The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the adaptation for veterinary practitioners of the Self-Care Behaviours Scale designed for clinical psychologists and to assess its relationship with compassion fatigue and burnout. The research was cross-sectional. In total, 438 Latin American veterinarians participated. The results indicated a reliability of the Self-Care Behaviours Scale of .73; a unifactorial solution explained 30.2% of the variance, a second factor added 17.5% to the variance. When evaluating the model with two factors, a factor was identified that refers to personal self-care activities and another referring to professional self-care. The goodness-of-fit indices were adequate in the confirmatory factor analysis. Considering the cut-off points proposed by the authors of the scales, the mean and median of the self-care scale indicate that the person practices self-care behaviours occasionally, while 82.2% showed high compassion fatigue, and 67.1% high burnout. The correlation between burnout and compassion fatigue was significant. The correlations of self-care behaviours with compassion fatigue and burnout were negative and significant. The correlations of personal self-care with compassion fatigue and burnout are stronger than those with professional self-care. It was identified that self-care behaviours are performed more frequently in those who present low or medium values than in those who show high values of compassion fatigue or burnout. It is concluded that the self-care scale presents adequate psychometric properties and that the study of self-care behaviours is relevant to further research on protective factors for burnout and compassion fatigue.

Veterinary professionals are a population susceptible to compassion fatigue. While some risk factors have been identified, few studies have focused on protective factors, which may include self-care behaviors. The objective of this study was to evaluate a structural model to explain compassion fatigue, incorporating self-care behaviors and stressors. A total of 438 Latino veterinarians participated in the study. The main results indicated high levels of compassion fatigue. The final structural model revealed that stressors impacting compassion fatigue included negative interactions between work and home, responsibility burden, emotional demands, and issues with clients. Among self-care behaviors, recreational activities conducted with family or friends had a significant effect on the model, although future studies should confirm their mediating role on the effects of stressors on compassion fatigue. No self-care behavior was identified that mitigated the effects of emotional demands and client-related issues. The study underscores the importance of educating veterinarians about compassion fatigue, enabling them to timely recognize symptoms and seek the necessary support for treatment.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of the pet-owner relationship on the perceived stress and subjective happiness of the owner, using structural equation modeling. A sample of 483 residents of Mexico, men and women, owners of at least one dog participated in this study. Data collection included The Monash Dog Owner Relationship Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Subjective Happiness Scale and some questions regarding the daily dog-owner interaction. Within its primary results, this study showed a higher level of interaction in dyads and adequate relationships according to owners’ perception. The structural model revealed the owner-dog interaction as a predictor of the owner’s perception of their relationship; stressors and the dogowner relationship as predictors of the owner’s perceived stress, and stress on subjective happiness. It is concluded that the benefits of the human-animal bond are mediated by the dogowner relationships’ quality and this relationship is determined by their shared activities.

The purposes were to evaluate the relationship between stress and memory slips in everyday life; to compare scores between generational groups and to identify whether there is a beneficial effect of human-dog or human-cat relationships on memory slips. 640 people from Mexico participated; 368 own dogs, 188 cats, and 84 dogs and cats; 205 Gen Xers, 237 Millennials, and 198 Baby Boomers. The results showed a significant correlation between stress and memory; significant differences among generations for stress, memory slips and human-cat relationship. The Millennials generation had a higher stress score and a lower memory slips score. Generation X presented a better relationship with the cat and with the dog. The human-cat relationship showed negative and significant correlations with memory slips. When dividing by generations, it is identified that the correlation occurs exclusively for the Baby Boomer generation; A structural model confirmed that emotional closeness with the cat and perceived cost explain 31.7% of the variance of memory slips in Baby Boomer generation. The regression weights and the adjustment of the structural model support the idea that the relationship with the cat could have a protective effect on memory for the Baby Boomer generation.

