Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), caused by Seoul orthohantavirus (SEOV) and Hantaan orthohantavirus (HTNV), remains a neglected rodent-borne zoonosis with persistent residual spillover risk in low-incidence regions of China. This study assessed human HFRS occurrence and small-mammal hantavirus surveillance signals in small-mammal hosts across Zhejiang Province, China, in 2025. Reported human cases were obtained from the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System, and animal host surveillance was conducted at five designated monitoring sites. A total of 107 HFRS cases were reported, occurring year-round with peaks in June and December and showing spatial heterogeneity, presenting a predominance of males, adults aged ≥40 years, and farmers. Animal host surveillance captured 617 small mammals (566 rodents and 51 shrews) from 15,457 valid trap-nights, with Apodemus agrarius (30.31%) and Rattus norvegicus (29.98%) as the dominant species. Sixteen animals were positive for hantavirus RNA and/or antibody, including 12 for hantavirus RNA and 6 antibody-positive animals; two were positive for both markers. Positive animals were detected in multiple species, including Niviventer confucianus, R. norvegicus, Rattus losea, A. agrarius, Suncus murinus, and Rattus tanezumi. Human incidence, small-mammal density, host species composition, and hantavirus-positive rates were not fully concordant across surveillance sites. Our findings reveal sustained cryptic orthohantavirus circulation in low-endemic Zhejiang, highlighting that integrated human-reservoir One Health surveillance is indispensable for precise spillover risk prediction and targeted zoonotic disease intervention.

To clarify the epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis in non-occupational populations in Zhejiang Province during 2018–2024, provide evidence for formulating targeted prevention and control strategies, and respond to the core requirement of “human-animal-environment” collaborative prevention and control under the One Health framework. Data on brucellosis cases among non‑occupational populations in Zhejiang Province were obtained from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Individual case investigations were also carried out for the corresponding cases. After standardized collation and validation, descriptive epidemiological analyses were performed with R 4.3.1 software. A total of 499 non-occupational brucellosis cases were reported in Zhejiang Province during 2018–2024, accounting for 43.96

Long-term exposure to high concentrations of radon has been identified as an important risk factor for lung cancer. The risk of radon exposure in nonuranium mines has been ignored for a long time because of insufficient protective measures and weak health awareness among practitioners. To understand the effects of radon exposure on human health in the microenvironments of underground nonuranium mines and to explore the effects of cumulative radon exposure on the health of miners. The National Occupational Radiation Sickness Surveillance Workbook (Survey of Miners with High Radon Exposure) and an expert consensus on low-dose spiral CT screening for lung cancer were used. A total of 62 miners were selected from underground nonuranium mines. Chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes, micronuclei in lymphocytes, and low-dose CT screening of lung cancer were used as observation indices. There are significant differences in the detection rates of Nodular shadows and Patches and cable strip shadows in miners between an iron ore mines, gold mines and miners in deep nonuranium mines.Combined with monitoring data from nonuranium mines in iron and gold mines, this study reveals that the occupational health status of workers in underground nonuranium mines is at risk of lung cancer caused by radon exposure, and improving mining technology to reduce the deposition of radon and its progeny is the key.

Monkeypox (Mpox), a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), is endemic in parts of Central and West Africa. Since 2022, an outbreak of the Mpox infection emerged in several non-endemic countries, posing a potential threat to human health. The first case in Zhejiang Province was confirmed in Hangzhou City on June 15, 2023. The objective of this study is to delineate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of monkeypox cases in Zhejiang Province in 2023, thereby providing a foundation for prevention and control measures. Data on all the confirmed monkeypox cases were collected to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of monkeypox cases in Zhejiang Province in 2023. The spatial distribution of monkeypox cases was explored by means of ArcGIS software. In 2023, a total of 182 cases of monkeypox were reported in Zhejiang Province, with no deaths. All infections represented autochthonous transmission and reported in 40 counties (districts) of 9 cities, except for Zhoushan and Lishui. All cases were male, with a median age of 29 years. Among them, 177 cases were men who have sexed with men (MSM), including 26 bisexual individuals. 43.96% of the cases had been previously infected with HIV. The five common clinical features of the monkeypox cases were rash or skin lesions, fever, itching, ache and lymphadenopathy. The most common sites of the lesions were the genitals, limbs, torso, face, and mouth. The monkeypox epidemic is in a state of transmission and prevalence in some areas of Zhejiang Province. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain very close surveillance. A significant majority of laboratory-confirmed mpox cases were identified among men who have sex with men (MSM). Tailored interventions, including ‌mpox-specific symptom monitoring‌, health education, must be urgently implemented for MSM populations in high-transmission settings.

