,296 (batas bawah = 0,547 dan batas atas = 3,071). Berdasarkan analisis multivariat, diperoleh bahwa riwayat pengobatan sebelumnya memiliki nilai OR sebesar 3,429 dan efek samping obat memiliki nilai OR sebesar 3,134. Riwayat pengobatan sebelumnya, kepatuhan minum obat dan efek samping obat merupakan faktor risiko kejadian tuberkulosis resistan obat. Sementara itu, riwayat kontak bukan merupakan faktor risiko kejadian tuberkulosis resistan obat. Faktor risiko yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian tuberkulosis resistan obat di RSUD Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara adalah riwayat pengobatan sebelumnya.

Background: The preservation of local culture is an important aspect of regional development, especially in the era of globalization that tends to marginalize traditional values. One of the strategic steps taken by the Konawe Regency Government is the issuance of Regional Regulation Number 18 of 2018 concerning Official Traditional Attire of Konawe Regency Objectives: This study aims to analyze the content and implementation of the regional regulation by examining its relevance, objectives, supporting resources, implementation process, and its social and economic impacts on the community. Methods: This research uses a descriptive method with a policy review approach. Data were collected through document analysis. Results: The findings show that the regulation is relevant to the need to preserve the Tolaki traditional attire as a local identity. However, its implementation still faces challenges, such as limited socialization, lack of supporting resources, and the absence of clear monitoring mechanisms. Despite these challenges, the policy has had a positive impact on cultural strengthening and the development of creative industries among local artisans. Conclusion: The study concludes that continuous evaluation is needed to optimize the impact of the regulation on cultural sustainability and regional development.

Evaluation is an assessment activity that compares the results of program achievements with the objectives that have been set. The evaluation process is used to describe and understand the internal dynamics of a program. This research aims to analyze the implementation of the Kendari ity ISPA disease prevention and control program. The research method is descriptive qualitative research with in-depth interview methods using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method analysis and document review. The number of informants was 5 people, the selection of informants was carried out purposively based on predetermined criteria. Based on the results of the AHP analysis, it shows that the criteria for resources, intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors that are priorities for evaluating the prevention and control of ISPA are health workers, immunization and the mother's level of knowledge. And the strategy for preventing and controlling ISPA is health workers to provide education or outreach about ISPA. It can be concluded that health workers, immunization and the level of maternal knowledge are priorities in evaluating the prevention and control of ISA in Kendari City.

Children are considered vulnerable to plasticizer exposure and related adverse health effects. In many Asian countries, however, the extent of plasticizer exposure among children is poorly understood despite the increasing use of plasticizers. This study compared plasticizer exposure levels and risks among children in four Asian countries and investigated the major risk drivers. Children aged 6-14 years old were recruited between 2022 and 2023 from Korea (n = 89), Thailand (n = 111), Indonesia (n = 100), and Bangladesh (n = 100). They were measured for major metabolites of phthalates and nonphthalate plasticizers in the first morning void urine. Indonesian and Bangladeshi children showed higher exposure to phthalates but lower exposure to nonphthalate alternatives. At the same time, children from Thailand and Korea exhibited a greater transition to the alternatives. In all countries, DEHA contributed to over 80% of the total estimated daily intake (EDI) for all plasticizers. Bangladeshi children exhibited 1.5-2 times greater total plasticizer exposure than the children of the other countries across all EDI quartiles. Among the high-risk subgroup (within the top 25th percentile of the hazard index), DEHP accounted for 62 and 52% of the cumulative risk in Indonesia and Bangladesh, while DnBP contributed to 63 and 54% in Thailand and Korea, respectively. Our observations reveal critical disparities in plasticizer exposure among Asian children, highlighting an urgent need for follow-up investigations on the exposure sources of major risk drivers and region-specific interventions.

Multiple nutrition remains a major problem in Indonesia, including among school-age children, which can affect the quality of human resources in the future. School-age children are a group that is vulnerable to nutritional problems because they need diverse food intake for optimal growth and development. The purpose of this activity is to determine the difference in students' knowledge about balanced nutrition before and after being given education through my nutrition diary media at SDS IT ALWahdah Kendari in 2024. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed both before and after education, using the Diari Giziku book media. Students who will receive education are 35 students. The assessment results of the paired sample t-test test show the p-value of knowledge (0.000) < α (0.05), attitude (0.000) < α (0.05), and motivation (0.000) < α (0.05), meaning that there is a difference in knowledge before and after being given education through my nutrition diary media, therefore it can be concluded that my nutrition diary media is a medium that can increase students' understanding of balanced nutrition.

Leptospirosis merupakan penyakit zoonosis yang ditularkan melalui kontak dengan urin hewan yang terinfeksi bakteri Leptospira, terutama tikus. Penyakit ini sering muncul di daerah dengan sanitasi buruk dan lingkungan yang memungkinkan pertumbuhan populasi tikus, seperti wilayah yang sering mengalami banjir dan memiliki banyak genangan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor lingkungan dan perilaku terhadap kejadian leptospirosis di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Lepo-lepo pada periode 2023-2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Informan penelitian terdiri dari Kepala Puskesmas Lepo-lepo, Programmer Pengendalian Penyakit Menular, serta Kepala Seksi Pelayanan Terpadu Kantor Kecamatan Baruga. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi, sementara analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif interaktif yang mencakup reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingginya kasus leptospirosis di wilayah ini dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan yang buruk, seperti selokan yang tersumbat, genangan air, dan kebersihan yang kurang terjaga, yang meningkatkan risiko penyebaran bakteri Leptospira. Penanganan kasus mengikuti prosedur yang telah ditetapkan oleh Dinas Kesehatan, dengan diagnosis awal dilakukan oleh dokter dan konfirmasi laboratorium dikirim ke BTKLPP Kelas I Makassar. Upaya pencegahan lebih banyak dilakukan melalui penyuluhan kesehatan oleh promosi kesehatan (promkes) dan kesehatan lingkungan (kesling), sementara kegiatan kebersihan rutin dilakukan oleh pihak kecamatan dan kelurahan. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya intervensi yang lebih komprehensif dalam pengendalian leptospirosis, termasuk peningkatan edukasi masyarakat tentang perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS), pengelolaan sampah, serta penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD) saat beraktivitas di lingkungan berisiko. Kolaborasi antara pemerintah, tenaga kesehatan, dan masyarakat sangat diperlukan untuk mengurangi angka kejadian leptospirosis secara efektif.

