Brilliant blue, as a pigment food additive, has all the characteristics of printing and dyeing wastewater and belongs to persistent and refractory organic compounds. The photocatalysis–Fenton reaction system consists of two parts: photocatalytic reaction and Fenton reaction. Electrons promote the decomposition of H2O2 to produce •OH. In addition, the effective separation of e- and h+ by light strengthens the direct oxidation of h+, and h+ reacts directly with OH− to produce •OH, which can further promote the removal of organic pollutants. In this paper, g-C3N4 and Fe/g-C3N4 photocatalysts were prepared by the thermal polycondensation method. Fe/g-C3N4 of 15 wt% can reach 98.59% under the best degradation environment, and the degradation rate of g-C3N4 is only 7.6% under the same conditions. The photocatalytic activity of the catalysts was further studied. Through active species capture experiments, it is known that •OH and •O2− are the main active species in the system, and the action intensity of •OH is greater than that of •O2−. The degradation reaction mechanism is that H2O2 combines with Fe2+ in Fe/g-C3N4 to generate a large amount of •OH and Fe3+, and the combination of Fe-N bonds accelerates the cycle of Fe3+/Fe2+ and promotes the formation of •OH, thereby accelerating the degradation of target pollutants. •O2− can reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+, Fe2+ reacts with H2O2 to produce •OH, which promotes degradation, and •O2− itself also plays a role in degradation. In addition, under the optimal experimental conditions obtained by response surface experiments, the fitting degree of first-order reaction kinetics is 0.96642, and the fitting degree of second-order reaction kinetics is 0.57884. Therefore, this reaction is more in line with first-order reaction kinetics. The adsorption rate is only proportional to the concentration of Fe/g-C3N4.

The composite photocatalyst FeOOH/g-C3N4 was prepared through thermal polycondensation and co-precipitation methods, followed by XRD, SEM and UV-vis characterization. The stability of FeOOH/g-C3N4 was explored by the recycling test. The active species in the reaction system were investigated by the capture experiment. The results indicated that the optimal preparation condition for g-C3N4 involved calcination at 600 °C for 4 h. XRD analysis revealed that g-C3N4 exhibits a high-purity phase, and Fe in FeOOH/g-C3N4 exists in a highly dispersed amorphous state. SEM analysis showed that FeOOH/g-C3N4 has a rough surface with an irregular layered structure. Element composition analysis confirmed that the content of elements in the prepared catalyst is consistent with the theoretical calculation. FeOOH/g-C3N4 possesses the largest specific surface area of 143.2 m2/g and a suitable pore distribution. UV-vis DRS analysis showed that the absorption intensity of FeOOH/g-C3N4 is stronger than that of g-C3N4. When the catalyst dosage was 1.0 g/L, the H2O2 dosage was 4 mmol/L, the PNP initial concentration was 10 mg/L and the initial pH value was 5, the PNP removal could reach 92% in 120 min. Even after 5 cycles, the efficiency of PNP removal by FeOOH/g-C3N4 remains nearly 80%. The capture experiment indicated that both •OH and •O2− play roles in the photocatalytic degradation of PNP, with •OH being more significant. These findings affirm that FeOOH has been successfully incorporated into g-C3N4, resulting in a conspicuous catalytic effect on the degradation of PNP in the visible light-assisted Fenton-like reaction.

The aim of this paper is to increase a new biodegradable implant material’s biodegradability, biocompatibility, and osteoinductivity in the long-term degradation process, as well as its antibacterial properties, novel carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with or without Cu element were doped into calcium phosphate (CaP)–chitosan (CS) layers and then fabricated to obtain the magnesium (Mg) matrix composites. In this paper, we investigated the influences of the CNTs-CaP-CS/Mg composites on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human osteosarcoma cell (SaOS-2) and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Furthermore, the Cu/CNTs-CaP-CS/Mg was prepared to improve the bioactivity and antibacterial activity of the composites. The results indicated that CNTs-CaP-CS/Mg composites were suitable for proliferation and differentiation of SaOS-2 cells. Stimulated by the CNTs-CaP-CS/Mg extracts, the ALP expression of hBMSCs increased in the first 16 days and the mineralization ability of hBMSCs was highly expressed throughout the whole process which might be through the Erk1/2 signaling pathway. After CNTs-loaded Cu element, the bioactivity of the coating was satisfactory. Moreover, this new implant exhibited excellent antibacterial properties for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus albus (S. albus). Collectively, these data suggest that the CNTs-CaP-CS/Mg and Cu/CNTs-CaP-CS/Mg might be potentially applied as bone implants for future clinical use.