Mosquito nuisance and disease transmission have become significant challenges in rural development and tourism. From 2018 to 2021, Matatang village in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, implemented an integrated mosquito control program centered on environmental management and health education. This study evaluated the effectiveness of mosquito control in Matatang village by assessing mosquito abundance, villagers’ knowledge, behaviors, perceptions regarding mosquito control, and satisfaction rates. Mosquito abundance data were collected during the intervention phase (2018) and maintenance phase (2021), including adult and larval mosquito surveillance. Villagers’ knowledge, behaviors, perceptions, and satisfaction were assessed through surveys during the maintenance phase (2021). A significant decline in abundance was observed in all mosquito species between monitoring periods. Surveillance results showed that the mean adult mosquito index in Matatang village was 9.35 ± 9.82 in 2018 and 1.95 ± 1.49 in 2021, compared to 6.45 ± 4.46 in the control village in 2021. The mean larval mosquito index in Matatang village was 36.00 ± 39.19 in 2018 and 9.50 ± 4.11 in 2021, whereas the control village had a mean larval index of 35.50 ± 27.25 in 2021. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in monthly adult and larval mosquito indices between Matatang village and the control village in 2021 (p < 0.05). Survey results indicated significantly higher knowledge levels of basic mosquito-related information among Matatang village residents compared to the control village. Notably, awareness of mosquito breeding sites exceeded 80% in Matatang village, while remaining below 25% in the control village, with this difference demonstrating statistical significance (p < 0.001). Behavioral practices such as eliminating stagnant water, cleaning ditches, and regularly changing water for hydroponic plants were also significantly more prevalent in Matatang village. Moreover, 73.33% of Matatang villagers expressed satisfaction with local mosquito control efforts, compared to only 10.00% in the control village (χ2 = 24.754, p < 0.001). This study demonstrates that an integrated mosquito control model emphasizing environmental management and health education can foster long-term self-management and proactive maintenance among villagers. Such an approach not only sustainably reduces mosquito abundance but also improves rural living conditions, highlighting its critical public health significance.

ABSTRACT:The objective of this paper is to construct a follow-up cohort of medical x-ray workers and analyze the risk estimates of radiation-induced carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic diseases induced by chronic low-dose ionizing radiation exposure in the follow-up cohort. A fixed cohort study was used. A total of 159 medical x-ray workers working in radiology departments of hospitals in Gansu Province from 1950 to 1980 were selected as the radiology group, and 149 medical workers in internal medicine, surgery, and other departments who had not engaged in radiology work at the same hospital were selected as the control group. A fifth follow-up survey was also conducted. Information on personal radiation exposure history, lifestyle and morbidity was collected for 310 medical x-ray workers and the control group. Malignant tumors and noncancerous diseases (cataracts, diabetes, aplastic anemia, hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebral apoplexy, etc.) were used as endpoints to analyze the risk estimates of carcinogenic and noncancerous diseases caused by low-dose radiation. There were 14 patients with malignant tumors, 8 in the radiation group and 6 in the control group (RR=1.25); 11 cases of cataract, radiation group, 8 cases, control group, 3 cases, RR:2.50; 18 patients with diabetes mellitus, 12 in the radiation group and 6 in the control group (RR = 1.87); 25 hypertensive patients, 17 in the radiation group and 8 in the control group (RR = 1.99); 23 patients with CHD, 12 in the radiation group and 11 in the control group (RR = 1.02); and 15 cerebral apoplexy patients, 5 in the radiation group and 10 in the control group (RR=0.47).Compared with the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). The risk factors for CR and noncarcinogenic diseases associated with low-dose radiation were cataracts (RR: 2.50) > hypertension (RR: 1.99) > diabetes (RR: 1.87) > malignancy (RR: 1.25) > CHD (RR: 1.02) > cerebral apoplexy (RR: 1.02). 0.47. Compared with those in the control group, medical x-ray workers had an increased risk of developing malignant tumors and cataracts, which may be related to occupational exposure to chronic low-dose ionizing radiation. Therefore, radiation workers should pay attention to the optimization of protection in radiation work practice. The incidences of hypertension and diabetes are increased, and the incidences of CHD are basically the same; in particular, the incidence of cerebral apoplexy is significantly reduced, indicating that cerebral apoplexy has a certain protective effect on medical x-ray workers.

