Objective:To describe a pedicle-probing technique for determining safe implant corridors at the seventh lumbar vertebra (L7)-first sacral vertebra (S1) in cats and evaluate the feasibility, safety, positioning, and trajectory of drill tracts created with this technique. Methods:CT of lumbosacral spine was performed in 13 feline cadavers to determine safe pedicle corridors. Using the pedicle-probing technique, drill tracts were created in the pedicles of L7 and S1 with a blunt probe followed by a drill bit. Postoperative grading of pedicle drill tracts for canal breach was performed on CT using a 4-point classification. Drill tract positioning, trajectory, and proximity to ventral S1 foramina were also evaluated. Results:At L7, 20 of 26 drill tracts (76.9%) were fully contained within the pedicle, 3 (11.5%) had > 50% of their diameter within the pedicle, 1 (3.8%) had < 50% of its diameter within the pedicle, and 2 (7.7%) were fully within the vertebral canal. At S1, 24 drill tracts (92.3%) were fully contained within the pedicle, and 2 (7.7%) had > 50% of their diameter within the pedicle. Conclusions:The pedicle-probing technique was associated with a high rate of vertebral canal breach at L7, whereas a greater proportion of drill tracts at S1 were fully contained within the pedicles. Clinical Relevance:The pedicle-probing technique can facilitate safe implant corridors at L7-S1 in cats; however, a high rate of breaches at L7 and variations in drill tract positioning and trajectory emphasize technical difficulty.

Objective To describe the development of neurologic signs progressing to seizures in 2 dogs and 1 cat with unoperated single congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSSs) after general anesthesia for non-shunt-related surgery and no intraoperative shunt manipulation. Animals 2 dogs (dog 1 [a 5-year-old 7.1-kg castrated male Bichon Frise] and dog 2 [a 10-year-old 7.3-kg castrated male Bichon Frise]) and 1 cat (cat 1 [a 2-year-old 3.8-kg castrated male Ragdoll]). Clinical Presentation Medical records from the University College Dublin Veterinary Hospital and Royal Veterinary College Queen Mother Animal Hospital were searched for dogs and cats with unoperated CPSSs that developed neurologic signs progressing to seizures after general anesthesia for non-shunt-related surgery between January 1, 2015, and June 31, 2024. Results 3 animals were identified. Dogs 1and 2 both underwent cholecystectomy, whereas cat 1 underwent jejunal enterec-tomy. None had known preoperative seizures, although both dogs had experienced prolonged anesthetic recovery after previous surgery and the cat had a 3-day history of ataxia, walking into walls, and generalized weakness. All 3 animals developed severe neurologic signs including seizures within 48 hours postoperatively. Both dogs were euthanized before hospital discharge: dog 1 for suspected aspiration pneumonia coupled with severe neurologic signs and dog 2 for refractory neurologic signs. Cat 1 survived to hospital discharge and underwent 2 subsequent CPSS attenuation surgeries. Clinical Relevance Postanesthetic neurologic signs can occur in animals with CPSSs without intraoperative shunt manipulation. This possible complication should be discussed with owners of animals with unoperated CPSSs that require general anesthesia for non-shunt-related surgery.

OBJECTIVE:To report 30-day survival of cats that experienced postattenuation neurologic signs (PANS) after surgical attenuation of a single congenital portosystemic shunt (cPSS), and to investigate prognostic factors for short-term survival. STUDY DESIGN:Multi-institutional retrospective study. SAMPLE POPULATION:A total of 59 cats with cPSS that experienced PANS. METHODS:The medical records of 10 institutions were retrospectively reviewed to identify cats that underwent cPSS attenuation from January 1, 2010 through June 30, 2023 and developed PANS within 7 days postoperatively. Exclusion criteria were cats with arteriovenous malformation and cats lost-to-follow-up prior to 30 days. Logistic regression identified factors associated with 30-day survival. Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% CIs were calculated. RESULTS:A total of 46 (78.0%) PANS-affected cats survived to 30 days. A total of 13 (50.0%) of 26 cats that experienced postattenuation seizures (PAS) survived to 30 days, with most non-surviving cats experiencing generalized PAS. Cats that experienced PAS (p < .01, OR: 0.015, 95% CI: <0.001-0.281) and treatment of PANS with propofol (p < .01, OR: 0.112, 95% CI: 0.022-0.569) were associated with decreased odds of 30-day survival. CONCLUSION:Most cats that experienced PANS survived to 30 days; however, short-term survival rate was worse for cats that experienced PAS. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:The prognosis for cats that experience PANS is generally good but experiencing PAS and requiring treatment with propofol are negative prognostic factors.

