PDF file - 3.4MB, Relationship between PDL-1 expression and survival

PDF file - 54K, Patient characteristics

PDF file - 359K, NK cell mediated lysis determined by dynamic measure of cell index of adherent melanoma targets.

PDF file - 437K, Characterization of the M-LN CD56bright CD16+ and CD16- NK cell subsets.

PDF file - 339K, Phenotype of M-LN NK cells in function of the disease stage.

PDF file - 2.7MB, Correlation between PDL-1 expression and PD-1 positive infiltrating T cells

PDF file - 4.8MB, Synergy between anti-HPV vaccine and anti-PDL-1 to inhibit tumor growth

PDF file - 167K, Analyses of CD4+ Foxp3 Tregs in LN cell suspensions.

PDF file - 2.6MB, Characterization of PD1+CD45+ cells

PDF file - 272K, Gating strategy of NK cells in total LN cell suspensions.

PDF file - 64K, List of antibodies used for immunofluorescence staining

PDF file - 2.6MB, Relationship between tumor infiltration with Foxp3 regulatory T cells and survival

PDF file - 4.8MB, Colocalization between PD1 positive cells and Foxp3- or Tim3- positive cells

PDF file - 450K, Phenotype of blood NK cells from stage III melanoma patients.

Only three laryngeal transplants have been described in the literature to date, and none of the techniques has enabled a completely satisfactory functional result to be obtained. This article presents a new model of laryngeal transplantation, with quality of revascularisation of the transplant being the principal objective and optimisation of the various steps of the procedure, with the integration of a new reinnervation technique as a secondary objective. We present a preclinical animal study. Three pig larynges removed in vivo underwent allotransplantation according to the same protocol. The quality of the revascularisation was examined immediately after the surgery as well as by endoscopy for one animal on the fourth day after the operation. The mean time of cold ischaemia was 3 h 15 min. The anaesthetic tolerance of the pigs was excellent. Revascularisation was achieved and judged to be excellent for the three transplants immediately after the operation and the endoscopy performed for one pig on the fourth day after the operation confirmed this result. The anatomical similarities also enabled the application and integration of an innovative technique of laryngeal reinnervation into the various phases of the operation. We describe a reliable and reproducible animal model for laryngeal transplantation. Its application in humans can be envisaged.

The microenvironment of solid tumors has become a promising target for future therapies modulating immune cells. Patients with advanced head and neck cancer, which still portends a poor outcome, are particularly in need of innovative approaches. In oral squamous cell carcinoma, high density of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) appears consistently associated with poor prognosis, whereas data are currently limited for other head and neck sites. Several approaches to block TAMs have been investigated, including TAMs inactivation by means of the colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1)/CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) inhibitors or strategies to reprogram TAMs from M2 protumoral phenotype toward M1 antitumoral phenotype. This review focuses on both prognostic and therapeutic aspects related to TAMs in head and neck carcinomas.

Purpose of ReviewManagement of metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCC) can be challenging. This review gives an insight of current treatment options for patients with synchronous metastatic HNSCC and suggests a therapeutic algorithm.Recent FindingsWith the rise of novel therapeutic techniques and medications, many treatment options for both locoregional and distant metastatic disease have become available. The evolving paradigm of metastatic disease now integrates the concept of oligometastatic disease. On top of systemic treatments, patients with low metastatic burden can benefit from curative approaches such as local therapies (surgery, radiotherapy) directed to either primary tumour and distant metastasis. However, data integrating these considerations in the management of metastatic HNSCC is still lacking.SummaryBased on this algorithm, we can provide a tailored treatment to each patient with synchronous metastatic HNSCC, according to their age, general condition and metastatic burden.

During the 2017 IFOS international congress in Paris, a roundtable discussion on the topic of functional and aesthetic rhinoplasty was organised. Five experts, from the five continents and renown in the field of rhinoplasty, were brought together to discuss the issue from an international perspective and to put forward a consensus or on the contrary practical differences. Five questions were put to the experts beforehand to guarantee independent answers, which were then discussed during the roundtable. The questions were the following: - What are the age limits for achieving a rhinoplasty? - Do you use objective measurements before, during and after surgery? (facial landmarks, airflow, peroperative measurements) - How do you manage the preoperative general information and computer imaging of the patient? - What are the indications in your practice to perform a CT-scan or endoscopic examination before doing a rhinoplasty? - What kind of graft or prosthesis do you use for an augmentation rhinoplasty? This paper offers a synthesis of the roundtable based on the experts' answers to the different questions.

Les syndromes paranéoplasiques neurologiques (SPN) sont rares, le plus fréquent associé au mélanome (M) étant la rétinopathie. Leur mécanisme est auto-immun bien que la plupart des auto-anticorps impliqués restent à identifier. Ces SPN peuvent précéder le diagnostic de tumeur. Leur traitement fait intervenir celui de la tumeur primitive et parfois des immunomodulateurs. Nous rapportons une patiente ayant un M et un syndrome cérébelleux paranéoplasique (SCP), amélioré par un anti-PD1. Une femme âgée de 43 ans avait eu l’exérèse d’un M de l’oreille droite de stade T4aN0M0 au diagnostic (SSM, BRAF WT). Six mois plus tard, elle présentait un ralentissement psychomoteur et un syndrome cérébelleux statique (ataxie avec élargissement du polygone de sustentation, marche ébrieuse) et cinétique (hypotonie des membres supérieurs, dysarthrie) alors que le M était en rémission. Le bilan étiologique était normal, IRM cérébrale, TEP-scanner, AC anti-neuronaux [AAN] négatifs dans le sérum et LCR en dehors d’une hyperprotéinorachie à 0,72 g/L. Elle débutait de la kinésithérapie et de l’orthophonie qui amélioraient les symptômes. Deux ans après, le syndrome cérébelleux s’intensifiait avec des chutes, une marche très difficile et une aggravation de la dysarthrie. L’IRM cérébrale et la ponction lombaire étaient normales. En parallèle, une rechute du M était diagnostiquée avec une localisation parotidienne homolatérale et 2 métastases sous-cutanées des membres dont la spécificité était confirmée histologiquement. Les AAN étaient négatifs. Le diagnostic de SCP était porté devant l’absence de diagnostic différentiel et l’aggravation synchrone avec le M. La patiente était alors traitée par nivolumab ; les localisations secondaires régressaient cliniquement dès la 6e semaine du traitement. Après 12 injections de nivolumab, le M était en rémission complète (RC), l’intensité du syndrome cérébelleux avait diminué avec l’obtention d’une marche quasi normale et la dysarthrie et l’ataxie s’étaient améliorées. Dans la littérature, seulement 3 cas de SCP associés à un M sont publiés dont 1 M muqueux, 1 M choroïdien et un cutané avec des AAN négatifs, comme dans notre observation. Ce dernier était BRAF muté. Aggravé sous corticothérapie générale, le SCP s’est amélioré sous veinoglobulines et thérapie ciblée parallèlement à la rémission. L’efficacité ici des anti-PD-1 ainsi que celle des immunoglobulines intraveineuses témoignent vraisemblablement du mécanisme auto-immun de ces SPN. Nous rapportons le premier cas de SCP associé à un M cutané amélioré sous nivolumab parallèlement à la réponse du M au traitement. Bien que les SCP soient rarement associés au M, la négativité des AAN ne doit pas faire exclure le diagnostic. Ils doivent être connus des dermatologues. Notre observation suggère l’efficacité du nivolumab dans la prise en charge des SCP associés au M.