Studies regarding the cat-owner bond are quite rare, and several aspects merit more research, including personality trait differences in cats related to coat color and the cat-owner relationship. The objectives of the study were to describe, from the perspective of their owners, the personality traits of cats based on their coat colors and to evaluate the relationships among the Cat Owner Relationship Scale (CORS), its subscales and the traits of cats. Therefore, the CORS was translated into Spanish, and its psychometric properties were assessed. For the personality traits of cats, participants answered a 7-point Likert scale indicating the extent to which they agreed with the following characteristics in describing their cats: active, aloof, bold, calm, friendly, intolerant, shy, stubborn, tolerant and trainable. 211 cat owners living in Mexico participated. Owners perceived their cats as being bold and friendly. Gray cats had the highest score for being as shy, aloof and intolerant, while orange cats had the highest scores for being trainable, friendly and calm. Tabbies the highest for bold and active, tricolor cats for stubborn, and bicolor cats for tolerant. The 3 CORS subscales had adequate psychometric properties when evaluated separately. Cat-owner interaction was positively correlated with an active and friendly personality and negatively correlated with aloofness. Emotional closeness was positively correlated with an active, bold and friendly personality, and perceived cost was negatively correlated with boldness.

The study of human–animal interactions has increased, focusing on the dog–owner relationship, leaving a lag in research on the cat–owner relationship and practically a total absence of studies that compare the dog–owner relationship with the cat-owner relationship. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to make this comparison based on the perception of people living with both dogs and cats, considering interaction, emotional closeness, and perceived cost of the relationship. A total of 132 residents in Mexico participated. To evaluate the pet–human relationship, the dog and cat versions of the Monash dog owner relationship scale were used, thus obtaining comparable scores for the relationship with dogs and cats. Based on what the owners reported, significant differences were found. Relationships with cats were better than relationships with dogs, a finding that was confirmed when comparing male dogs and cats and when comparing female dogs and cats. It was concluded that relationships with cats are better because the perceived cost of such a relationship is lower. However, emotional closeness is greater with dogs than with cats.

Journal article Title: Stress tolerance and life satisfaction as predictors of the perceived impact of confinement by COVID-19. Mónica Teresa Ramírez González, René Landero Hernández, Lucía Quezada Berumen Ansiedad y Estrés (2021), 27(1), 1-6 https://www.ansiedadyestres.es/sites/default/files/rev/2021/anyes2021a1.pdf ISSN: 1134-7937

La actitud positiva hacia la estadística promueve el estudio y uso de esta disciplina fundamental para analizar datos; de ahí la relevancia de evaluar el nivel actitudinal y desarrollar estrategias que lo potencien. La Escala de Actitud hacia la Estadística (EAE-25) de Auzmendi es uno de los instrumentos más usados en español para medir esta actitud, pero no se ha validado en México, lo que es importante para su uso en este país y para aportar evidencias de validez. Los objetivos del estudio fueron contrastar el modelo propuesto originariamente, comprobar su consistencia interna, describir su distribución, comparar los promedios entre sexos y verificar su validez concurrente. Este estudio instrumental usó un muestreo no probabilístico. Se analizó una muestra de 383 estudiantes de psicología mexicanos (73.6 % mujeres y 26.4 % hombres) que respondieron a dos escalas de actitud. El modelo de cinco factores (confianza, ansiedad, agrado, utilidad y motivación) mostró buen ajuste a los datos. Sus factores presentaron confiabilidad y validez discriminante. La distribución de las puntuaciones en EAE-25 fue normal. La actitud se polarizó, aproximadamente, en cuatro de cada diez estudiantes hacia la aceptación y en uno de cada diez hacia el rechazo. No hubo diferencias de medias entre sexos. La EAE-25 tuvo correlación alta con actitud hacia la investigación y baja con la calificación en la materia de investigación del semestre anterior. Se concluye que la EAE-25 presenta consistencia interna y validez de constructo.

Introduction and objectives: Modern society consists of five generations with differential cultural characteristics, which lead to the assumption of differences in frustration tolerance among them. Frustration tolerance is an essential concept in cognitive-behavioral model. The objective of this research was to compare frustration tolerance among three generations: Baby Boomer, X and Millennials. Material and methods: Participated 909 people; 192 belonging to Baby Boomers generation, 310 to X generation and 407 were Millennials. The Frustration Tolerance Scale was used, it has 4 dimensions: personal, social, labor and family. Scores were not normally distributed, thus nonparametric tests were used. Results: The correlation between age and frustration tolerance is weak, although significant, which is attributed to the sample size (rs = .132; p = .001). The correlations between age and frustration tolerance in each generational group were not significant. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference among three generation when frustration tolerance was compared. Using Mann-Whitney U test an equivalence between Generation X and Millennials was identified. Equivalence of the three generations was found in the family dimension. Significant differences between Baby Boomers generation and each other generation were found in labor, social and personal dimensions. Millennials and Generation X only showed differences in the labor dimension.