Objective: To investigate the long-term effects of radiation exposure on health and provide empirical data for radiological research. Methods: The clinical symptoms, lens, cytogenetic, immune function and tumor incidence of 45 people exposed to ionizing radiation in the dose range of 0.02-1.36 Gy were observed. Results: Compared with those of cytogenetic examination, lens opacity and tumor detection, the detection rate of lymphocyte micronuclei in the medical follow-up over-exposure group, interventional radiation group and nuclear medicine group was greater than that in the conventional radiation group, and the detection rate was the highest in the medical follow-up over-exposure group. There was a significant difference between the medical follow-up overexposure group and the interventional radiation group, and the differences among the medical follow-up overexposure group, the interventional radiation group and the conventional radiation group were statistically significant. Conclusions: Excessive exposure has certain effects on lens function, immune function and cytogenetics, and the detection rate increases with increasing dose, reflecting a certain dose-effect relationship. Genetic damage can persist in an infected person, increasing the risk of cancer.

Objective: In order to protect the health of radiation workers, scientific management of radiation workplace protection is implemented, and occupational health risks of radiation workplaces in Gansu Province, China are identified and evaluated through monitoring. Methods: The basic situation of occupational health management of radiological workers in 1366 radiological diagnosis and treatment institutions was investigated, and 596 monitoring hospitals were selected for occupational health monitoring. Using a 2-IN*2-in NaI (Tl) scintillation spectrometer and its supporting software, internal thyroid irradiation monitoring was performed. Fifty-one underground workers in a deep mine iron mine were selected to monitor the effect of high radon exposure. Results: 11 (6%) monitored hospital interventional radiology staff detected lead outside the aprons between 5 mSv and 20 mSv during a single monitoring period; In nuclear medicine, radiation monitoring in the thyroid detected 3(15%) people with doses between 5 mSv and 20msv.The chromosome aberration rate and Detection rate of posterior pole subcapsular opacification of interventional radiation group and nuclear medicine group was higher than that of conventional radiation group, and the difference between interventional radiation group and conventional medicine group was statistically significant. Abnormal detection of tumor markers in serum after sustained radon exposure accounted for 39.2% of NSE(neuron-specific enolase), 22.5% of SCC(squamous cell carcinoma associated antigen), and 5.9% of CyFRA21-1(cytokeratin 19 fragment), respectively, chest lowdose CT showed plaque and stripe shadow in 21 cases (41.2%) and nodules in 16 cases (31.4%). Conclusion: Individual dose monitoring found that radiation workers engaged in interventional radiology were exposed to higher doses and had higher occupational risks. The results of occupational health examination show that there is a certain degree of radiation injury in interventional radiology and nuclear medicine workers. Nuclear medicine radiation monitoring results show that some workplaces have radioactive contamination. The radon exposure of deep mine miners has a higher occupational risk of lung cancer caused by high radon.The analysis of chromosome aberration is an important index of occupational health monitoring of radiation workers.

Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease that was first identifiedin mainland China in 2009 and has been reported in Zhejiang Province, China, since 2011. However, few studies have focusedon the association between ticks, host animals, and SFTS. Objective: In this study, we analyzed the influence of meteorological and environmental factors as well as the influence ofticks and host animals on SFTS. This can serve as a foundational basis for the development of strategic policies aimed at theprevention and control of SFTS. Methods: Data on SFTS incidence, tick density, cattle density, and meteorological and environmental factors were collectedand analyzed using a maximum entropy-based model. Results: As of December 2019, 463 laboratory-confirmed SFTS cases were reported in Zhejiang Province. We found that thedensity of ticks, precipitation in the wettest month, average temperature, elevation, and the normalized difference vegetationindex were significantly associated with SFTS spatial distribution. The niche model fitted accurately with good performancein predicting the potential risk areas of SFTS (the average test area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for thereplicate runs was 0.803 and the SD was 0.013). The risk of SFTS occurrence increased with an increase in tick density, andthe response curve indicated that the risk was greater than 0.5 when tick density exceeded 1.4. The risk of SFTS occurrencedecreased with increased precipitation in the wettest month, and the risk was less than 0.5 when precipitation exceeded 224.4mm. The relationship between elevation and SFTS occurrence showed a reverse V shape, and the risk peaked at approximately400 m. Conclusions: Tick density, precipitation, and elevation were dominant influencing factors for SFTS, and comprehensiveintervention measures should be adjusted according to these factors to reduce SFTS incidence in Zhejiang Province

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is caused by hantaviruses (HVs) and is endemic in Zhejiang Province, China. In this study, we aimed to explore the changing epidemiology of HFRS cases and the dynamics of hantavirus hosts in Zhejiang Province. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze long-term trends in the incidence of HFRS. The comparison of animal density at different stages was conducted using the Mann–Whitney Test. A comparison of HV carriage rates between stages and species was performed using the chi-square test. The incidence of HFRS shows a continuous downward trend. Cases are widely distributed in all counties of Zhejiang Province except Shengsi County. There was a high incidence belt from west to east, with low incidence in the south and north. The HFRS epidemic showed two seasonal peaks in Zhejiang Province, which were winter and summer. It showed a marked increase in the age of the incidence population. A total of 23,073 minibeasts from 21 species were captured. Positive results were detected in the lung tissues of 14 rodent species and 1 shrew species. A total of 80% of the positive results were from striped field mice and brown rats. No difference in HV carriage rates between striped field mice and brown rats was observed (χ2 = 0.258, p = 0.611).

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) are both endemic in rural areas and some characteristics are similar between HFRS and SFTS, which usually lead to misdiagnosis. In this study, we summarized and compared some characteristics of HFRS and SFTS which will provide scientific information for differential diagnosis. From 2011 to 2022, a total of 4336 HFRS cases and 737 SFTS cases were reported in Zhejiang Province. Compared to SFTS, there was a higher proportion of males among HFRS cases (72.46% [3142/4336] vs. 50.88% [375/737], p = 0.000). The median age of all 4336 HFRS cases was 49 (39, 59), while the median age of SFTS cases was 66 (57, 74). In addition, the involved counties of HFRS were more than SFTS, but the number of counties affected by SFTS increased from 2011 to 2022. The majority of SFTS cases occurred in summer (from May to July), but besides summer, HFRS cases also showed a peak in winter. Finally, our results showed that the case fatality rate of SFTS was significantly higher than that of HFRS. Although there were some similarities between HFRS and SFTS, our study found several differences between them, such as gender distribution, age distribution, and seasonal distribution, which will provide scientific information for differential diagnosis of HFRS and SFTS. Further studies should be carried out to explore the mechanism of these differences.

Hydrogasification (C + H2 -> CH4) is a crucial reaction for obtaining CH4 from coal or biomass. However, the reaction is sluggish in the absence of a suitable catalyst. Cobalt is more catalytically active than iron, nickel, and alkali metals, but is expensive. To improve the process economy, catalyst recycling was investigated with a focus on cobalt and calcium (Co-Ca) catalyzed coal hydrogasification. The results revealed that Co existed as metallic state in the gasified residue, and it was strongly associated with Ca compounds. Co-Ca as nitrate and acetate exhibited significantly higher activity than that of chloride and sulfate. Nitrate acid (HNO3) can effectively leach Co and Ca from the residue, as the leaching efficiencies of Co and Ca exceeded 99.7 % and 98.0 %, respectively. Additionally, seventeen mineral impurity elements were extracted from the residue. With repeated recycling, the majority of impurities accumulated in the recovered catalyst and exhibited distinct effects on its activity. Al impurity demonstrated its ability to significantly lower the Co-Ca activity, whereas Fe, K, Na, Mg, P, and S could not. Because impurities inhibited Co reducibility, the catalytic performance of recovered Co-Ca decreased with each recycling. Inspired by the results, the proposed HNO3 leaching procedure was optimized using two-step precipitations for impurities removal, and a high activity of recovered catalyst was achieved. This study provides some insights into the recovery, deactivation, and regeneration of cobalt catalyst employed for coal or biomass hydrogasification.