An 8-month-old male, entire Cocker Spaniel dog was referred for investigation of severe right pelvic limb lameness. Previous history included a diagnosis of hemophilia A. On CT, a large, heterogeneous, rim-enhancing soft tissue mass was affecting the right thigh. Given the severe lameness and pain, surgical resection was performed. The dog recovered uneventfully, returning to full limb function within 8 weeks. A chronic organized hematoma was confirmed histologically, resembling a hemophilic pseudotumor described in humans. This case describes the imaging findings, treatment, and outcome of an atypical presentation of a muscular hemophilic pseudotumor in a dog.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the rate of residual polystomatic sublingual acinar tissue if tunneling dorsal to the digastricus muscle and dissection to the sublingual caruncle is not performed during mandibular-sublingual sialadenectomy in cats. STUDY DESIGN:Cadaveric study. SAMPLE POPULATION:A total of 10 feline cadavers. METHODS:Mandibular-sublingual sialadenectomy was performed bilaterally in 10 feline cadavers using a ventral or ventrolateral approach in a randomized fashion. Salivary ducts were dissected as far rostral as possible with retraction of the masseter and digastricus muscles until they traveled dorsal to the digastricus muscle, where a ligature was applied. The position of the lingual nerve was identified. Following tunneling, dissection continued rostrally to the sublingual oral mucosa, where ducts were excised. Histology of dissected tissue rostral to the ligature was performed. RESULTS:Histology identified evidence of salivary acinar tissue in 13/19 (68.4%) specimens - 7/10 (70.0%) of specimens obtained with the ventral approach and 6/9 (66.7%) of those obtained with the ventrolateral approach (p > .99). In all cases, the lingual nerve was identified with retraction of the masseter and digastricus muscles without tunneling. CONCLUSION:Tunneling dorsal to the digastricus muscle exposed additional polystomatic salivary acinar tissue in most cases. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:Tunneling dorsal to the digastricus via a ventral or ventrolateral approach may decrease the rate of polystomatic sublingual acinar tissue being left in situ in clinical cases.

AbstractA 10-month-old, 4 kg, Bichon Frise cross was referred for surgical stabilization of a highly comminuted L6 vertebral fracture after a road traffic accident. Nonambulatory paraparesis was present, with weak voluntary motor function in both pelvic limbs. Computed tomography (CT) of T6 to Cd1 identified a highly comminuted fracture of vertebral body and cranial endplate of L6 with severe narrowing of vertebral canal. A left-sided L6 pediculectomy was performed. The cauda equina was mildly bruised. Smaller bone fragments were removed, whereas larger bone fragments were depressed ventrally. Two 1.5-mm cortical screws were inserted into pedicles of L7 and a further two 2.0-mm screws into L5 vertebral body using the pedicle-probing technique. Following exposure of underlying cancellous bone, a smartphone digital goniometer, held by a nonsterile assistant, was used to guide advancement of a blunted Kirschner wire acting as a probe according to preoperative CT-determined safe angles. Postoperative CT identified excellent vertebral column alignment with improvement in spinal cord compression and optimal placement of implants at L5 and L7 (grade 1 modified Zdichavsky). Repeat CT at 3 months postoperatively identified well-seated implants. This report highlights that use of a smartphone goniometer may be a useful adjunct to the freehand pedicle-probing technique to guide correct trajectory of the probe and may also have application in other regions of the spine.

Purpose (the aim of the study): Ligaments are short bands of fibrous connective tissue responsible for transmitting load from bone to bone across joints and guiding normal joint motion. Cruciate ligaments within the human knee joint, particularly the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), are susceptible to degeneration, resulting in pain, reduced mobility and development of the degenerative joint disease of osteoarthritis (OA). There is currently a paucity of knowledge on why certain individuals are at high risk to non-contact ACL degeneration, which will eventually lead to OA.The dog is a naturally-occurring spontaneous model of non-contact ACL degeneration, with certain dog breeds such as the Labrador retriever being at a high-risk of ligament injury.