Introduction and Objectives: In Mexico, the indication to shelter in place due to COVID-19 began on March 14, 2020. To date, there are few studies on risk factors and protectors of the impact of this confinement. The aim was to evaluate a structural model of the perceived impact in different areas of the person's life due to confinement by COVID-19, including stress tolerance and life satisfaction as predictors. Patients or Materials and Methods: This was a longitudinal paired groups study, seeking to identify the effect of the independent variables with two months between evaluations (evaluation 1: stress tolerance and life satisfaction) on the dependent one (evaluation 2: impact). Were included 158 people with mean age of 31.8 years (SD = 11.1), 65.2% women. Results: The structural model confirms the effect of stress tolerance and life satisfaction on the perceived impact of confinement in the areas of emotional well-being, physical condition, health, happiness and tranquility. Conclusions: It is concluded that stress tolerance and life satisfaction can be protectors of the impact of confinement in those areas in which the person can modify their behavior or thoughts.

Los objetivos del estudio fueron determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Actitudes hacia la Estadística en México. En este estudio instrumental, se analizó una muestra no probabilística de 383 estudiantes de psicología mexicanos que respondieron a dos escalas actitudinales. El modelo bifactor definido por un factor general y tres factores específicos (seguridad, agrado-utilidad y motivación) mostró las mejores propiedades de ajuste a los datos y de validez convergente en sus modelos de medida. La actitud promedio fue neutra y más positiva en hombres que en mujeres. El factor general de actitud hacia la estadística tuvo correlación alta con actitud hacia la investigación. Se concluye el bifactor de tres factores representa mejor la relación entre los ítems que el modelo original de cinco factores correlacionados.

The positive attitude towards statistics promotes the study and use of this fundamental discipline to analyze data, hence the relevance of evaluating the attitudinal level and developing strategies that promote a positive attitude. The Auzmendi's Scale of Attitude towards Statistics (EAE-25) is one of the most used instruments in Spanish language to assess this attitude; however, it has not been validated in Mexico, which is important for its use in this country and to provide evidence of validity. The objectives of the study were to test the originally proposed model, to verify its reliability, to describe its distribution, to compare the averages between both sexes, and to verify its concurrent validity.A non-probabilistic sampling was used in this instrumental study. A sample of 383 Mexican psychology students was analyzed (73.6 % women and 26.4 % men). The EAE-25 and a scale assessing attitude towards research were applied. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the Auzmendi's five-factor model. The parameter estimation was performed by unweighted least squares, using polychoric correlation matrix. The internal consistency was estimated by the McDonald's omega coefficient (omega), the convergent validity by the average variance extracted (AVE), and the discriminant validity by the heterotrait-monotrait ratio of correlations (HTMT). The mean differences between both sexes were tested through the t-test and concurrent validity through Pearson's correlation coefficients.The model of five correlated factors (confidence, anxiety, pleasure, usefulness, and motivation) showed good fit (chi(2)/df = 1.79, GFI = .98, AGFI = .97, NFI = .97, CFI = .99, RMSEA = .04, and SRMR = .07). The five factors showed reliability (omega > .80 in confidence, anxiety, pleasure, and usefulness, and omega = .72 in motivation) and discriminant validity (HTMT < .85 in nine out of ten factor pairs, and < .90 in the pair of the anxiety and confidence factors). The values of AVE were higher than .50 in the factors of confidence, anxiety and pleasure, which shows convergent validity in these three factors. A value of AVE very close to .50 in utility (AVE = .49) was compensated by an omega coefficient of .82, which suggests an acceptable convergent validity. However, the value of AVE was lower than .50 in motivation (AVE = .34).The EAE-25 and its factors presented normal distribution, with the exception of the motivation factor. The scores in the scale and its factors were obtained through the quotient between the sum of the items scored in the sense of acceptance attitude and the number of items added. These scores were interpreted in an absolute sense, by dividing the continuum from 1 to 5 into five intervals in correspondence with the five ordered categories of response to the items: [1, 1.8) y [1.8, 2.6) rejection, [2.6, 3.4) neutral, and [3.4, 4.2) y [4.2, 5] acceptance. The average attitude was positive in confidence (M = 3.53) and utility (M = 3.52), and neutral in the EAE-25 total score and its other three factors. The EAE-25 total scores were polarized towards acceptance in approximately four out of ten students and towards the rejected in approximately one out of ten; in the rest, they were neutral. There were no differences of means between both sexes.The EAE-25 total score had a high correlation with the total score in the scale of attitude towards research (r = .52, p < .001) and low with the qualification in the research subject of the previous semester (r = .13, p < .001).It is concluded that EAE-25 presents internal consistency and construct validity. It is suggested to use this scale in applied research in the field of university education and upper secondary education.