Coal pyrolysis wastewater pretreatment suffers from equipment fouling and inferior mass transfer efficiency brought by low emulsified oil removal efficiency. This paper comprehensively analyzed the properties of emulsified oil and found this inadequacies attribute to its high stability and penetrability derived from high & zeta; potential of-33.1 mV and tiny average particle size of 114.7 nm in initial condition. H3O+ adjustment is developed to compress diffusion layer thickness and facilitate natural coalescence of emulsified oil droplets. Results of H2SO4 acidification present the peaks of average particle size sustainably stabilized between 782.9 and 1009.0 nm and emulsified oil was mostly coagulated and subsequently settled/floated without further treatment. CO2 was selected as a suitable donor of H3O+ to improve application potential, and flocculants was coupled with pressurized dissolved CO2 to intensify emulsified oil removal whose optimal efficiency achieved 93.82 wt% by changing flocculant types and operation conditions. Response surface analysis results introduced emulsified oil removal efficiency reached 95.17 wt% at PAC concentration of 1065 mg/L, CPAM concentration of 20 mg/L and operating pressure of 0.67 MPag. For renovation projects with limitations, the optimal emulsified oil removal efficiency achieved 94.33 wt% at PAC concentration of 1032 mg/L, CPAM concentration of 21 mg/L and operating pressure of 0.60 MPag. Process simulation of sour gas and ammonia stripper signified that CO2 addition has little effect on current industrial process. By comparison, the proposed approach performs high efficiency, low impact to wastewater, strong feasibility, and great prospect in pretreatment.

ObjectiveAedes-borne arboviral diseases were important public health problems in Zhejiang before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics and change of the epidemiology of Aedes-borne arboviral diseases in the province.MethodsDescriptive analyses were conducted to summarize the epidemiology of Aedes-borne arboviral diseases during 2003–2022.ResultsA total of 3,125 cases, including 1,968 indigenous cases, were reported during 2003–2022. Approximately three-quarters of imported cases were infected from Southeast Asia. The number of annual imported cases increased during 2013–2019 (R2 = 0.801, p = 0.004) and peaked in 2019. When compared with 2003–2012, all prefecture-level cities witnessed an increase in the annual mean incidence of imported cases in 2013–2019 (0.11–0.42 per 100,000 population vs. 0–0.05 per 100,000 population) but a drastic decrease during 2020–2022 (0–0.03 per 100,000 population). The change in geographical distribution was similar, with 33/91 counties during 2003–2012, 86/91 during 2013–2019, and 14/91 during 2020–2022. The annual mean incidence of indigenous cases in 2013–2019 was 7.79 times that in 2003–2012 (0.44 vs. 0.06 per 100,000 population). No indigenous cases were reported between 2020–2022. Geographical extension of indigenous cases was also noted before 2020—from two counties during 2003–2012 to 44 during 2013–2019.ConclusionDengue, chikungunya fever, zika disease, and yellow fever are not endemic in Zhejiang but will be important public health problems for the province in the post-COVID-19 era.