石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)是具有二维层状结构的无金属半导体材料,以低成本富氮材料为前驱体就可制得.g-C3N4具有合适的禁带宽度、良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性以及绿色环保无污染等优点,被广泛应用于产氢、降解有机染料及CO2的还原等领域,因此在光催化领域有着诱人的应用前景.但纯g-C3N4比表面积小、光生载流子易复合,使其光催化性能受到一定的影响,所以需要不同的制备及改性方法来提高其光催化性能.归纳了 g-C3N4的制备及改性方法,综述了近年来g-C3N4在印染、抗生素、重金属和农药等生产废水处理中的应用,并对g-C3N4今后在合成、改性方面的研究进行了展望.

通过对环境工程专业本科实践教学的相关内容及其在课程教学、实验、设计、实习等方面存在的一些问题进行分析、探讨,给出了相应的解决办法,对该专业教学内容改革和实践提供参考.

石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)作为一种对可见光敏感的非金属光催化剂,具有独特的能带结构和较高的导带位置,且化学稳定性高,原料廉价易得,近年来成为国内外研究的热点.但是纯的g-C3N4存在光吸收不足、比表面积小、光生电子与空穴对复合快等缺点,导致其光催化活性较低,所以研究人员通过研究对g-C3N4改性的方法来提高g-C3N4的光催化性能.本文介绍了g-C3N4的光催化机理;着重介绍了g-C3N4的改性方法,包括:金属掺杂、非金属掺杂、共掺杂和基于g-C3N4的异质结等;并详细介绍了改性氮化碳在人工合成色素废水降解领域的应用.由此可见,改性后的g-C3N4可以大大提高其光催化性能,提升催化剂对废水的降解效果,使得光催化技术得到更广泛的应用,所以设计合成高催化性能的催化剂十分必要.

含有三氯蔗糖的废水是一种难以用生物法处理的食品添加剂废水.利用UV/Fenton法对模拟配制的三氯蔗糖废水进行高级氧化处理研究.先分别对FeSO4、H2 O2的投加量、初始pH值和反应时间进行了单因素试验,又进行了紫外光照和室内普通光线条件对比实验,最后进行了正交实验,确定了处理含有三氯蔗糖废水的最佳工艺条件.实验结果表明,Fe2+投加量为0.015 mol/L,H2 O2投加量为0.250 mol/L,初始pH值为3,反应时间为60 min时,降解效果最好,去除率为84.9％.紫外光照下处理效果明显比普通光照要好.正交实验结果表明各单因素对三氯蔗糖去除效果影响的显著顺序为:H2 O2投加量>Fe2+投加量>pH值>UV照射下反应时间.

采用尿素水热法-煅烧法制备了不同Ni/Zn比的ZnNiAl-层状金属氧化物(LDOs)可见光响应型催化剂.将硝酸锌、硝酸铝、硝酸镍按一定配比混合制成水溶液,加入尿素作为沉淀剂,在100℃条件下反应48 h,制得催化剂前驱体;研磨后经600℃高温煅烧制得对可见光响应的催化剂.利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外吸收光谱(FTIR)等方法对样品进行结构表征.结果表明,前驱体具有较好的晶型结构,结晶度较高,是具有层板结构的水滑石类化合物;煅烧后的催化剂层间H 2 O和CO 2被去除,未进入类水滑石结构的金属主要以金属氧化物的形式存在;层板结构有些损坏,但板层结构依旧存在,结构更加松散,比表面积增大;Ni2+/Zn2+的比例对层间阴离子官能团没有影响.ZnNiAl-LDOs催化剂对目标污染物对硝基苯酚(PNP)降解的实验表明,当Ni2+/Zn2+比为4,催化剂投加量为0.8 g?L-1时,对初始浓度为10 mg?L-1的PNP,催化剂的光催化效果最佳,光催化反应3h去除率可达到80％.此催化剂具有良好的稳定性,循环使用5次后去除率仍达65％.

总结了在环境工程专业本科生实践教学改革中的具体做法,包括在实验硬件建设、师资队伍、实验课程设置、实验教学体系、各种实习、毕业论文、科研及工程应用结合和实践教学考评体系等方面.提出了培养新世纪高素质、创新人才的措施和对策,包括加大经费投入,改善实验条件,实现网络辅助教学;打造双师型的实践教学师资队伍;改革实践教学的培养模式,优化实践教学课程设置,实现教学内容、教学思路和教学手段的现代化;加强校际合作、校企合作,搭建实践教学平台,并维持其有效运行;树立以学生为本的理念,完善实践教学评价机制,构建研究性实践教学模式.