Introduction and objectives: Modern society consists of five generations with differential cultural characteristics, which lead to the assumption of differences in frustration tolerance among them. Frustration tolerance is an essential concept in cognitive-behavioral model. The objective of this research was to compare frustration tolerance among three generations: Baby Boomer, X and Millennials. Material and methods: Participated 909 people; 192 belonging to Baby Boomers generation, 310 to X generation and 407 were Millennials. The Frustration Tolerance Scale was used, it has 4 dimensions: personal, social, labor and family. Scores were not normally distributed, thus nonparametric tests were used. Results: The correlation between age and frustration tolerance is weak, although significant, which is attributed to the sample size (rs = .132; p = .001). The correlations between age and frustration tolerance in each generational group were not significant. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference among three generation when frustration tolerance was compared. Using Mann-Whitney U test an equivalence between Generation X and Millennials was identified. Equivalence of the three generations was found in the family dimension. Significant differences between Baby Boomers generation and each other generation were found in labor, social and personal dimensions. Millennials and Generation X only showed differences in the labor dimension. Conclusions: The Baby Boomers generation shows the highest frustration tolerance and Millennials generation the least frustration tolerance, especially in the labor dimension.

The objectives of the study were to determine the psychometric properties of the Scale of Attitudes towards Statistics in Mexico. In this instrumental study, a non-probabilistic sample of 383 Mexican psychology students who responded to two attitude scales was analyzed. The bifactor model with three specific factors (safety, pleasure-usefulness, and motivation) showed the best properties of fit and convergent validity. The average attitude was neutral and more positive in men than in women. The general factor had a high correlation with attitude towards research. It is concluded that the three-factor bifactor model represents the relationship between the items better than die original five-factor model.

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between marital satisfaction, measured by the Relationship Assessment Scale, and the perceived impact of confinement due to COVID-19 in different areas of people’s lives, in a Mexican sample. Method: 101 people living as a couple, with an average age of 41.2 years (SD = 10.7), 54.5% women, and 45.5% of men were evaluated. Results: The main result was a negative and significant correlation that indicates that the greater the satisfaction in the relationship, the less impact of confinement in the areas of tranquility, happiness, health, physical condition, and emotional well-being. Conclusion: The people with higher marital satisfaction will perceive less impact during the contingency by COVID-19 in the different areas of the person's life.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries have implemented prevention and care measures, among which voluntary confinement stands out. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychological impact of the contingency response due to COVID-19 in Mexico, considering time and level of confinement, participation in pleasurable activities during confinement, and responses derived from the economic recovery plan of the government. The study had a longitudinal design with two evaluations involving 158 people from 17 to 76 years of age who answered the questionnaires within 9 weeks. People with high confinement levels showed significant differences in positive affect, stress, and depression; people with low confinement levels and those who continued to work showed greater affection. Those who reported not having participated in pleasant activities during their confinement showed low results, and those who reported having been more worried about the economic recovery plan had a higher score in worry and a lower score in life satisfaction. It can be concluded that although psychological support interventions should focus on people in confinement, greater efforts that contribute to improving quality of life and well-being should be directed to those who work during public health contingency responses.

The aim of this research was to validate the Scale of Attitude towards Research (SAR). A snowball sampling was used. A sample of 392 psychology students, 74.2% women and 25.8% men, from a public university in north-eastern Mexico was collected. The exploratory factor anal-ysis yielded a structure of three factors: affective-behavior-al factor of positively codified items, phrased in the sense of acceptance (ordinal α = .90), cognitive factor (ordinal α = .89), and behavioral-affective factor of negatively codified items, phrased in the sense of rejection (ordinal α = .87). The model had a good fit (NFI = .95, RFI = .95, RMSEA = .02, and SRMR = .07) and the three factors showed con-vergent validity (AVE > .50 and ω > .80) and discriminant validity (r2F1,F2 < AVEF1 y AVEF2). The average attitude was favorable towards research, with no difference between women and men, except for a greater average in the af-fective-behavioral factor of positive-codified items among men. The highest average on the scale among students who plan to pursue the research area and the positive correlation between the scale and the marks in a research related sub-ject provided evidence of construct validity. We concluded that the scale shows internal consistency and construct va-lidity.