Scabies is a contagious skin disease caused by infected and easily transmitted Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis mites and often occurs in high-density environments, such as Islamic boarding schools. One of the main causes of scabies is personal hygiene. Personal hygiene, also known as personal hygiene, is maintaining physical and mental cleanliness and health. Low knowledge and awareness of personal hygiene among students can increase the risk of this disease. The purpose of the counseling activity is to increase knowledge about personal hygiene and scabies among students at the Abdurrahman bin 'Auf Kendari Islamic boarding school. The method used is lectures and educational games using true and false boxes and mystery boxes. The number of participants in this education was 53 students. The results of the socialization showed that there was a difference in average knowledge before and after being given education with a statistical test using the Paired t-test. So it can be concluded that socialization of personal hygiene and scabies can increase student knowledge.

Background: Microplastics are plastic particles smaller than 5 µm that persist in the environment and resist natural degradation. Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of microplastics in various environmental media, including drinking water. This contamination raises public health concerns because microplastics can enter the human body through daily water consumption and may carry hazardous chemical substances, potentially causing long-term health effects. Objective: This study aims to examine the presence, characteristics, and potential health risks of microplastic contamination in drinking water through a systematic literature review. Method: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Scientific articles were obtained from Google Scholar, ResearchGate, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect using the keywords microplastic, drinking water, bottled water, and health risk. Data were analyzed descriptively, focusing on microplastic types, particle sizes, polymer composition, and identification methods. Results: Microplastics were detected in bottled water, refill drinking water, and tap water in several countries, including Indonesia. The dominant forms were fragments and fibers, with sizes ranging from 0.01 µm to >5 µm. The most common polymers were polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polystyrene (PS). Identification methods included filtration, microscopy, ATR-FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and SEM-EDS. Potential health risks include inflammation, oxidative stress, digestive disorders, and carcinogenic effects. Conclusion: Microplastics are confirmed contaminants in drinking water and may pose risks to public health. Strengthened monitoring, standardized detection methods, improved water treatment technologies, and public awareness are essential to reduce exposure.

Kesehatan reproduksi merujuk pada kondisi yang berkaitan dengan sistem reproduksi dan cara kerjanya, aspek mental serta sosial budaya. Berdasarkan Laporan Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023, tercatat 64,4% perempuan berusia 10–19 tahun pernah mengalami kehamilan, sementara 12,8% di antaranya sedang dalam kondisi hamil. Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional (BKKBN) melaporkan pada tahun 2023, prevalensi kehamilan tidak diinginkan (KTD) secara nasional mencapai 17,5%. Tujuan kegiatan ini untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan pentingnya menjaga Kesehatan Reproduksi. Sebanyak 25 responden yang kami ambil di SMAN 11 Kendari sebagai kelas percontohan. Kegiatan edukasi di SMA Negeri 11 Kendari difokuskan pada seluruh siswa sebagai peserta utama. Menggunakan metode ceramah dan games edukasi rangking 1 dengan evaluasi pengisian kuesioner pre-test dan pos-test. Hasil uji paired sample t-test menunjukkan rata-rata pre-test 14,1600 dan post-test 14,6000, dengan nilai signifikansi 0,240 (p > 0,05), sehingga tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara keduanya.

Menjaga kesehatan reproduksi remaja sangat krusial karena pada periode ini organ genital mereka sudah berfungsi aktif. Prevalensi remaja di dunia pada tahun 2024 menurut data WHO diperkirakan 1,3 miliar orang. Tingginya kasus pernikahan di usia muda terlihat dari presentase wanita yang berusia 10 tahun ke atas yang pernah menikah menurut Data BPS tahun 2021 untuk Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Angka pernikahan pertama untuk kelompok usia di bawah 16 tahun adalah 23,15%, untuk usia 17-18 tahun sebesar 21,18%, dan untuk usia 19-20 tahun mencapai 24,04%. Tujuan kegiatan ini untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang pentingnya kesehatan reproduksi. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di SMPN 1 Konawe Selatan dengan responden sebanyak 25 siswa kelas VIII-A sebagai kelas percontohan. Metode yang digunakan berupa penyuluhan, permainan edukatif "Rangking Satu", serta evaluasi pengetahuan menggunakan kuesioner pre-test dan post-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan pada skor post-test dibandingkan pre-test dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 (p< 0,005).

This article explores the significance of exclusive breastfeeding, child nutrition, and personal hygiene in enhancing maternal and child health. The study aimed to enhance mothers' knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding, child nutrition for ages 0-24 months, and personal hygiene through home visits and leaflet distribution. The program was conducted in 15 households in Mata Wawatu Village, utilizing Pre-Test and Post-Test assessments to evaluate knowledge changes. The findings indicated a notable improvement in mothers' understanding following the educational interventions. Additionally, the appealing leaflet media contributed to raising public awareness.