Spinal stabilization in dogs is challenging, and improper implant placement can result in significant morbidity. Objectives were to evaluate reliability of a ball-tipped probe for detection of breached versus non-breached pedicle drill tracts in a canine large breed cadaveric model. CT scans obtained from T6 to sacrum. Fifty-six pedicles (T7-L7) were randomized to have 1 of 5 modified Zdichavsky drill tracts (non-breached, partial/full medial breach, partial/full lateral breach). All tracts were created using 3D-printed guides. Each pedicle was probed separately by 2 investigators in randomized fashion on 2 occasions, 2 weeks apart. Post-probing CT grading of tracts was performed by one investigator, blinded to probing results. Specificity, sensitivity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values and times to assign grade were compared between surgeons. CT identified 43 non-breached tracts, 7 medial and 5 lateral breaches. One tract was excluded because of guide misplacement. Specificity was 90.1

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of endoscopic inspection of thoracolumbar and lumbar pedicle tracts in a canine large- breed model and its accuracy for the detection of breached versus nonbreached tracts. ANIMALS 2 greyhound cadavers. METHODS CT scans of 2 greyhound cadavers from the sixth thoracic vertebra to the sacrum were obtained. Fifty-six pedicles were randomized to have drill tracts with different modified Zdichavsky grades (nonbreached, partial/full medial breach, or partial/full lateral breach) using 3-D-printed guides. Endoscopy was performed on a single occasion from October 9 to 10, 2023, using a 1.9-mm 0-degree needle arthroscope in a randomized blinded fashion. The grading of drill tracts was performed on postoperative CT. Specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values, and time to assign endoscopic grade were investigated. RESULTS Postoperative CT confirmed 43 nonbreached tracts, 7 medial breaches (partial/full), and 5 lateral breaches (partial/ full). One tract was excluded because of guide misplacement. Intraosseous endoscopy was successfully performed in the remaining 55 drill tracts. Sensitivity to detect medial and lateral breaches was 71.4% and 60.0%. Negative predictive value was 93.1%. Specificity was 94.2%. Positive predictive value for detection of medial and lateral breaches was 83.3% and 54.5%. Median (range) time to assign an endoscopic grade was 118 (30 to 486) seconds. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Intraosseous endoscopy of pedicle drill tracts may be a useful adjunct technique during pedicle screw/pin place-- ment in dogs.

OBJECTIVE:To compare pin placement accuracy, intraoperative technique deviations, and duration of pin placement for pins placed by free-hand probing (FHP) or 3D-printed drill guide (3DPG) technique.SAMPLE POPULATION:Four greyhound cadavers.METHODS:Computed tomography (CT) examinations from T6-sacrum were obtained for determination of optimal pin placement and 3DPG creation. Two 3.2/2.4-mm positive profile pins were inserted per vertebra, one left and one right from T7-L7 (FHP [n = 56]; 3DPG [n = 56]) by one surgeon and removed for repeat CT. Duration of pin placement and intraoperative deviations (unanticipated deviations from planned technique) were recorded. Pin tracts were graded by two blinded observers using modified Zdichavsky classification. Descriptive statistics were used.RESULTS:A total of 54/56 pins placed with 3DPGs were assigned grade I (optimal placement) compared with 49/56 pins using the FHP technique. A total of 2/56 pins placed with 3DPGs and 3/56 pins using the FHP technique were assigned grade IIa (partial medial violation). A total of 4/56 pins placed using the FHP technique were assigned grade IIIa (partial lateral violation). No pins were assigned grade IIb (full medial violation). Intraoperative technique deviations occurred with 6/56 pins placed using the FHP technique and no pins with 3DPGs. Overall, pins were placed faster (mean ± SD 2.6 [1.3] vs. 4.5 [1.8] min) with 3DPGs.CONCLUSIONS:Both techniques were accurate for placement of spinal fixation pins. The 3DPG technique may decrease intraoperative deviations and duration of pin placement.CLINICAL RELEVANCE:Both techniques allow accurate pin placement in the canine thoracolumbar spine. The FHP technique requires specific training and has learning curve, whereas 3DPG technique requires specific software and 3D printers.