Introduction and objectives: Distress tolerance is defined as the ability to experience and resist negative psychological states. Recently it has been studied in relation to different psychopathological aspects, but not enough in relation to other non-clinical variables, including age. This research arises due to the growing interest in including distress tolerance in clinical research and the scarcity of studies in Spanish in this regard. The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Distress Tolerance Scale in a Mexican sample; and to assess their relationship with perceived stress and compare their scores by age groups. Materials and methods: The study consists of 2 convenience samples, the first of 225 people, with an average age of 34.1 years ( SD = 13.9), 71.6% women and 28.4% men. Sample 2 is composed of 384 university students, with an average age of 19.4 years (SD = 3.1) 73.2% women and 26.8% men. Results: We found adequate values of reliability in both samples. The 4 factor structure with a second order structure was confirmed. The correlations between most of the distress tolerance subscales were significant in both samples, as well as the negative correlation between perceived stress and distress tolerance. The scores were equivalent among the different age groups. Conclusions: It is concluded that this is a scale with adequate psychometric properties and that the Spanish version is suitable to be used in the Mexican population and possibly in the Latin population. (C) 2019 Sociedad Espanola para el Estudio de la Ansiedad y el Estres - SEAS. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

ResumenLa interacción con los animales de compañía ha resultado efectiva en la reducción de síntomas estrés postraumático, e depresión y ansiedad, consecuentes a la vivencia de un evento traumático; aunque las investigaciones sobre aspectos positivos diferenciales entre personas con y sin animales de compañía han mostrado resultados heterogéneos. Es así que el objetivo del estudio fue comparar los niveles de felicidad subjetiva entre personas con y sin animales de compañía, quienes habían enfrentado un suceso traumático en algún momento de los últimos tres años. Participaron 98 personas residentes en México, 49 tenían perro o gato cuando sucedió el evento y 49 no tenían. Su edad promedio fue 31.4 años (D.E. = 9.3), 65.3 % mujeres y 34.7 % hombres. El principal resultado indica que quienes tenían animales de compañía al momento del evento se consideran actualmente más felices que quienes no tenían. Asimismo, se encontró una correlación positiva y significativa entre felicidad y la percepción de la gente sobre la relación con el animal de compañía. Se concluye que los animales de compañía pueden ayudar a la gente a lograr un crecimiento personal posterior a un evento traumático o estresante.AbstractThe interaction with companion animals has been effective in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from the experience of a traumatic event; although research about differences in positive aspects between pet owners and non-pet owners have shown heterogeneous results. Thus, the objective of the study was to compare subjective happiness perceived between pet owners and non-owners, who had lived a traumatic event at some point in the last three years. Ninety-eight people residing in Mexico, recruited through a non-probabilistic sampling, participated. Half of them had dogs or cats when the event happened and 49 did not have it. Age mean was 31.4 years (SD = 9.3), 65.3 % women and 34.7 % men. The main result indicates that those who had companion animals at the time of the event are currently considered themselves happier than those who did not. Likewise, a positive and significant correlation was found between happiness and people's perception of the relationship with the companion animal. It is concluded that companion animals could help people achieve personal growth after a traumatic or stressful event.

The interaction with companion animals has been effective in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder resulting from the experience of a traumatic event; although research about differences in positive aspects between pet owners and non-pet owners have shown heterogeneous results. Thus, the objective of the study was to compare subjective happiness perceived between pet owners and non-owners, who had lived a traumatic event at some point in the last three years. Ninety-eight people residing in Mexico, recruited through a non-probabilistic sampling, participated. Half of them had dogs or cats when the event happened and 49 did not have it. Age mean was 31.4 years (SD = 9.3), 65.3 % women and 34.7 % men. The main result indicates that those who had companion animals at the time of the event are currently considered themselves happier than those who did not. Likewise, a positive and significant correlation was found between happiness and people's perception of the relationship with the companion animal. It is concluded that companion animals could help people achieve personal growth after a traumatic or stressful event.