A visible-light responsive Cu-Fe bimetallic amidoxime-modified polyacrylonitrile (denoted by Cu/Fe-AO-PAN) fiber was prepared using a facile and rapid microwave-assisted synthesis method. Several microscopic and spectroscopic techniques were adopted to characterize the morphology, structure, thermal and optical properties of the Cu/Fe-AO-PAN fiber. The results indicated that Cu(2+ )and Fe3+ ions were successfully coordinated with AO-PAN without causing distinct damage to the fiber and that chelation with metal ions extended the light absorption into the visible-light region. P-nitrophenol (PNP) was used to investigate the photocatalytic performance of the Cu/Fe-AO-PAN fiber in a photo-Fenton system under visible light irradiation. Various parameters that affected PNP removal were discussed, including the microwave heating temperature, irradiation time, Cu/ Fe molar ratio, and photo-Fenton reaction conditions, such as the pH, H2O2 concentration and fiber dosage. Under the optimal conditions, a PNP removal rate of approximately 100% was achieved within 150 min under visible light irradiation. The bimetallic Cu/Fe-AO-PAN exhibited improved pH tolerance, photocatalytic performance and stability compared to the monometallic Fe-AO-PAN fiber. In addition, a mechanism for PNP degradation induced by the Cu/Fe-AO-PAN fiber in the photo-Fenton system under visible light irradiation was proposed.

食品工业中的添加剂山梨酸是一种微生物抑制剂,可以抑制细菌、微生物的存活,所以其废水难以生化处理.通过单因素实验和正交实验,以废水COD为评价指标,探讨了Fe2+投加量、H2O2投加量、溶液pH和反应时间和对山梨酸钾水样中COD去除的影响.综合考虑经济性和去除效果的前提下,确定了最佳工艺条件:Fe2+为0.015 mol/L、H2O2为0.20 mol/L、初始pH值为5、紫外反应70min时实验结果最好.处理后COD值从225.1 mg·L-1降至100.1 mg·L-1,总去除率达到55.56％.

头孢唑啉钠废水成分复杂、COD高、可生化性相对较差,而微波强化芬顿氧化法效率高、操作简单,可作为一种处理方法.采用微波强化Fenton氧化处理系统,研究H2 O2质量浓度、Fe2+质量浓度、初始pH、微波辐射时间对模拟废水COD的影响.结果发现,降解废水中抗生素的最优条件是:H2 O2质量浓度为80 mg/L、Fe2+质量浓度为12 mg/L、微波辐射时间为4 min、初始pH为4.微波辐射能够明显提高Fenton试剂对头孢唑林钠的处理效果.

利用微波辅助对聚丙烯腈纤维(PAN)进行偕胺肟改性,再与Fe(NO3)3反应制备铁配PAN光催化材料(Fe-PAN),并采用SEM/EDS、FT-IR和UV-VIS方法表征改性前后材料的特性.同时,在可见光下将Fe-PAN作为非均相Fenton催化剂氧化降解对硝基苯酚(PNP),分析Fe3+含量、H2O2浓度、催化剂投加量、初始PNP浓度和pH值对降解效果的影响.结果表明,偕胺肟基团与Fe3+发生了配位反应;增加催化剂中Fe3+含量、H2O2浓度和催化剂投加量会促进PNP的氧化降解,而增大初始PNP浓度则增加PNP的降解难度;相较于碱性介质,Fe-PAN在酸性介质中具有更高的催化活性.此外,Fe-PAN催化剂还可以使PNP发生一定程度的矿化,且具有较好的稳定性、重复使用和再生性能.

结合我校环境工程专业人才培养的具体实践,对教育理念、 师资队伍建设、 课程体系设置、 教育教学方法、 实践教学体系、 创新思维和创新素质的培养等方面的具体做法和理念进行了总结研究.提出了培养新时代高素质、 应用型、 创新型人才的对策,包括先进的教育理念、 创新师资队伍、 灵活的课程设置、 多样的教育教学方法、 实践教学创新体系、 增强学生综合素质和能力等.

文章探索关于我国东北寒冷地区哈尔滨市大气污染物SO2的固定燃烧源和工业过程源等数据的采集、数据比对、数据选择、最佳模型的选择,采用排放因子和GIS技术最终建立及完善哈尔滨市大气清单,为大尺度排放清单的建立提供有益参考.