OBJECTIVE To describe arthroscopic-assisted hip toggle stabilization (AA-HTS) in cats, evaluate its feasibility and associated rate of iatrogenic injury, and assess deviations from planned surgical technique. STUDY DESIGN Ex vivo study. ANIMALS Skeletally mature cat cadavers (n = 7). METHODS Preoperative pelvic computed tomography (CT) was performed for surgical planning and to identify the ideal femoral bone tunnel projection. Ultrasound-guided transection of ligament of head of femur was performed. Following exploratory arthroscopy, AA-HTS was performed using a commercially available aiming device. Surgical time, intraoperative complications, and feasibility of technique were recorded. Iatrogenic injury and technique deviations were assessed by postoperative CT and gross dissection. RESULTS Diagnostic arthroscopy and AA-HTS were successfully performed in all 14 joints. Median (range) surgical time was 46.5 (29-144) min, including 7 (3-12) min for diagnostic arthroscopy and 40 (26-134) min for AA-HTS. Intraoperative complications occurred in 5 hips, related to bone tunnel creation (4) and toggle dislodgment (1). Toggle passage through the femoral tunnel was the most challenging component of technique, recorded as mildly difficult in 6 joints. No damage to periarticular/intrapelvic structures was identified. Minor articular cartilage damage (<10% total cartilage area) was identified in 10 joints. Thirteen deviations (8 major, 5 minor) in surgical technique from preoperative planning were identified in 7 joints. CONCLUSION In feline cadavers AA-HTS was feasible but was associated with a high rate of minor cartilage injury, intraoperative complications, and technique deviations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Hip toggle stabilization using an arthroscopic-assisted approach may be an effective technique for management of coxofemoral luxation in cats.

Development of postattenuation neurological signs (PANS) is a potentially severe complication after surgical attenuation of congenital portosystemic shunts in cats. This review summarizes findings of 15 publications that report occurrence of PANS in cats. PANS includes seizures but also milder neurologic signs such as blindness, ataxia, abnormal behavior, tremors, and twitching. Incidence of PANS and specifically postattenuation seizures in studies including a minimum of five cats ranges from 14.3% to 62.0% and 0% to 32.0%, respectively. Etiology of PANS in cats is unknown, however, several hypotheses have been proposed including central nervous system disease/derangement, perioperative hypoglycemia and electrolyte disturbances, and postoperative portal hypertension. A number of possible risk factors have been identified including lower grades of intraoperative postocclusion mesenteric portovenography and osmolality at 24 h postoperatively. Evidence for use of prophylactic antiepileptics such as levetiracetam to prevent or reduce incidence of PANS in cats is limited and does not support their use. Because the cause is unknown, treatment is aimed at controlling neurologic signs, preventing progression to more severe signs, and providing general supportive care. Prospective studies comparing the efficacy of different antiepileptics for treatment of PANS in cats are required. Prognosis for recovery is variable and dependent on severity of neurologic signs. For cats surviving to discharge, long-term survival is possible but persistence or recurrence of neurologic signs in the long-term is not uncommon.

A 13-yr-old Shih tzu was referred for surgical management of right-sided cranial abdominal mass, which corresponded to large, cavitated renal mass on ultrasonography, and was suspected to represent neoplasia. Intraoperative impression smear cytology (ISC) of the renal mass wall was consistent with benign renal cyst (RC), without evidence of neoplasia or infection. Deroofing and omentalisation were performed and histopathology was consistent with benign RC. Chronic kidney disease was diagnosed 4 mon postoperatively, however, the dog was asymptomatic, without cyst reoccurrence. Intraoperative ISC is an expedient and inexpensive diagnostic technique that can guide most appropriate treatment in dogs with large RCs.

The recent interest in advanced biologic therapies in veterinary medicine has opened up opportunities for new treatment modalities with considerable clinical potential. Studies with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from animal species have focused on in vitro characterization (mostly following protocols developed for human application), experimental testing in controlled studies and clinical use in veterinary patients. The ability of MSCs to interact with the inflammatory environment through immunomodulatory and paracrine mechanisms makes them a good candidate for treatment of inflammatory musculoskeletal conditions in canine species. Analysis of existing data shows promising results in the treatment of canine hip dysplasia, osteoarthritis and rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in both sport and companion animals. Despite the absence of clear regulatory frameworks for veterinary advanced therapy medicinal products, there has been an increase in the number of commercial cell-based products that are available for clinical applications, and currently the commercial use of veterinary MSC products has outpaced basic research on characterization of the cell product. In the absence of quality standards for MSCs for use in canine patients, their safety, clinical efficacy and production standards are uncertain, leading to a risk of poor product consistency. To deliver high-quality MSC products for veterinary use in the future, there are critical issues that need to be addressed. By translating standards and strategies applied in human MSC manufacturing to products for veterinary use, in a collaborative effort between stem cell scientists and veterinary researchers and surgeons, we hope to facilitate the development of quality standards. We point out critical issues that need to be addressed, including a much higher level of attention to cell characterization, manufacturing standards and release criteria. We provide a set of recommendations that will contribute to the standardization of cell manufacturing methods and better quality assurance.