Objective: To analyze the health status and radiation sensitivity index of radiation workers in provincial, county and township hospitals. To explore the methods of evaluation indicators, evaluation standards and scoring principles of radiation safety culture in medical institutions.Methods: In 2021, the radiation safety status of all 172 medical institutions in a city was investigated by using retrospective investigation, current situation investigation and laboratory study. The occupational health monitoring data of all 1547 radiation workers were statistically analyzed, and the radiation safety status and health indicators of radiation workers in provincial, county and township level hospitals were compared.Results: The results of occupational health monitoring of radiation workers showed that there were statistically significant differences in ALT, lens opacity (P < 0.05) and lymphocyte micronucleus (P < 0.05) between the two groups, and there were statistically significant differences in the influence of radiation service on the detection rate of lens opacity (P < 0.05). The survey results of radiation safety culture construction in medical institutions show that there are differences in the level of radiation safety culture in hospitals of different grades. The radiation safety culture construction of provincial and municipal public hospitals is obviously better than that of county hospitals, especially township hospitals.Conclusion: Interventional radiologists and nuclear medicine workers engaged in iodine therapy were exposed to higher radiation agents, and radiation workers in township health centers were not aware of radiation protection, and there was a certain occupational risk. At the same time, the evaluation index of radiation safety literacy in medical institutions was determined, Disease prevention and control personnel stationed in hospitals is an effective measure to strengthen the construction of radiation safety culture in hospitals.

Background Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a common contaminant found in plasma pools and plasma derivatives. Previous studies were mainly focused on limited aspects, further assessment of prevalence of B19V DNA and antibodies in plasma donors, the contamination of B19V in pooled plasma and plasma derivatives should be performed in China. Study Design and Methods Individual plasma donors’ samples from four provinces and pooled plasma from four Chinese blood product manufacturers were collected and screened using B19V DNA diagnostic kits between October 2018 and May 2020. The positive samples were investigated for the seroprevalence of B19V antibodies and subjected to sequence analysis and alignment for phylogenetic studies. Moreover, 11 plasma donors who were B19V DNA-positive at their first testing were also followed during the later donation period. Additionally, 400 plasma pools and 20 batches of plasma derivatives produced by pooled plasma with a viral load of B19V DNA exceeding 10 4 IU/mL were also collected and tested for B19V DNA and antibodies. Objectives To comprehensively and systematically determine the frequency and viral load of B19V DNA in plasma donors, pooled plasma, and plasma derivatives from four Chinese blood product manufacturers. Results A total of 17,187 plasma donors were analyzed and 44 (0.26%) specimens were found positive for B19V DNA. The quantitative DNA levels ranged from 1.01 × 10 1 to 5.09 × 10 12 IU/mL. Forty-four DNA-positive specimens were also investigated for the seroprevalence of B19V antibodies, 75.0% and 2.3% of which were seropositive for B19V IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. The phylogenic analyses showed that the prevalent genotypes in the four provinces’ plasma donors belonged to B19V Genotype 1. Eleven individual plasma donors who were B19V DNA-positive at the first donation were then followed for a period, and in general, the DNA levels of B19V gradually decreased. Moreover, 64.8% (259/400) of the pooled plasma was contaminated by B19V, with concentrations of 1.05 × 10 0 –3.36 × 10 9 IU/mL. Approximately 72.6% of the DNA-positive plasma pools were only moderately contaminated (<10 4 IU/mL), while 27.4% contained >10 4 IU/mL. Twenty batches of plasma derivatives produced by pooled plasma with a viral load of B19V DNA exceeding 10 4 IU/mL were also tested. B19V was detected in 5/5 PCC samples and 5/5 factor VIII samples but was not found in the intravenous immune globulin and albumin samples. Conclusion The contamination of B19V in pooled plasma and plasma-derived clotting factor concentrates is serious. Whether B19V nucleic acid testing (NAT) screening of plasma and plasma derivatives is launched in China, blood product manufacturers should spontaneously perform B19V NAT screening in plasma donors and mini-pool plasma. These measures can ensure that samples with high titer B19V DNA are discarded in order to prevent and control this transfusion transmitted virus.

Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to describe blood services in the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Regions, (hereinafter referred to as Aba Prefecture), a region of China’s Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, the third largest area of Tibet and the main inhabited area of the Qiang people. Design: We present a comprehensive investigation into blood donations, donors, screening and supply in the 13 counties of Aba Prefecture based on data from 2013 to 2018. Geography and population were also used to analyze the differences in blood services among different regions. Participants: The number of blood donors totaled 19,047. Results: Over the past 6 years, blood donations have increased by 29 and clinical blood usage by 45%. The blood donation rate was 3.4‰ and per capita blood use was 1.04 mL, both of which were significantly lower than the national average, and blood donation decreased with altitude. It should be noted that the donation rate of the Tibetan and Qiang peoples is much lower than that of the Han population. Moreover, the rejection rate of blood in laboratory testing was found to be higher than the national average, especially in counties located at higher altitudes. Conclusions: Blood donations and usage increased every year in Aba Prefecture, but blood shortage is still an important issue. In addition, the prevalence of transfusion–transmitted diseases is relatively high, which may be linked to lower-education and unfavorable geographical and medical conditions.