In this paper, ZnNiAl-layered double hydroxide (LDH) photocatalysts were successfully prepared using a facile and timesaving microwave-assisted method. ZnNiAl-layered double oxides (LDOs) were then achieved from ZnNiAl-LDHs photocatalyst with calcination treatment. As a control, the corresponding photocatalysts were synthesized using a traditional hydrothermal method. A set of characterization technologies including XRD, SEM, FT-IR, and N-2 adsorption was carried out to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the prepared photocatalysts. The photocatalytic activities were evaluated by the degradation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) under visible-light irradiation. Moreover, the influences of calcination temperature, photocatalyst dosage, and initial PNP concentration were also explored in this system. The results indicated that the sample transformed from LDH to LDO after 700 degrees C calcination treatment and the prepared LDO showed an outstanding photocatalytic activity. When the photocatalyst dosage was 1.0 g.L-1 and initial PNP concentration was 10 mg.L-1, PNP removal efficiency was as high as 93.0% within 180 min under visible-light irradiation. After six cycles, the newly designed photocatalyst showed a good stability and reusability. This study shares a new preparation method for ZnNiAl-LDO as a novel photocatalyst with high efficiency for wastewater treatment. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Minocycline pharmaceutical wastewater is difficult to be oxidized by conventional biological process, ultrasonic with Fenton advanced oxidation process was used for it and the single factor and orthogonal experiments was committed in this paper.Influence on treatment effect on minocycline wastewater of dosage of H2 O2 , ultrasonic power, mole ratio of Fe2+/H2 O2 and initial pH value was studied on the condition of 15 min of reaction time and 28 kHz frequency of ultrasound with their COD value variations as the determination indexes.The re-sults showed that the removal rate of COD reached maximum at 86.15%when the dosage of H2 O2 was 8 mL/L, the ultrasonic power was 300 W, mole ratio of Fe2+/H2 O2 was 1:20 and the initial pH value was 3.0.This results indicated that ultrasonic -Fenton oxidation was very effective for the degradation of such a refractory tetracycline antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater.

With green biodegradable polymer chitosan as substrate,genipin as the crosslinking agent,through observing whether the proper chitosan hydrogels could be made under normal pressure on different conditions,such as crosslinking temperature,crosslinking ratio and crosslinking reaction time,the optimal conditions were found out.Experiment showed that the hard hydrogels could be made only on the conditions of 37C of temperature,0.25％ or 0.5％ of crosslinking ratios,and 3h of crosslinking time.Chitosan porous scaffold was prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide foaming method.Infrared spectrum analysis and scanning electron microscopy results showed that when the crosslinking ratio was 0.25％,with the increase of pressure,the degree of crosslinking of chitosan and genipin also increased.When the pressure was on the 100bar,the best porous chitosan scaffold for tissue engineering could be obtained.Its pores are more uniform and it has appropriate strength.The porosity and water absorption of the scaffold are 92％ and 571％ respectively.

A clear identification of the fouling mechanisms in membrane bioreactor can give a better understanding on membrane fouling.In this study, early filtration behaviors of soluble microbial products (SMP) and biomacromolecules (BMM) were compared and fouling mechanisms were investigated by Hermia's model.The results suggested that intermediate blocking, standard blocking, and complete blocking occurred successively for SMP filtration while intermediate blocking and cake filtration were the main fouling mechanisms acted in succession for BMM filtration.Moreover, pore blocking made a major contribution to flux decline and resistance increase for both SMP and BMM filtration.The effective porosity was lower for BMM filtration.In addition, three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectra demonstrated that the fouling layer formed by BMM was beneficial for the removal of foulants such as soluble microbial byproduct-like materials.

Ultrasound-Fenton process was used to treat metronidazole wastewater.The treatment effect could be known by measuring the change of COD value.The effect on the COD removal was studied in these static experiments of the Fe2+ dosage,H2O2 dosage,pH value and the reaction time of ultrasound.The results of the orthogonal experiment showed that the decreasing sequence of those factors on influencing significance were H2O2,Fe2+,pH and ultrasound treating time.The study results indicated that for the simulated wastewater of metronidazole with a concentration of 1 010.5 mg/L.The COD removal ratio could reach the maximum of (95％) when the concentration of Fe2+ was O.06 mol/L,H2O2 was 0.25 mol/ L,pH value was 3 and ultrasound reaction time was 60 min and on these conditions the concentration of COD in the effluent decreases to 50.5 mg/L,which can meet the first level of national discharging standard of pharmaceutical wastewater.It illustrated that the ultrasonic -Fenton method had good effect on the treatment of metronidazole pharmaceutical wastewater.