Abstract Background Canine intrarenal cystic lesions (ICLs) are infrequently reported in the veterinary literature. Several treatment options have been described including cyst fenestration (partial nephrectomy/deroofing) +/− omentalization, sclerotherapy using alcohol as a sclerosing agent, percutaneous cyst drainage (PCD), and ureteronephrectomy. Information regarding presenting clinical signs, physical examination findings, histologic diagnosis and outcomes of dogs with ICLs treated by different methods is limited. Medical records of 11 institutions were retrospectively reviewed to identify dogs that underwent PCD, sclerotherapy, surgical deroofing +/− omentalization, or ureteronephrectomy for management of ICLs from 2004 to 2021. Six weeks postoperative/post-procedural follow-up was required. Cases suspected to represent malignancy on preoperative imaging were excluded. The study objective was to provide information regarding perioperative characteristics, complications, and outcomes of dogs undergoing treatment of ICLs. Results Eighteen dogs were included, with 24 ICLs treated. Ten had bilateral. There were 15 males and 3 females, with crossbreeds predominating. PCD, sclerotherapy, deroofing and ureteronephrectomy were performed in 5 (5 ICLs treated), 7 (11 ICLs), 6 (6), and 7 (7) dogs, respectively, with 5 dogs undergoing > 1 treatment. Seven dogs experienced 8 complications, with requirement for additional intervention commonest. PCD, sclerotherapy and deroofing resulted in ICL resolution in 0/5, 3/11 and 3/6 treated ICLs, respectively. Histopathology identified renal cysts (RCs) in 7/13 dogs with histopathology available and neoplasia in 6/13 (4 malignant, 2 benign). Of 5 dogs diagnosed histopathologically with neoplasia, cytology of cystic fluid failed to identify neoplastic cells. Among 7 dogs with histologically confirmed RCs, 4 had concurrent ICLs in ipsilateral/contralateral kidney, compared with 2/6 dogs with histologically confirmed neoplasia. Conclusions Benign and neoplastic ICLs were approximately equally common and cystic fluid cytology failed to differentiate the 2. Among renal-sparing treatments, deroofing most commonly resulted in ICL resolution. Presence of concurrent ICLs in ipsilateral/contralateral kidney does not appear reliable in differentiating benign from malignant ICLs.

Objective To determine and compare median sternotomy (MS) closure-related complication rates using orthopedic wire or suture in dogs. Study design Multi-institutional, retrospective observational study with treatment effect analysis. Animals 331 client-owned dogs, of which 68 were excluded. Methods Medical records of dogs with MS were examined across nine referral centers (2004-2020). Signalment, weight, clinical presentation, surgical details, complications, and outcomes were recorded. Follow-up was performed using patient records and email/telephone contact. Descriptive statistics, treatment effect analysis and logistic regression were performed. Results Median sternotomy closure was performed with wire in 115 dogs and suture in 148. Thirty-seven dogs experienced closure-related complications (14.1%), 20 in the wire group and 17 in the suture group. Twenty-three were listed as mild, four as moderate and 10 as severe. Treatment effect analysis showed a mean of 2.3% reduction in closure-related complications associated with using suture versus wire (95% CI: -9.1% to +4.5%). In multivariable logistic regression, the only factor associated with increased risk of closure-related complications was dog size (p = .01). This effect was not modified by the type of closure used (interaction term: OR = 0.99 [95% CI: 0.96/1.01]). Conclusion The incidence of closure-related complication after MS was low compared to previous reports. The likelihood of developing a closure-related complication was equivalent between sutures and wires, independent of dog size, despite a higher proportion of complications seen in larger dogs (>= 20 kg). Clinical significance Use of either orthopedic wire or suture appear to be an appropriate closure method for sternotomy in dogs of any size.