目的 了解2014年我国南方部分地区农村人群隐孢子虫感染情况,分析其影响因素.方法 在我国南方三省(江苏、湖北、广西壮族自治区),采用多阶段抽样方法各抽取约2000名农村居民作为调查对象,问卷调查获取人口学特征、生活习惯和环境卫生情况等信息,检测粪便中的隐孢子虫.结果 共调查6025人,隐孢子虫感染率为6.0％,江苏、湖北和广西地区感染率分别为0.4％、14.7％和2.9％,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).多因素logistics回归分析表明,供水类型为集中式供水是隐孢子虫感染的保护因素(OR=0.199,95％CI:0.144～0.274).结论 不同地区农村人群隐孢子虫感染率有较大差异,供水方式是感染隐孢子虫的重要影响因素.

Background Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a serious public health problem in China. The geographic distribution has went throughout China, among which Zhejiang Province is an important epidemic area. Since 1963, more than 110,000 cases have been reported. Methods We collected the meteorological factors and socioeconomic indicators of Zhejiang Province, and constructed the HFRS ecological niche model of Zhejiang Province based on the algorithm of maximum entropy. Results Model AUC from 2009 to 2018, is 0.806–0.901. The high incidence of epidemics in Zhejiang Province is mainly concentrated in the eastern, western and central regions of Zhejiang Province. The contribution of digital elevation model ranged from 2009 to 2018 from 4.22 to 26.0%. The contribution of average temperature ranges from 6.26 to 19.65%, Gross Domestic Product contribution from 7.53 to 21.25%, and average land surface temperature contribution with the highest being 16.73% in 2011. In addition, the average contribution of DMSP/OLS, 20-8 precipitation and 8-20 precipitation were all in the range of 9%. All-day precipitation increases with the increase of rainfall, and the effect curve peaks at 1,250 mm, then decreases rapidly, and a small peak appears again at 1,500 mm. Average temperature response curve shows an inverted v-shape, where the incidence peaks at 17.8°C. The response curve of HFRS for GDP and DMSP/OLS shows a positive correlation. Conclusion The incidence of HFRS in Zhejiang Province peaked in areas where the average temperature was 17.8°C, which reminds that in the areas where temperature is suitable, personal protection should be taken when going out as to avoid contact with rodents. The impact of GDP and DMSP/OLS on HFRS is positively correlated. Most cities have good medical conditions, but we should consider whether there are under-diagnosed cases in economically underdeveloped areas.

Introduction Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease, and the number of cases has increased in recent years in Zhejiang Province, China. However, whether the seasonal distribution, geographic distribution, and demographic characteristics of SFTS have changed with the increase of incidence was unclear. Materials and Methods Data on SFTS cases in Zhejiang Province and tick density in Daishan County from 2011 to 2019 were collected. The changing epidemiological characteristics of SFTS including seasonal distribution, geographical distribution, and demographic features were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, Global Moran's I, local Getis-Ord Gi* statistic, and spatial scan statistic. Results A total of 463 SFTS cases including 53 (11.45%) deaths were reported from 2011 to 2019 in Zhejiang Province, and the annual number of cases showed increasing tendency. SFTS cases were reported in almost half of the counties (40/89) of Zhejiang Province. Elderly farmers accounted for most cases and the proportion of farmers has increased. Most cases (81.21%) occurred during April and August. The interval from illness onset to confirmation was significantly shortened (Z = 5.194, p < 0.001). The majority of cases were reported in Zhoushan City from 2011 to 2016, but most cases were reported in Taizhou City since 2017. Discussion We observed dynamic changes in the seasonal distribution, geographical distribution, and demographic features of SFTS, and comprehensive intervention measures, such as clearance of breeding sites, killing of tick adults, and health education should be strengthened in farmers of the key areas according to the changed epidemiological characteristics.