OBJECTIVE:To determine survival time and quality of life of dogs that developed postattenuation neurologic signs (PANS) after surgical treatment of a single congenital portosystemic shunt and survived at least 30 days and identify whether neurologic signs present at the time of discharge would resolve or reoccur.ANIMALS:50 client-owned dogs.PROCEDURES:Medical records were retrospectively reviewed, and follow-up data relating to neurologic signs and seizure activity were obtained. Owners were asked to complete a questionnaire related to the presence of neurologic signs, including seizures, and their dog's quality of life.RESULTS:Thirty of the 50 (60%) dogs had postattenuation seizures with or without other nonseizure neurologic signs, and 20 (40%) had neurologic signs other than seizures. Neurologic signs had fully resolved by the time of discharge in 24 (48%) dogs. Signs resolved in 18 of the remaining 26 (69%) dogs that still had PANS other than seizures at the time of discharge. Seizures reoccurred in 15 of the 30 dogs that had postattenuation seizures. Twenty-seven of 33 (82%) owners graded their dog's long-term (> 30 days after surgery) quality-of-life as high. Forty-five (90%) dogs survived > 6 months. Most (29/43 [67%]) neurologic signs (other than seizures) present at the time of hospital discharge resolved.CLINICAL RELEVANCE:Findings highlighted that survival times of > 6 months and a high QOL can be achieved in most dogs with PANS that survive at least 30 days. Most neurologic signs other than seizures resolved within 1 month postoperatively. Half of the dogs with postattenuation seizures had a reoccurrence.

OBJECTIVE:To identify complications associated with and short- and long-term outcomes of surgical intervention for treatment of esophageal foreign bodies (EFBs) in dogs.ANIMALS:63 client-owned dogs.PROCEDURES:Patient records from 9 veterinary hospitals were reviewed to identify dogs that underwent surgery for removal of an EFB or treatment or an associated esophageal perforation between 2007 and 2019. Long-term follow-up data were obtained via a client questionnaire.RESULTS:54 of the 63 (85.7%) dogs underwent surgery after an unsuccessful minimally invasive procedure or subsequent evidence of esophageal perforation was identified. Esophageal perforation was present at the time of surgery in 42 (66.7%) dogs. Most dogs underwent a left intercostal thoracotomy (37/63 [58.7%]). Intraoperative complications occurred in 18 (28.6%) dogs, and 28 (50%) dogs had a postoperative complication. Postoperative complications were minor in 14 of the 28 (50%) dogs. Dehiscence of the esophagotomy occurred in 3 dogs. Forty-seven (74.6%) dogs survived to discharge. Presence of esophageal perforation preoperatively, undergoing a thoracotomy, and whether a gastrostomy tube was placed were significantly associated with not surviving to discharge. Follow-up information was available for 38 of 47 dogs (80.9%; mean follow-up time, 46.5 months). Infrequent vomiting or regurgitation was reported by 5 of 20 (25%) owners, with 1 dog receiving medication.CLINICAL RELEVANCE:Results suggested that surgical management of EFBs can be associated with a high success rate. Surgery should be considered when an EFB cannot be removed safely with minimally invasive methods or esophageal perforation is present.

AbstractA 4-year-old, 25 kg, male, castrated, crossbreed dog was referred after having been driven over by a trailer 3 days prior. On examination, the dog was unable to ambulate on the pelvic limbs. There was crepitus, soft tissue swelling and pain on manipulation of the tarsi, with bilateral rotational and suspected mild lateral instability. Radiographs identified bilateral talocalcaneal luxation with dorsal displacement of the head of talus and bilateral avulsion fracture of lateral malleolus. A dorsomedial approach to the tarsocrural joint was performed bilaterally and the dorsal luxation of the head of talus was reduced. A 3.5 mm positional cortical screw was placed on both sides from dorsomedial head of talus to plantarolateral distal calcaneus. A temporary calcaneotibial screw was also applied bilaterally. No complications were encountered apart from mild bandage-related dermatitis, and the dog made a complete recovery. No lameness was identified on subjective gait assessment at 14 weeks and 12 months postoperatively; however, mild-to-moderate osteoarthritis affecting the talocalcaneocentral and centrodistal joints was identified at 12 months postoperatively.